Merge branch kvm-arm64/vfio-normal-nc into kvmarm/next

* kvm-arm64/vfio-normal-nc:
  : Normal-NC support for vfio-pci @ stage-2, courtesy of Ankit Agrawal
  :
  : KVM's policy to date has been that any and all MMIO mapping at stage-2
  : is treated as Device-nGnRE. This is primarily done due to concerns of
  : the guest triggering uncontainable failures in the system if they manage
  : to tickle the device / memory system the wrong way, though this is
  : unnecessarily restrictive for devices that can be reasoned as 'safe'.
  :
  : Unsurprisingly, the Device-* mapping can really hurt the performance of
  : assigned devices that can handle Gathering, and can be an outright
  : correctness issue if the guest driver does unaligned accesses.
  :
  : Rather than opening the floodgates to the full ecosystem of devices that
  : can be exposed to VMs, take the conservative approach and allow PCI
  : devices to be mapped as Normal-NC since it has been determined to be
  : 'safe'.
  vfio: Convey kvm that the vfio-pci device is wc safe
  KVM: arm64: Set io memory s2 pte as normalnc for vfio pci device
  mm: Introduce new flag to indicate wc safe
  KVM: arm64: Introduce new flag for non-cacheable IO memory
Signed-off-by: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>

arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_pgtable.h

@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ enum kvm_pgtable_stage2_flags {
  * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_W:		Write permission.
  * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_R:		Read permission.
  * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE:	Device attributes.
+ * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC:	Normal noncacheable attributes.
  * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_SW0:	Software bit 0.
  * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_SW1:	Software bit 1.
  * @KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_SW2:	Software bit 2.
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ enum kvm_pgtable_prot {
 	KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_R			= BIT(2),
 
 	KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE			= BIT(3),
+	KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC		= BIT(4),
 
 	KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_SW0			= BIT(55),
 	KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_SW1			= BIT(56),

arch/arm64/include/asm/memory.h

@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@
  * Memory types for Stage-2 translation
  */
 #define MT_S2_NORMAL		0xf
+#define MT_S2_NORMAL_NC		0x5
 #define MT_S2_DEVICE_nGnRE	0x1
 
 /*
@@ -180,6 +181,7 @@
  * Stage-2 enforces Normal-WB and Device-nGnRE
  */
 #define MT_S2_FWB_NORMAL	6
+#define MT_S2_FWB_NORMAL_NC	5
 #define MT_S2_FWB_DEVICE_nGnRE	1
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_4K_PAGES

arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/pgtable.c

@@ -717,15 +717,29 @@ void kvm_tlb_flush_vmid_range(struct kvm_s2_mmu *mmu,
 static int stage2_set_prot_attr(struct kvm_pgtable *pgt, enum kvm_pgtable_prot prot,
 				kvm_pte_t *ptep)
 {
-	bool device = prot & KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE;
-	kvm_pte_t attr = device ? KVM_S2_MEMATTR(pgt, DEVICE_nGnRE) :
-			    KVM_S2_MEMATTR(pgt, NORMAL);
+	kvm_pte_t attr;
 	u32 sh = KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_SH_IS;
 
+	switch (prot & (KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE |
+			KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC)) {
+	case KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE | KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	case KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE:
+		if (prot & KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_X)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		attr = KVM_S2_MEMATTR(pgt, DEVICE_nGnRE);
+		break;
+	case KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC:
+		if (prot & KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_X)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		attr = KVM_S2_MEMATTR(pgt, NORMAL_NC);
+		break;
+	default:
+		attr = KVM_S2_MEMATTR(pgt, NORMAL);
+	}
+
 	if (!(prot & KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_X))
 		attr |= KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_HI_S2_XN;
-	else if (device)
-		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (prot & KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_R)
 		attr |= KVM_PTE_LEAF_ATTR_LO_S2_S2AP_R;

arch/arm64/kvm/mmu.c

@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ static int user_mem_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, phys_addr_t fault_ipa,
 	int ret = 0;
 	bool write_fault, writable, force_pte = false;
 	bool exec_fault, mte_allowed;
-	bool device = false;
+	bool device = false, vfio_allow_any_uc = false;
 	unsigned long mmu_seq;
 	struct kvm *kvm = vcpu->kvm;
 	struct kvm_mmu_memory_cache *memcache = &vcpu->arch.mmu_page_cache;
@@ -1472,6 +1472,8 @@ static int user_mem_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, phys_addr_t fault_ipa,
 	gfn = fault_ipa >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	mte_allowed = kvm_vma_mte_allowed(vma);
 
+	vfio_allow_any_uc = vma->vm_flags & VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED;
+
 	/* Don't use the VMA after the unlock -- it may have vanished */
 	vma = NULL;
 
@@ -1557,10 +1559,14 @@ static int user_mem_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, phys_addr_t fault_ipa,
 	if (exec_fault)
 		prot |= KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_X;
 
-	if (device)
-		prot |= KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE;
-	else if (cpus_have_final_cap(ARM64_HAS_CACHE_DIC))
+	if (device) {
+		if (vfio_allow_any_uc)
+			prot |= KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_NORMAL_NC;
+		else
+			prot |= KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_DEVICE;
+	} else if (cpus_have_final_cap(ARM64_HAS_CACHE_DIC)) {
 		prot |= KVM_PGTABLE_PROT_X;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Under the premise of getting a FSC_PERM fault, we just need to relax

drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c

@@ -1862,8 +1862,25 @@ int vfio_pci_core_mmap(struct vfio_device *core_vdev, struct vm_area_struct *vma
 	/*
 	 * See remap_pfn_range(), called from vfio_pci_fault() but we can't
 	 * change vm_flags within the fault handler.  Set them now.
+	 *
+	 * VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED: The VMA flag is implemented for ARM64,
+	 * allowing KVM stage 2 device mapping attributes to use Normal-NC
+	 * rather than DEVICE_nGnRE, which allows guest mappings
+	 * supporting write-combining attributes (WC). ARM does not
+	 * architecturally guarantee this is safe, and indeed some MMIO
+	 * regions like the GICv2 VCPU interface can trigger uncontained
+	 * faults if Normal-NC is used.
+	 *
+	 * To safely use VFIO in KVM the platform must guarantee full
+	 * safety in the guest where no action taken against a MMIO
+	 * mapping can trigger an uncontained failure. The assumption is
+	 * that most VFIO PCI platforms support this for both mapping types,
+	 * at least in common flows, based on some expectations of how
+	 * PCI IP is integrated. Hence VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED is set in
+	 * the VMA flags.
 	 */
-	vm_flags_set(vma, VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP);
+	vm_flags_set(vma, VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED | VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP |
+			VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP);
 	vma->vm_ops = &vfio_pci_mmap_ops;
 
 	return 0;

include/linux/mm.h

@@ -391,6 +391,20 @@ extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
 # define VM_UFFD_MINOR		VM_NONE
 #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_MINOR */
 
+/*
+ * This flag is used to connect VFIO to arch specific KVM code. It
+ * indicates that the memory under this VMA is safe for use with any
+ * non-cachable memory type inside KVM. Some VFIO devices, on some
+ * platforms, are thought to be unsafe and can cause machine crashes
+ * if KVM does not lock down the memory type.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+#define VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED_BIT	39
+#define VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED		BIT(VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED_BIT)
+#else
+#define VM_ALLOW_ANY_UNCACHED		VM_NONE
+#endif
+
 /* Bits set in the VMA until the stack is in its final location */
 #define VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP (VM_RAND_READ | VM_SEQ_READ | VM_STACK_EARLY)