When run test case:
  mdadm -CR /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 4 /dev/sd[a-d] --assume-clean --bitmap=internal
  mdadm -S /dev/md1
  mdadm -A /dev/md1 /dev/sd[b-c] --run --force

  mdadm --zero /dev/sda
  mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/sda

  echo offline > /sys/block/sdc/device/state
  echo offline > /sys/block/sdb/device/state
  sleep 5
  mdadm -S /dev/md1

  echo running > /sys/block/sdb/device/state
  echo running > /sys/block/sdc/device/state
  mdadm -A /dev/md1 /dev/sd[a-c] --run --force

mdadm run fail with kernel message as follow:
[  172.986064] md: kicking non-fresh sdb from array!
[  173.004210] md: kicking non-fresh sdc from array!
[  173.022383] md/raid1:md1: active with 0 out of 4 mirrors
[  173.022406] md1: failed to create bitmap (-5)

In fact, when active disk in raid1 array less than one, we
need to return fail in raid1_run().
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Yufen Yu <yuyufen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>

Currently md raid0/linear are not provided with any mechanism to validate
if an array member got removed or failed. The driver keeps sending BIOs
regardless of the state of array members, and kernel shows state 'clean'
in the 'array_state' sysfs attribute. This leads to the following
situation: if a raid0/linear array member is removed and the array is
mounted, some user writing to this array won't realize that errors are
happening unless they check dmesg or perform one fsync per written file.
Despite udev signaling the member device is gone, 'mdadm' cannot issue the
STOP_ARRAY ioctl successfully, given the array is mounted.

In other words, no -EIO is returned and writes (except direct ones) appear
normal. Meaning the user might think the wrote data is correctly stored in
the array, but instead garbage was written given that raid0 does stripping
(and so, it requires all its members to be working in order to not corrupt
data). For md/linear, writes to the available members will work fine, but
if the writes go to the missing member(s), it'll cause a file corruption
situation, whereas the portion of the writes to the missing devices aren't
written effectively.

This patch changes this behavior: we check if the block device's gendisk
is UP when submitting the BIO to the array member, and if it isn't, we flag
the md device as MD_BROKEN and fail subsequent I/Os to that device; a read
request to the array requiring data from a valid member is still completed.
While flagging the device as MD_BROKEN, we also show a rate-limited warning
in the kernel log.

A new array state 'broken' was added too: it mimics the state 'clean' in
every aspect, being useful only to distinguish if the array has some member
missing. We rely on the MD_BROKEN flag to put the array in the 'broken'
state. This state cannot be written in 'array_state' as it just shows
one or more members of the array are missing but acts like 'clean', it
wouldn't make sense to write it.

With this patch, the filesystem reacts much faster to the event of missing
array member: after some I/O errors, ext4 for instance aborts the journal
and prevents corruption. Without this change, we're able to keep writing
in the disk and after a machine reboot, e2fsck shows some severe fs errors
that demand fixing. This patch was tested in ext4 and xfs filesystems, and
requires a 'mdadm' counterpart to handle the 'broken' state.

Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>

The race was when a thread using closure_sync() notices cl->s->done == 1
before the thread calling closure_put() calls wake_up_process(). Then,
it's possible for that thread to return and exit just before
wake_up_process() is called - so we're trying to wake up a process that
no longer exists.

rcu_read_lock() is sufficient to protect against this, as there's an rcu
barrier somewhere in the process teardown path.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

The copy_to_user() function returns the number of bytes remaining to be
copied, but the intention here was to return -EFAULT if the copy fails.

