The function dm_get_md finds a device mapper device with a given dev_t,
increases the reference count and returns the pointer.

dm_get_md calls dm_find_md, dm_find_md takes _minor_lock, finds the
device, tests that the device doesn't have DMF_DELETING or DMF_FREEING
flag, drops _minor_lock and returns pointer to the device. dm_get_md then
calls dm_get. dm_get calls BUG if the device has the DMF_FREEING flag,
otherwise it increments the reference count.

There is a possible race condition - after dm_find_md exits and before
dm_get is called, there are no locks held, so the device may disappear or
DMF_FREEING flag may be set, which results in BUG.

To fix this bug, we need to call dm_get while we hold _minor_lock. This
patch renames dm_find_md to dm_get_md and changes it so that it calls
dm_get while holding the lock.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Write requests are sorted in a red-black tree structure and are
submitted in the sorted order.

In theory the sorting should be performed by the underlying disk
scheduler, however, in practice the disk scheduler only accepts and
sorts a finite number of requests.  To allow the sorting of all
requests, dm-crypt needs to implement its own sorting.

The overhead associated with rbtree-based sorting is considered
negligible so it is not used conditionally.  Even on SSD sorting can be
beneficial since in-order request dispatch promotes lower latency IO
completion to the upper layers.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

Make it possible to disable offloading writes by setting the optional
'submit_from_crypt_cpus' table argument.

There are some situations where offloading write bios from the
encryption threads to a single thread degrades performance
significantly.

The default is to offload write bios to the same thread because it
benefits CFQ to have writes submitted using the same IO context.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

Submitting write bios directly in the encryption thread caused serious
performance degradation.  On a multiprocessor machine, encryption requests
finish in a different order than they were submitted.  Consequently, write
requests would be submitted in a different order and it could cause severe
performance degradation.

Move the submission of write requests to a separate thread so that the
requests can be sorted before submitting.  But this commit improves
dm-crypt performance even without having dm-crypt perform request
sorting (in particular it enables IO schedulers like CFQ to sort more
effectively).

Note: it is required that a previous commit ("dm crypt: don't allocate
pages for a partial request") be applied before applying this patch.
Otherwise, this commit could introduce a crash.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

The previous commit ("dm crypt: don't allocate pages for a partial
request") stopped using the io_pool slab mempool and backing
_crypt_io_pool kmem cache.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

Fix a theoretical deadlock introduced in the previous commit ("dm crypt:
don't allocate pages for a partial request").

The function crypt_alloc_buffer may be called concurrently.  If we allocate
from the mempool concurrently, there is a possibility of deadlock.  For
example, if we have mempool of 256 pages, two processes, each wanting
256, pages allocate from the mempool concurrently, it may deadlock in a
situation where both processes have allocated 128 pages and the mempool
is exhausted.

To avoid such a scenario we allocate the pages under a mutex.  In order
to not degrade performance with excessive locking, we try non-blocking
allocations without a mutex first and if that fails, we fallback to a
blocking allocations with a mutex.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

Change crypt_alloc_buffer so that it only ever allocates pages for a
full request.  This is a prerequisite for the commit "dm crypt: offload
writes to thread".

This change simplifies the dm-crypt code at the expense of reduced
throughput in low memory conditions (where allocation for a partial
request is most useful).

Note: the next commit ("dm crypt: avoid deadlock in mempools") is needed
to fix a theoretical deadlock.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

Use unbound workqueue by default so that work is automatically balanced
between available CPUs.  The original behavior of encrypting using the
same cpu that IO was submitted on can still be enabled by setting the
optional 'same_cpu_crypt' table argument.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

I created a dm-raid1 device backed by a device that supports DISCARD
and another device that does NOT support DISCARD with the following
dm configuration:

 #  echo '0 2048 mirror core 1 512 2 /dev/sda 0 /dev/sdb 0' | dmsetup create moo
 # lsblk -D
 NAME         DISC-ALN DISC-GRAN DISC-MAX DISC-ZERO
 sda                 0        4K       1G         0
 `-moo (dm-0)        0        4K       1G         0
 sdb                 0        0B       0B         0
 `-moo (dm-0)        0        4K       1G         0

Notice that the mirror device /dev/mapper/moo advertises DISCARD
support even though one of the mirror halves doesn't.

