- 16 Apr, 2024 12 commits
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-iunlink-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: online fsck of iunlink buckets This series enhances the AGI scrub code to check the unlinked inode bucket lists for errors, and fixes them if necessary. Now that iunlink pointer updates are virtual log items, we can batch updates pretty efficiently in the logging code. Signed-off-by:
Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Chandan Babu R <chandanbabu@kernel.org> * tag 'repair-iunlink-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux: xfs: repair AGI unlinked inode bucket lists xfs: hoist AGI repair context to a heap object xfs: check AGI unlinked inode buckets
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-symlink-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: online repair of symbolic links The patches in this set adds the ability to repair the target buffer of a symbolic link, using the same salvage, rebuild, and swap strategy used everywhere else. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-orphanage-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: move orphan files to lost and found Orphaned files are defined to be files with nonzero ondisk link count but no observable parent directory. This series enables online repair to reparent orphaned files into the filesystem directory tree, and wires up this reparenting ability into the directory, file link count, and parent pointer repair functions. This is how we fix files with positive link count that are not reachable through the directory tree. This patch will also create the orphanage directory (lost+found) if it is not present. In contrast to xfs_repair, we follow e2fsck in creating the lost+found without group or other-owner access to avoid accidental disclosure of files that were previously hidden by an 0700 directory. That's silly security, but people have been known to do it. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-dirs-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: online repair of directories This series employs atomic extent swapping to enable safe reconstruction of directory data. For now, XFS does not support reverse directory links (aka parent pointers), so we can only salvage the dirents of a directory and construct a new structure. Directory repair therefore consists of five main parts: First, we walk the existing directory to salvage as many entries as we can, by adding them as new directory entries to the repair temp dir. Second, we validate the parent pointer found in the directory. If one was not found, we scan the entire filesystem looking for a potential parent. Third, we use atomic extent swaps to exchange the entire data fork between the two directories. Fourth, we reap the old directory blocks as carefully as we can. To wrap up the directory repair code, we need to add to the regular filesystem the ability to free all the data fork blocks in a directory. This does not change anything with normal directories, since they must still unlink and shrink one entry at a time. However, this will facilitate freeing of partially-inactivated temporary directories during log recovery. The second half of this patchset implements repairs for the dotdot entries of directories. For now there is only rudimentary support for this, because there are no directory parent pointers, so the best we can do is scanning the filesystem and the VFS dcache for answers. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-unlinked-inode-state-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: online repair of inode unlinked state This series adds some logic to the inode scrubbers so that they can detect and deal with consistency errors between the link count and the per-inode unlinked list state. The helpers needed to do this are presented here because they are a prequisite for rebuildng directories, since we need to get a rebuilt non-empty directory off the unlinked list. Note that this patchset does not provide comprehensive reconstruction of the AGI unlinked list; that is coming in a subsequent patchset. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-xattrs-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: online repair of extended attributes This series employs atomic extent swapping to enable safe reconstruction of extended attribute data attached to a file. Because xattrs do not have any redundant information to draw off of, we can at best salvage as much data as we can and build a new structure. Rebuilding an extended attribute structure consists of these three steps: First, we walk the existing attributes to salvage as many of them as we can, by adding them as new attributes attached to the repair tempfile. We need to add a new xfile-based data structure to hold blobs of arbitrary length to stage the xattr names and values. Second, we write the salvaged attributes to a temporary file, and use atomic extent swaps to exchange the entire attribute fork between the two files. Finally, we reap the old xattr blocks (which are now in the temporary file) as carefully as we can. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'dirattr-validate-owners-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: set and validate dir/attr block owners There are a couple of significant changes that need to be made to the directory and xattr code before we can support online repairs of those data structures. The first change is because online repair is designed to use libxfs to create a replacement dir/xattr structure in a temporary file, and use atomic extent swapping to commit the corrected structure. To avoid the performance hit of walking every block of the new structure to rewrite the owner number before the swap, we instead change libxfs to allow callers of the dir and xattr code the ability to set an explicit owner number to be written into the header fields of any new blocks that are created. For regular operation this will be the directory inode number. The second change is to update the dir/xattr code to actually *check* the owner number in each block that is read off the disk, since we don't currently do that. