nilfs2: fix use-after-free of nilfs_root in dirtying inodes via iput

During unmount process of nilfs2, nothing holds nilfs_root structure after
nilfs2 detaches its writer in nilfs_detach_log_writer().  Previously,
nilfs_evict_inode() could cause use-after-free read for nilfs_root if
inodes are left in "garbage_list" and released by nilfs_dispose_list at
the end of nilfs_detach_log_writer(), and this bug was fixed by commit
9b5a04ac ("nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root in
nilfs_evict_inode()").

However, it turned out that there is another possibility of UAF in the
call path where mark_inode_dirty_sync() is called from iput():

nilfs_detach_log_writer()
  nilfs_dispose_list()
    iput()
      mark_inode_dirty_sync()
        __mark_inode_dirty()
          nilfs_dirty_inode()
            __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty()
              nilfs_load_inode_block() --> causes UAF of nilfs_root struct

This can happen after commit 0ae45f63 ("vfs: add support for a
lazytime mount option"), which changed iput() to call
mark_inode_dirty_sync() on its final reference if i_state has I_DIRTY_TIME
flag and i_nlink is non-zero.

This issue appears after commit 28a65b49 ("nilfs2: do not write dirty
data after degenerating to read-only") when using the syzbot reproducer,
but the issue has potentially existed before.

Fix this issue by adding a "purging flag" to the nilfs structure, setting
that flag while disposing the "garbage_list" and checking it in
__nilfs_mark_inode_dirty().

Unlike commit 9b5a04ac ("nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root
in nilfs_evict_inode()"), this patch does not rely on ns_writer to
determine whether to skip operations, so as not to break recovery on
mount.  The nilfs_salvage_orphan_logs routine dirties the buffer of
salvaged data before attaching the log writer, so changing
__nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() to skip the operation when ns_writer is NULL
will cause recovery write to fail.  The purpose of using the cleanup-only
flag is to allow for narrowing of such conditions.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230728191318.33047-1-konishi.ryusuke@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+74db8b3087f293d3a13a@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/000000000000b4e906060113fd63@google.com
Fixes: 0ae45f63 ("vfs: add support for a lazytime mount option")
Tested-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.0+
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

fs/nilfs2/inode.c

@@ -1101,9 +1101,17 @@ int nilfs_set_file_dirty(struct inode *inode, unsigned int nr_dirty)
 
 int __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
 {
+	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
 	struct buffer_head *ibh;
 	int err;
 
+	/*
+	 * Do not dirty inodes after the log writer has been detached
+	 * and its nilfs_root struct has been freed.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(nilfs_purging(nilfs)))
+		return 0;
+
 	err = nilfs_load_inode_block(inode, &ibh);
 	if (unlikely(err)) {
 		nilfs_warn(inode->i_sb,

fs/nilfs2/segment.c

@@ -2845,6 +2845,7 @@ void nilfs_detach_log_writer(struct super_block *sb)
 		nilfs_segctor_destroy(nilfs->ns_writer);
 		nilfs->ns_writer = NULL;
 	}
+	set_nilfs_purging(nilfs);
 
 	/* Force to free the list of dirty files */
 	spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
@@ -2857,4 +2858,5 @@ void nilfs_detach_log_writer(struct super_block *sb)
 	up_write(&nilfs->ns_segctor_sem);
 
 	nilfs_dispose_list(nilfs, &garbage_list, 1);
+	clear_nilfs_purging(nilfs);
 }

fs/nilfs2/the_nilfs.h

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ enum {
 	THE_NILFS_DISCONTINUED,	/* 'next' pointer chain has broken */
 	THE_NILFS_GC_RUNNING,	/* gc process is running */
 	THE_NILFS_SB_DIRTY,	/* super block is dirty */
+	THE_NILFS_PURGING,	/* disposing dirty files for cleanup */
 };
 
 /**
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ THE_NILFS_FNS(INIT, init)
 THE_NILFS_FNS(DISCONTINUED, discontinued)
 THE_NILFS_FNS(GC_RUNNING, gc_running)
 THE_NILFS_FNS(SB_DIRTY, sb_dirty)
+THE_NILFS_FNS(PURGING, purging)
 
 /*
  * Mount option operations