If I issue a DISCARD request (via fstrim, mount -o discard, or ioctl
BLKDISCARD) through the mirror, kmirrord gets stuck in an infinite
loop in do_region() when it tries to issue a DISCARD request to sdb.
The problem is that when we call do_region() against sdb, num_sectors
is set to zero because q->limits.max_discard_sectors is zero.
Therefore, "remaining" never decreases and the loop never terminates.

To fix this: before entering the loop, check for the combination of
REQ_DISCARD and no discard and return -EOPNOTSUPP to avoid hanging up
the mirror device.

This bug was found by the unfortunate coincidence of pvmove and a
discard operation in the RHEL 6.5 kernel; upstream is also affected.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Acked-by: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

It may be possible that a device claims discard support but it rejects
discards with -EOPNOTSUPP.  It happens when using loopback on ext2/ext3
filesystem driven by the ext4 driver.  It may also happen if the
underlying devices are moved from one disk on another.

If discard error happens, we reject the bio with -EOPNOTSUPP, but we do
not degrade the array.

This patch fixes failed test shell/lvconvert-repair-transient.sh in the
lvm2 testsuite if the testsuite is extracted on an ext2 or ext3
filesystem and it is being driven by the ext4 driver.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

dm_tm_shadow_block() is the only caller of
dm_sm_count_is_more_than_one() which only ever operates on a metadata
space-map.  So in practice, sm_disk_count_is_more_than_one() isn't
actually used (which explains why this bug never amounted to anything).

But fix sm_disk_count_is_more_than_one() to properly set *result and
return 0.
Reported-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>

Pull device mapper changes from Mike Snitzer:

 - The most significant change this cycle is request-based DM now
   supports stacking ontop of blk-mq devices.  This blk-mq support
   changes the model request-based DM uses for cloning a request to
   relying on calling blk_get_request() directly from the underlying
   blk-mq device.

   An early consumer of this code is Intel's emerging NVMe hardware;
   thanks to Keith Busch for working on, and pushing for, these changes.

 - A few other small fixes and cleanups across other DM targets.

* tag 'dm-3.20-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm: inherit QUEUE_FLAG_SG_GAPS flags from underlying queues
  dm snapshot: remove unnecessary NULL checks before vfree() calls
  dm mpath: simplify failure path of dm_multipath_init()
  dm thin metadata: remove unused dm_pool_get_data_block_size()
  dm ioctl: fix stale comment above dm_get_inactive_table()
  dm crypt: update url in CONFIG_DM_CRYPT help text
  dm bufio: fix time comparison to use time_after_eq()
  dm: use time_in_range() and time_after()
  dm raid: fix a couple integer overflows
  dm table: train hybrid target type detection to select blk-mq if appropriate
  dm: allocate requests in target when stacking on blk-mq devices
  dm: prepare for allocating blk-mq clone requests in target
  dm: submit stacked requests in irq enabled context
  dm: split request structure out from dm_rq_target_io structure
  dm: remove exports for request-based interfaces without external callers

Pull block driver changes from Jens Axboe:
 "This contains:

   - The 4k/partition fixes for brd from Boaz/Matthew.

   - A few xen front/back block fixes from David Vrabel and Roger Pau
     Monne.

   - Floppy changes from Takashi, cleaning the device file creation.

   - Switching libata to use the new blk-mq tagging policy, removing
     code (and a suboptimal implementation) from libata.  This will
     throw you a merge conflict, since a bug in the original libata
     tagging code was fixed since this code was branched.  Trivial.
     From Shaohua.

   - Conversion of loop to blk-mq, from Ming Lei.

   - Cleanup of the io_schedule() handling in bsg from Peter Zijlstra.
     He claims it improves on unreadable code, which will cost him a
     beer.

   - Maintainer update or NDB, now handled by Markus Pargmann.