Fixes: cafe5635 ("bcache: A block layer cache")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Read /sys/fs/bcache/<uuid>/cacheN/priority_stats can take very long
time with huge cache after long run.
Signed-off-by: Shile Zhang <shile.zhang@linux.alibaba.com>
Tested-by: Heitor Alves de Siqueira <halves@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This argument was not being considered since blk-mq was set by default,
so removed this documentation to avoid confusion.
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@gmail.com>

.txt file is now .rst
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This argument was ignored since blk-mq was set as default, so remove it
from documentation.
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@gmail.com>

.txt file is now .rst
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Since the inclusion of blk-mq, elevator argument was not being
considered anymore, and it's utility died long with the legacy IO path,
now removed too.
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@gmail.com>

Fold with doc removal patch.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Commit 7211aef8 ("block: mq-deadline: Fix write completion
handling") added a call to blk_mq_sched_mark_restart_hctx() in
dd_dispatch_request() to make sure that write request dispatching does
not stall when all target zones are locked. This fix left a subtle race
when a write completion happens during a dispatch execution on another
CPU:

CPU 0: Dispatch			CPU1: write completion

dd_dispatch_request()
    lock(&dd->lock);
    ...
    lock(&dd->zone_lock);	dd_finish_request()
    rq = find request		lock(&dd->zone_lock);
    unlock(&dd->zone_lock);
    				zone write unlock
				unlock(&dd->zone_lock);
				...
				__blk_mq_free_request
                                      check restart flag (not set)
				      -> queue not run
    ...
    if (!rq && have writes)
        blk_mq_sched_mark_restart_hctx()
    unlock(&dd->lock)

Since the dispatch context finishes after the write request completion
handling, marking the queue as needing a restart is not seen from
__blk_mq_free_request() and blk_mq_sched_restart() not executed leading
to the dispatch stall under 100% write workloads.

Fix this by moving the call to blk_mq_sched_mark_restart_hctx() from
dd_dispatch_request() into dd_finish_request() under the zone lock to
ensure full mutual exclusion between write request dispatch selection
and zone unlock on write request completion.

Fixes: 7211aef8 ("block: mq-deadline: Fix write completion handling")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Hans Holmberg <Hans.Holmberg@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

page->mapping may encode different values in it and page_mapping()
should always be used to access the mapping pointer.
track_foreign_dirty tracepoint was incorrectly accessing page->mapping
directly.  Use page_mapping() instead.  Also, add NULL checks while at
it.

Fixes: 3a8e9ac8 ("writeback: add tracepoints for cgroup foreign writebacks")
Reported-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull NVMe changes from Sagi:

"The nvme updates include:
 - ana log parse fix from Anton
 - nvme quirks support for Apple devices from Ben
 - fix missing bio completion tracing for multipath stack devices from
   Hannes and Mikhail
 - IP TOS settings for nvme rdma and tcp transports from Israel
 - rq_dma_dir cleanups from Israel
 - tracing for Get LBA Status command from Minwoo
 - Some nvme-tcp cleanups from Minwoo, Potnuri and Myself
 - Some consolidation between the fabrics transports for handling the CAP
   register
 - reset race with ns scanning fix for fabrics (move fabrics commands to
   a dedicated request queue with a different lifetime from the admin
   request queue)."

* 'nvme-5.4' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme: (30 commits)
  nvme-rdma: Use rq_dma_dir macro
  nvme-fc: Use rq_dma_dir macro
  nvme-pci: Tidy up nvme_unmap_data
  nvme: make fabrics command run on a separate request queue
  nvme-pci: Support shared tags across queues for Apple 2018 controllers
  nvme-pci: Add support for Apple 2018+ models
  nvme-pci: Add support for variable IO SQ element size
  nvme-pci: Pass the queue to SQ_SIZE/CQ_SIZE macros
  nvme: trace bio completion
  nvme-multipath: fix ana log nsid lookup when nsid is not found
  nvmet-tcp: Add TOS for tcp transport
  nvme-tcp: Add TOS for tcp transport
  nvme-tcp: Use struct nvme_ctrl directly
  nvme-rdma: Add TOS for rdma transport
  nvme-fabrics: Add type of service (TOS) configuration
  nvmet-tcp: fix possible memory leak
  nvmet-tcp: fix possible NULL deref
  nvmet: trace: parse Get LBA Status command in detail
  nvme: trace: parse Get LBA Status command in detail
  nvme: trace: support for Get LBA Status opcode parsed
  ...

cgroup foreign inode handling has quite a bit of heuristics and
internal states which sometimes makes it difficult to understand
what's going on.  Add tracepoints to improve visibility.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

ioc_cpd_alloc() forgot to check NULL return from kzalloc().  Add it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Remove code duplication.
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Remove code duplication.
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: James Smart <james.smart@broadcom.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Remove pointless local variable and use rq_dma_dir macro.
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

We have a fundamental issue that fabric commands use the admin_q.
The reason is, that admin-connect, register reads and writes and
admin commands cannot be guaranteed ordering while we are running
controller resets.