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-rtsummary-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: online repair of realtime summaries We now have all the infrastructure we need to repair file metadata. We'll begin with the realtime summary file, because it is the least complex data structure. To support this we need to add three more pieces to the temporary file code from the previous patchset -- preallocating space in the temp file, formatting metadata into that space and writing the blocks to disk, and swapping the fork mappings atomically. After that, the actual reconstruction of the realtime summary information is pretty simple, since we can simply write the incore copy computed by the rtsummary scrubber to the temporary file, swap the contents, and reap the old blocks. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'repair-tempfiles-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: create temporary files for online repair As mentioned earlier, the repair strategy for file-based metadata is to build a new copy in a temporary file and swap the file fork mappings with the metadata inode. We've built the atomic extent swap facility, so now we need to build a facility for handling private temporary files. The first step is to teach the filesystem to ignore the temporary files. We'll mark them as PRIVATE in the VFS so that the kernel security modules will leave it alone. The second step is to add the online repair code the ability to create a temporary file and reap extents from the temporary file after the extent swap. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'atomic-file-updates-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: atomic file content exchanges This series creates a new XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE ioctl to exchange ranges of bytes between two files atomically. This new functionality enables data storage programs to stage and commit file updates such that reader programs will see either the old contents or the new contents in their entirety, with no chance of torn writes. A successful call completion guarantees that the new contents will be seen even if the system fails. The ability to exchange file fork mappings between files in this manner is critical to supporting online filesystem repair, which is built upon the strategy of constructing a clean copy of a damaged structure and committing the new structure into the metadata file atomically. The ioctls exist to facilitate testing of the new functionality and to enable future application program designs. User programs will be able to update files atomically by opening an O_TMPFILE, reflinking the source file to it, making whatever updates they want to make, and exchange the relevant ranges of the temp file with the original file. If the updates are aligned with the file block size, a new (since v2) flag provides for exchanging only the written areas. Note that application software must quiesce writes to the file while it stages an atomic update. This will be addressed by a subsequent series. This mechanism solves the clunkiness of two existing atomic file update mechanisms: for O_TRUNC + rewrite, this eliminates the brief period where other programs can see an empty file. For create tempfile + rename, the need to copy file attributes and extended attributes for each file update is eliminated. However, this method introduces its own awkwardness -- any program initiating an exchange now needs to have a way to signal to other programs that the file contents have changed. For file access mediated via read and write, fanotify or inotify are probably sufficient. For mmaped files, that may not be fast enough. Here is the proposed manual page: IOCTL-XFS-EXCHANGE-RANGE(2System Calls ManuIOCTL-XFS-EXCHANGE-RANGE(2) NAME ioctl_xfs_exchange_range - exchange the contents of parts of two files SYNOPSIS #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <xfs/xfs_fs.h> int ioctl(int file2_fd, XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE, struct xfs_ex‐ change_range *arg); DESCRIPTION Given a range of bytes in a first file file1_fd and a second range of bytes in a second file file2_fd, this ioctl(2) ex‐ changes the contents of the two ranges. Exchanges are atomic with regards to concurrent file opera‐ tions. Implementations must guarantee that readers see either the old contents or the new contents in their entirety, even if the system fails. The system call parameters are conveyed in structures of the following form: struct xfs_exchange_range { __s32 file1_fd; __u32 pad; __u64 file1_offset; __u64 file2_offset; __u64 length; __u64 flags; }; The field pad must be zero. The fields file1_fd, file1_offset, and length define the first range of bytes to be exchanged. The fields file2_fd, file2_offset, and length define the second range of bytes to be exchanged. Both files must be from the same filesystem mount. If the two file descriptors represent the same file, the byte ranges must not overlap. Most disk-based filesystems require that the starts of both ranges must be aligned to the file block size. If this is the case, the ends of the ranges must also be so aligned unless the XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_TO_EOF flag is set. The field