   - NVMe:
        - Optimization from me that avoids a kmalloc/kfree per IO for
          smaller (<= 8KB) IO. This cuts about 1% of high IOPS CPU
          overhead.
        - Removal of (now) dead RCU code, a relic from before NVMe was
          converted to blk-mq"

* 'for-3.20/drivers' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  xen-blkback: default to X86_32 ABI on x86
  xen-blkfront: fix accounting of reqs when migrating
  xen-blkback,xen-blkfront: add myself as maintainer
  block: Simplify bsg complete all
  floppy: Avoid manual call of device_create_file()
  NVMe: avoid kmalloc/kfree for smaller IO
  MAINTAINERS: Update NBD maintainer
  libata: make sata_sil24 use fifo tag allocator
  libata: move sas ata tag allocation to libata-scsi.c
  libata: use blk taging
  NVMe: within nvme_free_queues(), delete RCU sychro/deferred free
  null_blk: suppress invalid partition info
  brd: Request from fdisk 4k alignment
  brd: Fix all partitions BUGs
  axonram: Fix bug in direct_access
  loop: add blk-mq.h include
  block: loop: don't handle REQ_FUA explicitly
  block: loop: introduce lo_discard() and lo_req_flush()
  block: loop: say goodby to bio
  block: loop: improve performance via blk-mq

Pull core block IO changes from Jens Axboe:
 "This contains:

   - A series from Christoph that cleans up and refactors various parts
     of the REQ_BLOCK_PC handling.  Contributions in that series from
     Dongsu Park and Kent Overstreet as well.

   - CFQ:
        - A bug fix for cfq for realtime IO scheduling from Jeff Moyer.
        - A stable patch fixing a potential crash in CFQ in OOM
          situations.  From Konstantin Khlebnikov.

   - blk-mq:
        - Add support for tag allocation policies, from Shaohua. This is
          a prep patch enabling libata (and other SCSI parts) to use the
          blk-mq tagging, instead of rolling their own.
        - Various little tweaks from Keith and Mike, in preparation for
          DM blk-mq support.
        - Minor little fixes or tweaks from me.
        - A double free error fix from Tony Battersby.

   - The partition 4k issue fixes from Matthew and Boaz.

   - Add support for zero+unprovision for blkdev_issue_zeroout() from
     Martin"

* 'for-3.20/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (27 commits)
  block: remove unused function blk_bio_map_sg
  block: handle the null_mapped flag correctly in blk_rq_map_user_iov
  blk-mq: fix double-free in error path
  block: prevent request-to-request merging with gaps if not allowed
  blk-mq: make blk_mq_run_queues() static
  dm: fix multipath regression due to initializing wrong request
  cfq-iosched: handle failure of cfq group allocation
  block: Quiesce zeroout wrapper
  block: rewrite and split __bio_copy_iov()
  block: merge __bio_map_user_iov into bio_map_user_iov
  block: merge __bio_map_kern into bio_map_kern
  block: pass iov_iter to the BLOCK_PC mapping functions
  block: add a helper to free bio bounce buffer pages
  block: use blk_rq_map_user_iov to implement blk_rq_map_user
  block: simplify bio_map_kern
  block: mark blk-mq devices as stackable
  block: keep established cmd_flags when cloning into a blk-mq request
  block: add blk-mq support to blk_insert_cloned_request()
  block: require blk_rq_prep_clone() be given an initialized clone request
  blk-mq: add tag allocation policy
  ...

Pull backing device changes from Jens Axboe:
 "This contains a cleanup of how the backing device is handled, in
  preparation for a rework of the life time rules.  In this part, the
  most important change is to split the unrelated nommu mmap flags from
  it, but also removing a backing_dev_info pointer from the
  address_space (and inode), and a cleanup of other various minor bits.

  Christoph did all the work here, I just fixed an oops with pages that
  have a swap backing.  Arnd fixed a missing export, and Oleg killed the
  lustre backing_dev_info from staging.  Last patch was from Al,
  unexporting parts that are now no longer needed outside"

* 'for-3.20/bdi' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  Make super_blocks and sb_lock static
  mtd: export new mtd_mmap_capabilities
  fs: make inode_to_bdi() handle NULL inode
  staging/lustre/llite: get rid of backing_dev_info
  fs: remove default_backing_dev_info
  fs: don't reassign dirty inodes to default_backing_dev_info
  nfs: don't call bdi_unregister
  ceph: remove call to bdi_unregister
  fs: remove mapping->backing_dev_info
  fs: export inode_to_bdi and use it in favor of mapping->backing_dev_info
  nilfs2: set up s_bdi like the generic mount_bdev code
  block_dev: get bdev inode bdi directly from the block device
  block_dev: only write bdev inode on close
  fs: introduce f_op->mmap_capabilities for nommu mmap support
  fs: kill BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED
  fs: deduplicate noop_backing_dev_info

Pull md updates from Neil Brown:

 - assorted locking changes so that access to /proc/mdstat
   and much of /sys/block/mdXX/md/* is protected by a spinlock
   rather than a mutex and will never block indefinitely.