For example, when we reset a controller we perform:
1. disable the controller
2. teardown the admin queue
3. re-establish the admin queue
4. enable the controller

In order to perform (3), we need to unquiesce the admin queue, however
we may have some admin commands that are already pending on the
quiesced admin_q and will immediate execute when we unquiesce it before
we execute (4). The host must not send admin commands to the controller
before enabling the controller.

To fix this, we have the fabric commands (admin connect and property
get/set, but not I/O queue connect) use a separate fabrics_q and make
sure to quiesce the admin_q before we disable the controller, and
unquiesce it only after we enable the controller.

This fixes the error prints from nvmet in a controller reset storm test:
kernel: nvmet: got cmd 6 while CC.EN == 0 on qid = 0
Which indicate that the host is sending an admin command when the
controller is not enabled.
Reviewed-by: James Smart <james.smart@broadcom.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Another issue with the Apple T2 based 2018 controllers seem to be
that they blow up (and shut the machine down) if there's a tag
collision between the IO queue and the Admin queue.

My suspicion is that they use our tags for their internal tracking
and don't mix them with the queue id. They also seem to not like
when tags go beyond the IO queue depth, ie 128 tags.

This adds a quirk that marks tags 0..31 of the IO queue reserved
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Based on reverse engineering and original patch by

Paul Pawlowski <paul@mrarm.io>

This adds support for Apple weird implementation of NVME in their
2018 or later machines. It accounts for the twice-as-big SQ entries
for the IO queues, and the fact that only interrupt vector 0 appears
to function properly.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

The size of a submission queue element should always be 6 (64 bytes)
by spec.

However some controllers such as Apple's are not properly implementing
the standard and require a different size.

This provides the ground work for the subsequent quirks for these
controllers.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

This will make it easier to handle variable queue entry sizes
later. No functional change.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

When native multipathing is enabled we cannot enable blktrace for
the underlying paths, so any completion is never traced.
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
[fixed-up by Mikhail for non-multipath-build]
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Skorzhinskii <mskorzhinskiy@solarflare.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

ANA log parsing invokes nvme_update_ana_state() per ANA group desc.
This updates the state of namespaces with nsids in desc->nsids[].

Both ctrl->namespaces list and desc->nsids[] array are sorted by nsid.
Hence nvme_update_ana_state() performs a single walk over ctrl->namespaces:
- if current namespace matches the current desc->nsids[n],
  this namespace is updated, and n is incremented.
- the process stops when it encounters the end of either
  ctrl->namespaces end or desc->nsids[]

In case desc->nsids[n] does not match any of ctrl->namespaces,
the remaining nsids following desc->nsids[n] will not be updated.
Such situation was considered abnormal and generated WARN_ON_ONCE.

However ANA log MAY contain nsids not (yet) found in ctrl->namespaces.
For example, lets consider the following scenario:
- nvme0 exposes namespaces with nsids = [2, 3] to the host
- a new namespace nsid = 1 is added dynamically
- also, a ANA topology change is triggered
- NS_CHANGED aen is generated and triggers scan_work
- before scan_work discovers nsid=1 and creates a namespace, a NOTICE_ANA
  aen was issues and ana_work receives ANA log with nsids=[1, 2, 3]

Result: ana_work fails to update ANA state on existing namespaces [2, 3]