flags control the behavior of the exchange operation. XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_TO_EOF Ignore the length parameter. All bytes in file1_fd from file1_offset to EOF are moved to file2_fd, and file2's size is set to (file2_offset+(file1_length- file1_offset)). Meanwhile, all bytes in file2 from file2_offset to EOF are moved to file1 and file1's size is set to (file1_offset+(file2_length- file2_offset)). XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_DSYNC Ensure that all modified in-core data in both file ranges and all metadata updates pertaining to the exchange operation are flushed to persistent storage before the call returns. Opening either file de‐ scriptor with O_SYNC or O_DSYNC will have the same effect. XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_FILE1_WRITTEN Only exchange sub-ranges of file1_fd that are known to contain data written by application software. Each sub-range may be expanded (both upwards and downwards) to align with the file allocation unit. For files on the data device, this is one filesystem block. For files on the realtime device, this is the realtime extent size. This facility can be used to implement fast atomic scatter-gather writes of any complexity for software-defined storage targets if all writes are aligned to the file allocation unit. XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_DRY_RUN Check the parameters and the feasibility of the op‐ eration, but do not change anything. RETURN VALUE On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the er‐ ror. ERRORS Error codes can be one of, but are not limited to, the follow‐ ing: EBADF file1_fd is not open for reading and writing or is open for append-only writes; or file2_fd is not open for reading and writing or is open for append-only writes. EINVAL The parameters are not correct for these files. This error can also appear if either file descriptor repre‐ sents a device, FIFO, or socket. Disk filesystems gen‐ erally require the offset and length arguments to be aligned to the fundamental block sizes of both files. EIO An I/O error occurred. EISDIR One of the files is a directory. ENOMEM The kernel was unable to allocate sufficient memory to perform the operation. ENOSPC There is not enough free space in the filesystem ex‐ change the contents safely. EOPNOTSUPP The filesystem does not support exchanging bytes between the two files. EPERM file1_fd or file2_fd are immutable. ETXTBSY One of the files is a swap file. EUCLEAN The filesystem is corrupt. EXDEV file1_fd and file2_fd are not on the same mounted filesystem. CONFORMING TO This API is XFS-specific. USE CASES Several use cases are imagined for this system call. In all cases, application software must coordinate updates to the file because the exchange is performed unconditionally. The first is a data storage program that wants to commit non- contiguous updates to a file atomically and coordinates write access to that file. This can be done by creating a temporary file, calling FICLONE(2) to share the contents, and staging the updates into the temporary file. The FULL_FILES flag is recom‐ mended for this purpose. The temporary file can be deleted or punched out afterwards. An example program might look like this: int fd = open("/some/file", O_RDWR); int temp_fd = open("/some", O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR); ioctl(temp_fd, FICLONE, fd); /* append 1MB of records */ lseek(temp_fd, 0, SEEK_END); write(temp_fd, data1, 1000000); /* update record index */ pwrite(temp_fd, data1, 600, 98765); pwrite(temp_fd, data2, 320, 54321); pwrite(temp_fd, data2, 15, 0); /* commit the entire update */ struct xfs_exchange_range args = { .file1_fd = temp_fd, .flags = XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_TO_EOF, }; ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE, &args); The second is a software-defined storage host (e.g. a disk jukebox) which implements an atomic scatter-gather write com‐ mand. Provided the exported disk's logical block size matches the file's allocation unit size, this can be done by creating a temporary file and writing the data at the appropriate offsets. It is recommended that the temporary file be truncated to the size of the regular file before any writes are staged to the temporary file to avoid issues with zeroing during EOF exten‐ sion. Use this call with the FILE1_WRITTEN flag to exchange only the file allocation units involved in the emulated de‐ vice's write command. The temporary file should be truncated or punched out completely before being reused to stage another write. An example program might look like this: int fd = open("/some/file", O_RDWR); int temp_fd = open("/some", O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR); struct stat sb; int blksz; fstat(fd, &sb); blksz = sb.st_blksize; /* land scatter gather writes between 100fsb and 500fsb */ pwrite(temp_fd, data1, blksz * 2, blksz * 100); pwrite(temp_fd, data2, blksz * 20, blksz * 480); pwrite(temp_fd, data3, blksz * 7, blksz * 257); /* commit the entire update */ struct xfs_exchange_range args = { .file1_fd = temp_fd, .file1_offset = blksz * 100, .file2_offset = blksz * 100, .length = blksz * 400, .flags = XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_FILE1_WRITTEN | XFS_EXCHANGE_RANGE_FILE1_DSYNC, }; ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_EXCHANGE_RANGE, &args); NOTES Some filesystems may limit the amount of data or the number of extents that can be exchanged in a single call. SEE ALSO ioctl(2) XFS 2024-02-10 IOCTL-XFS-EXCHANGE-RANGE(2) The reference implementation in XFS creates a new log incompat feature and log intent items to track high level progress of swapping ranges of two files and finish