 - Make an 'if' condition in RAID5 - which has been implicated
   in recent bugs - more readable.

 - misc minor fixes

* tag 'md/3.20' of git://neil.brown.name/md: (28 commits)
  md/raid10: fix conversion from RAID0 to RAID10
  md: wakeup thread upon rdev_dec_pending()
  md: make reconfig_mutex optional for writes to md sysfs files.
  md: move mddev_lock and related to md.h
  md: use mddev->lock to protect updates to resync_{min,max}.
  md: minor cleanup in safe_delay_store.
  md: move GET_BITMAP_FILE ioctl out from mddev_lock.
  md: tidy up set_bitmap_file
  md: remove unnecessary 'buf' from get_bitmap_file.
  md: remove mddev_lock from rdev_attr_show()
  md: remove mddev_lock() from md_attr_show()
  md/raid5: use ->lock to protect accessing raid5 sysfs attributes.
  md: remove need for mddev_lock() in md_seq_show()
  md/bitmap: protect clearing of ->bitmap by mddev->lock
  md: protect ->pers changes with mddev->lock
  md: level_store: group all important changes into one place.
  md: rename ->stop to ->free
  md: split detach operation out from ->stop.
  md/linear: remove rcu protections in favour of suspend/resume
  md: make merge_bvec_fn more robust in face of personality changes.
  ...

Pull jfs updates from David Kleikamp:
 "A couple cleanups for jfs"

* tag 'jfs-3.20' of git://github.com/kleikamp/linux-shaggy:
  jfs: Deletion of an unnecessary check before the function call "unload_nls"
  jfs: get rid of homegrown endianness helpers

Pull nfsd updates from Bruce Fields:
 "The main change is the pNFS block server support from Christoph, which
  allows an NFS client connected to shared disk to do block IO to the
  shared disk in place of NFS reads and writes.  This also requires xfs
  patches, which should arrive soon through the xfs tree, barring
  unexpected problems.  Support for other filesystems is also possible
  if there's interest.

  Thanks also to Chuck Lever for continuing work to get NFS/RDMA into
  shape"

* 'for-3.20' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (32 commits)
  nfsd: default NFSv4.2 to on
  nfsd: pNFS block layout driver
  exportfs: add methods for block layout exports
  nfsd: add trace events
  nfsd: update documentation for pNFS support
  nfsd: implement pNFS layout recalls
  nfsd: implement pNFS operations
  nfsd: make find_any_file available outside nfs4state.c
  nfsd: make find/get/put file available outside nfs4state.c
  nfsd: make lookup/alloc/unhash_stid available outside nfs4state.c
  nfsd: add fh_fsid_match helper
  nfsd: move nfsd_fh_match to nfsfh.h
  fs: add FL_LAYOUT lease type
  fs: track fl_owner for leases
  nfs: add LAYOUT_TYPE_MAX enum value
  nfsd: factor out a helper to decode nfstime4 values
  sunrpc/lockd: fix references to the BKL
  nfsd: fix year-2038 nfs4 state problem
  svcrdma: Handle additional inline content
  svcrdma: Move read list XDR round-up logic
  ...

Pull IOMMU updates from Joerg Roedel:
 "This time with:

   - Generic page-table framework for ARM IOMMUs using the LPAE
     page-table format, ARM-SMMU and Renesas IPMMU make use of it
     already.

