badblocks: add helper routines for badblock ranges handling

This patch adds several helper routines to improve badblock ranges
handling. These helper routines will be used later in the improved
version of badblocks_set()/badblocks_clear()/badblocks_check().

- Helpers prev_by_hint() and prev_badblocks() are used to find the bad
  range from bad table which the searching range starts at or after.

- The following helpers are to decide the relative layout between the
  manipulating range and existing bad block range from bad table.
  - can_merge_behind()
    Return 'true' if the manipulating range can backward merge with the
    bad block range.
  - can_merge_front()
    Return 'true' if the manipulating range can forward merge with the
    bad block range.
  - can_combine_front()
    Return 'true' if two adjacent bad block ranges before the
    manipulating range can be merged.
  - overlap_front()
    Return 'true' if the manipulating range exactly overlaps with the
    bad block range in front of its range.
  - overlap_behind()
    Return 'true' if the manipulating range exactly overlaps with the
    bad block range behind its range.
  - can_front_overwrite()
    Return 'true' if the manipulating range can forward overwrite the
    bad block range in front of its range.

- The following helpers are to add the manipulating range into the bad
  block table. Different routine is called with the specific relative
  layout between the manipulating range and other bad block range in the
  bad block table.
  - behind_merge()
    Merge the manipulating range with the bad block range behind its
    range, and return the number of merged length in unit of sector.
  - front_merge()
    Merge the manipulating range with the bad block range in front of
    its range, and return the number of merged length in unit of sector.
  - front_combine()
    Combine the two adjacent bad block ranges before the manipulating
    range into a larger one.
  - front_overwrite()
    Overwrite partial of whole bad block range which is in front of the
    manipulating range. The overwrite may split existing bad block range
    and generate more bad block ranges into the bad block table.
  - insert_at()
    Insert the manipulating range at a specific location in the bad
    block table.

All the above helpers are used in later patches to improve the bad block
ranges handling for badblocks_set()/badblocks_clear()/badblocks_check().
Signed-off-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Geliang Tang <geliang.tang@suse.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Vishal L Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Cc: Xiao Ni <xni@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Xiao Ni <xni@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Geliang Tang <geliang.tang@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230811170513.2300-3-colyli@suse.deSigned-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>