interrupted work if the system goes down. Sample code can be found in the corresponding changes to xfs_io to exercise the use case mentioned above. Note that this function is /not/ the O_DIRECT atomic untorn file writes concept that has also been floating around for years. It is also not the RWF_ATOMIC patchset that has been shared. This RFC is constructed entirely in software, which means that there are no limitations other than the general filesystem limits. As a side note, the original motivation behind the kernel functionality is online repair of file-based metadata. The atomic file content exchange is implemented as an atomic exchange of file fork mappings, which means that we can implement online reconstruction of extended attributes and directories by building a new one in another inode and exchanging the contents. Subsequent patchsets adapt the online filesystem repair code to use atomic file exchanges. This enables repair functions to construct a clean copy of a directory, xattr information, symbolic links, realtime bitmaps, and realtime summary information in a temporary inode. If this completes successfully, the new contents can be committed atomically into the inode being repaired. This is essential to avoid making corruption problems worse if the system goes down in the middle of running repair. For userspace, this series also includes the userspace pieces needed to test the new functionality, and a sample implementation of atomic file updates. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'file-exchange-refactorings-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: refactorings for atomic file content exchanges This series applies various cleanups and refactorings to file IO handling code ahead of the main series to implement atomic file content exchanges. Signed-off-by:
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Chandan Babu R authored
Merge tag 'log-incompat-permissions-6.10_2024-04-15' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djwong/xfs-linux into xfs-6.10-mergeA xfs: improve log incompat feature handling This patchset improves the performance of log incompat feature bit handling by making a few changes to how the filesystem handles them. First, we now only clear the bits during a clean unmount to reduce calls to the (expensive) upgrade function to once per bit per mount. Second, we now only allow incompat feature upgrades for sysadmins or if the sysadmin explicitly allows it via mount option. Currently the only log incompat user is logged xattrs, which requires CONFIG_XFS_DEBUG=y, so there should be no user visible impact to this change. Signed-off-by:
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- 15 Apr, 2024 28 commits
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Teach the AGI repair code to rebuild the unlinked buckets and lists. Signed-off-by:
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
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Darrick J. Wong authored
If a symbolic link target looks bad, try to sift through the rubble to find as much of the target buffer that we can, and stage a new target (short or remote format as needed) in a temporary file and use the atomic extent swapping mechanism to commit the results. In the worst case, we replace the target with an overly long filename that cannot possibly resolve. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Save ~460 bytes of stack space by moving all the repair context to a heap object. We're going to add even more context data in the next patch, which is why we really need to do this now. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Look for corruptions in the AGI unlinked bucket chains. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
When the orphanage adopts a file, that file becomes a child of the orphanage. The dentry cache may have entries for the orphanage directory and the name we've chosen, so (1) make sure we abort if the dcache has a positive entry because something's not right; and (2) invalidate and purge negative dentries if the adoption goes through. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Require callers of xfs_symlink_write_target to pass the owner number explicitly. This sets us up for online repair to be able to write a remote symlink target to sc->tempip with sc->ip's inumber in the block heaader. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
If we encounter an inode with a nonzero link count but zero observed links, move it to the orphanage. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Allow online repair to call xfs_bmap_local_to_extents and add a void * argument at the end so that online repair can pass its own context. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
It's possible that the dentry cache can tell us the parent of a directory. Therefore, when repairing directory dot dot entries, query the dcache as a last resort before scanning the entire filesystem. A reviewer asks: "How high is the chance that we actually have a valid dcache entry for a file in a corrupted directory?" There's a decent chance of this actually working. Say you have a 1000-block directory foo, and block 980 gets corrupted. Let's further suppose that block 0 has a correct entry for ".." and "bar". If someone accesses /mnt/foo/bar, that will cause the dcache to create a dentry from /mnt to /mnt/foo whose d_parent points back to /mnt. If you then want to rebuild the directory, XFS can obtain the parent from the dcache without needing to wander into parent pointers or scan the filesystem to find /mnt's connection to foo. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