   - Break out the IO virtual address allocator from the Intel IOMMU so
     that it can be used by other DMA-API implementations too.  The
     first user will be the ARM64 common DMA-API implementation for
     IOMMUs

   - Device tree support for Renesas IPMMU

   - Various fixes and cleanups all over the place"

* tag 'iommu-updates-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/joro/iommu: (36 commits)
  iommu/amd: Convert non-returned local variable to boolean when relevant
  iommu: Update my email address
  iommu/amd: Use wait_event in put_pasid_state_wait
  iommu/amd: Fix amd_iommu_free_device()
  iommu/arm-smmu: Avoid build warning
  iommu/fsl: Various cleanups
  iommu/fsl: Use %pa to print phys_addr_t
  iommu/omap: Print phys_addr_t using %pa
  iommu: Make more drivers depend on COMPILE_TEST
  iommu/ipmmu-vmsa: Fix IOMMU lookup when multiple IOMMUs are registered
  iommu: Disable on !MMU builds
  iommu/fsl: Remove unused fsl_of_pamu_ids[]
  iommu/fsl: Fix section mismatch
  iommu/ipmmu-vmsa: Use the ARM LPAE page table allocator
  iommu: Fix trace_map() to report original iova and original size
  iommu/arm-smmu: add support for iova_to_phys through ATS1PR
  iopoll: Introduce memory-mapped IO polling macros
  iommu/arm-smmu: don't touch the secure STLBIALL register
  iommu/arm-smmu: make use of generic LPAE allocator
  iommu: io-pgtable-arm: add non-secure quirk
  ...

Pull DeviceTree changes from Rob Herring:

 - DT unittests for I2C probing and overlays from Pantelis Antoniou

 - Remove DT unittest dependency on OF_DYNAMIC from Gaurav Minocha

 - Add Tegra compatible strings missing for newer parts from Paul
   Walmsley

 - Various vendor prefix additions

* tag 'devicetree-for-3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux:
  of: Add vendor prefix for OmniVision Technologies
  of: Use ovti for Omnivision
  of: Add vendor prefix for Truly Semiconductors Limited
  of: Add vendor prefix for Himax Technologies Inc.
  of/fdt: fix sparse warning
  of: unitest: Add I2C overlay unit tests.
  Documentation: DT: document compatible string existence requirement
  Documentation: DT bindings: add nvidia, tegra132-denver compatible string
  Documentation: DT bindings: add more Tegra chip compatible strings
  of: EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL of_property_read_u64_array
  of: Fix brace position for struct of_device_id definition
  of/unittest: Remove obsolete code
  dt-bindings: use isil prefix for Intersil in vendor-prefixes.txt
  Add AD Holdings Plc. to vendor-prefixes.
  dt-bindings: Add Silicon Mitus vendor prefix
  Removes OF_UNITTEST dependency on OF_DYNAMIC config symbol
  pinctrl: fix up device tree bindings
  DT: Vendors: Add Everspin
  doc: add bindings document for altera fpga manager
  drivers: of: Export of_reserved_mem_device_{init,release}

Pull ARM updates from Russell King:

 - clang assembly fixes from Ard

 - optimisations and cleanups for Aurora L2 cache support

 - efficient L2 cache support for secure monitor API on Exynos SoCs

 - debug menu cleanup from Daniel Thompson to allow better behaviour for
   multiplatform kernels

 - StrongARM SA11x0 conversion to irq domains, and pxa_timer

 - kprobes updates for older ARM CPUs

 - move probes support out of arch/arm/kernel to arch/arm/probes

 - add inline asm support for the rbit (reverse bits) instruction

 - provide an ARM mode secondary CPU entry point (for Qualcomm CPUs)

 - remove the unused ARMv3 user access code

 - add driver_override support to AMBA Primecell bus

* 'for-linus' of git://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: (55 commits)
  ARM: 8256/1: driver coamba: add device binding path 'driver_override'
  ARM: 8301/1: qcom: Use secondary_startup_arm()
  ARM: 8302/1: Add a secondary_startup that assumes ARM mode
  ARM: 8300/1: teach __asmeq that r11 == fp and r12 == ip
  ARM: kprobes: Fix compilation error caused by superfluous '*'
  ARM: 8297/1: cache-l2x0: optimize aurora range operations
  ARM: 8296/1: cache-l2x0: clean up aurora cache handling
  ARM: 8284/1: sa1100: clear RCSR_SMR on resume
  ARM: 8283/1: sa1100: collie: clear PWER register on machine init
  ARM: 8282/1: sa1100: use handle_domain_irq
  ARM: 8281/1: sa1100: move GPIO-related IRQ code to gpio driver
  ARM: 8280/1: sa1100: switch to irq_domain_add_simple()
  ARM: 8279/1: sa1100: merge both GPIO irqdomains
  ARM: 8278/1: sa1100: split irq handling for low GPIOs
  ARM: 8291/1: replace magic number with PAGE_SHIFT macro in fixup_pv code
  ARM: 8290/1: decompressor: fix a wrong comment
  ARM: 8286/1: mm: Fix dma_contiguous_reserve comment
  ARM: 8248/1: pm: remove outdated comment
  ARM: 8274/1: Fix DEBUG_LL for multi-platform kernels (without PL01X)
  ARM: 8273/1: Seperate DEBUG_UART_PHYS from DEBUG_LL on EP93XX
  ...