Solution:
Change the way nvme_update_ana_state() namespace list walk
checks the current namespace against desc->nsids[n] as follows:
a) ns->head->ns_id < desc->nsids[n]: keep walking ctrl->namespaces.
b) ns->head->ns_id == desc->nsids[n]: match, update the namespace
c) ns->head->ns_id >= desc->nsids[n]: skip to desc->nsids[n+1]

This enables correct operation in the scenario described above.
This also allows ANA log to contain nsids currently invisible
to the host, i.e. inactive nsids.
Signed-off-by: Anton Eidelman <anton@lightbitslabs.com>
Reviewed-by: James Smart <james.smart@broadcom.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Set the outgoing packets type of service (TOS) according to the
receiving TOS.
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Suggested-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

TOS provide clients the ability to segregate traffic flows for
different type of data.
One of the TOS usage is bandwidth management which allows setting bandwidth
limits for QoS classes, e.g. 80% bandwidth to controllers at QoS class A
and 20% to controllers at QoS class B.

usage examples:
nvme connect --tos=0 --transport=tcp --traddr=10.0.1.1 --nqn=test-nvme
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

This patch doesn't change any functionality.
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

For RDMA transports, TOS is an extension of IB QoS to provide clients
the ability to segregate traffic flows for different type of data.
RDMA CM abstract it for ULPs using rdma_set_service_type().
Internally, each traffic flow is represented by a connection with all of
its independent resources like that of a normal connection, and is
differentiated by service type. In other words, there can be multiple qp
connections between an IP pair and each supports a unique service type.

One of the TOS usage is bandwidth management which allows setting bandwidth
limits for QoS classes, e.g. 80% bandwidth to controllers at QoS class A
and 20% to controllers at QoS class B.

Note: In addition to the TOS configuration, QOS must be configured on the
relevant HCA on the target (send RDMA commands) and initiator to effect
the traffic.

usage examples:
nvme connect --tos=0 --transport=rdma --traddr=10.0.1.1 --nqn=test-nvme
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

TOS is user-defined and needs to be configured via nvme-cli.
It must be set before initiating any traffic and once set the TOS
cannot be changed.
Signed-off-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

when we uninit a command in error flow we also need to
free an iovec if it was allocated.
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

We must only call sgl_free for sgl that we actually
allocated.
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Four different fields are in CDWs of Get LBA Status command which means
it would be great if we can see in detail when tracing in target side
also.
Signed-off-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Four different fields are in CDWs of Get LBA Status command which means
it would be great if we can see in detail when tracing.
Signed-off-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

This patch adds Get LBA Status command's opcode to the macro that is
used by the trace feature.  Now we can see "get_lba_status" instead of
the opcode value itself.
Signed-off-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

NVMe 1.4 added Get LBA Status command with opcode 0x86.
Signed-off-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

In nvme spec 1.3 there is a definition for data write/read counters
from SMART log, (See section 5.14.1.2):
	This value is reported in thousands (i.e., a value of 1
	corresponds to 1000 units of 512 bytes read) and is rounded up.

However, in nvme target where value is reported with actual units,
but not thousands of units as the spec requires.
Signed-off-by: Tom Wu <tomwu@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Israel Rukshin <israelr@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Gurtovoy <maxg@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Simple polling support via socket busy_poll interface.
Although we do not shutdown interrupts but simply hammer
the socket poll, we can sometimes find completions faster
than the normal interrupt driven RX path.

We add per queue nr_cqe counter that resets every time
RX path is invoked such that .poll callback can return it
to stay consistent with the semantics.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

The tcp host module is now taking those APIs from crypto ahash:
	(1) crypto_ahash_final()
	(2) crypto_ahash_digest()
	(3) crypto_alloc_ahash()

nvme-tcp should depends on CRYPTO_CRC32C.

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

All seem to call it with ctrl->cap so no need to pass it
at all.
Reviewed-by: Minwoo Im <minwoo.im.dev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

nvme_enable_ctrl reads the cap register right after, so
no need to do that locally in the transport driver. Have
sqsize setting in nvme_init_identify.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Align with what the rest of the transports are doing.
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>