When we're repairing a directory structure or fixing the dotdot entry of a subdirectory, it's possible that we won't ever find a parent for the subdirectory. When this is the case, move it to the orphanage, aka /lost+found. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Teach the online repair code to fix parent pointers for directories. For now, this means correcting the dotdot entry of an existing directory that is otherwise consistent. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Teach the online directory repair code to scan the filesystem so that we can set the dotdot entry when we're rebuilding a directory. This involves dropping ILOCK on the directory that we're repairing, which means that the VFS can sneak in and tell us to update dotdot at any time. Deal with these races by using a dirent hook to absorb dotdot updates, and be careful not to check the scan results until after we've retaken the ILOCK. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
When we're repairing the link counts of a file, we must ensure either that the file has zero link count and is on the unlinked list; or that it has nonzero link count and is not on the unlinked list. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
If a directory looks like it's in bad shape, try to sift through the rubble to find whatever directory entries we can, scan the directory tree for the parent (if needed), stage the new directory contents in a temporary file and use the atomic extent swapping mechanism to commit the results in bulk. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Teach inode inactivation to delete all the incore buffers backing a directory. In normal runtime this should never happen because the VFS forbids rmdir on a non-empty directory. In the next patch, online directory repair stands up a new directory, exchanges it with the broken directory, and then drops the private temporary directory. If we cancel the repair just prior to exchanging the directory contents, the new directory will need to be torn down. Note: If we commit the repair, reaping will take care of all the ondisk space allocations and incore buffers for the old corrupt directory. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Create a streamlined function to walk a file's xattrs, without all the cursor management stuff in the regular listxattr. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Now that we have the means to tell if an inode is on an unlinked inode list or not, we can check that an inode with zero link count is on the unlinked list; and an inode that has nonzero link count is not on that list. Make repair clean things up too. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Empty xattr leaf blocks at offset zero are a waste of space but otherwise harmless. If we encounter one, flag it as an opportunity for optimization. If we encounter empty attr leaf blocks anywhere else in the attr fork, that's corruption. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
If an attr block indicates that it could use compaction, set the preen flag to have the attr fork rebuilt, since the attr fork rebuilder can take care of that for us. Signed-off-by:
Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
If the extended attributes look bad, try to sift through the rubble to find whatever keys/values we can, stage a new attribute structure in a temporary file and use the atomic extent swapping mechanism to commit the results in bulk. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Build on the code that was recently added to the temporary repair file code so that we can atomically switch the contents of any file fork, even if the fork is in local format. The upcoming functions to repair xattrs, directories, and symlinks will need that capability. Repair can lock out access to these user files by holding IOLOCK_EXCL on these user files. Therefore, it is safe to drop the ILOCK of both the file being repaired and the tempfile being used for staging, and cancel the scrub transaction. We do this so that we can reuse the resource estimation and transaction allocation functions used by a regular file exchange operation. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Create a simple 'blob array' data structure for storage of arbitrarily sized metadata objects that will be used to reconstruct metadata. For the intended usage (temporarily storing extended attribute names and values) we only have to support storing objects and retrieving them. Use the xfile abstraction to store the attribute information in memory that can be swapped out. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Create a new xfile function to discard the page cache that's backing part of an xfile. The next patch wil use this to drop parts of an xfile that aren't needed anymore. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Port the existing directory freespace block header checking function to accept an owner number instead of an xfs_inode, then update the callsites to use xfs_da_args.owner when possible. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Port the existing directory block header checking function to accept an owner number instead of an xfs_inode, then update the callsites to use xfs_da_args.owner when possible. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Port the existing directory data header checking function to accept an owner number instead of an xfs_inode, then update the callsites to use xfs_da_args.owner when possible. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Check the owner field of directory leaf blocks. Signed-off-by:
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Darrick J. Wong authored
Check the owner field of dabtree node blocks. Signed-off-by:
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