Pull AVR32 update from Hans-Christian Egtvedt.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/egtvedt/linux-avr32:
  avr32: update all default configurations
  avr32: remove fake at91 cpu identification
  avr32: wire up missing syscalls

Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
 "The updates included in this pull request for ftrace are:

   o Several clean ups to the code

     One such clean up was to convert to 64 bit time keeping, in the
     ring buffer benchmark code.

   o Adding of __print_array() helper macro for TRACE_EVENT()

   o Updating the sample/trace_events/ to add samples of different ways
     to make trace events.  Lots of features have been added since the
     sample code was made, and these features are mostly unknown.
     Developers have been making their own hacks to do things that are
     already available.

   o Performance improvements.  Most notably, I found a performance bug
     where a waiter that is waiting for a full page from the ring buffer
     will see that a full page is not available, and go to sleep.  The
     sched event caused by it going to sleep would cause it to wake up
     again.  It would see that there was still not a full page, and go
     back to sleep again, and that would wake it up again, until finally
     it would see a full page.  This change has been marked for stable.

  Other improvements include removing global locks from fast paths"

* tag 'trace-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
  ring-buffer: Do not wake up a splice waiter when page is not full
  tracing: Fix unmapping loop in tracing_mark_write
  tracing: Add samples of DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS() and DEFINE_EVENT()
  tracing: Add TRACE_EVENT_FN example
  tracing: Add TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION sample
  tracing: Update the TRACE_EVENT fields available in the sample code
  tracing: Separate out initializing top level dir from instances
  tracing: Make tracing_init_dentry_tr() static
  trace: Use 64-bit timekeeping
  tracing: Add array printing helper
  tracing: Remove newline from trace_printk warning banner
  tracing: Use IS_ERR() check for return value of tracing_init_dentry()
  tracing: Remove unneeded includes of debugfs.h and fs.h
  tracing: Remove taking of trace_types_lock in pipe files
  tracing: Add ref count to tracer for when they are being read by pipe

Pull ktest updates from Steven Rostedt:
 "The following ktest updates were done:

   o Added timings to various parts of the test (build, install, boot,
     tests) and report them so that the users can keep track of changes.

   o Josh Poimboeuf fixed the console output to work better with virtual
     machine targets.

   o Various clean ups and fixes"

* tag 'ktest-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-ktest:
  ktest: Place quotes around item variable
  ktest: Cleanup terminal on dodie() failure
  ktest: Print build,install,boot,test times at success and failure
  ktest: Enable user input to the console
  ktest: Give console process a dedicated tty
  ktest: Rename start_monitor_and_boot to start_monitor_and_install
  ktest: Show times for build, install, boot and test
  ktest: Restore tty settings after closing console
  ktest: Add timings for commands

Pull security layer updates from James Morris:
 "Highlights:

   - Smack adds secmark support for Netfilter
   - /proc/keys is now mandatory if CONFIG_KEYS=y
   - TPM gets its own device class
   - Added TPM 2.0 support
   - Smack file hook rework (all Smack users should review this!)"

* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (64 commits)
  cipso: don't use IPCB() to locate the CIPSO IP option
  SELinux: fix error code in policydb_init()
  selinux: add security in-core xattr support for pstore and debugfs
  selinux: quiet the filesystem labeling behavior message
  selinux: Remove unused function avc_sidcmp()
  ima: /proc/keys is now mandatory
  Smack: Repair netfilter dependency
  X.509: silence asn1 compiler debug output
  X.509: shut up about included cert for silent build
  KEYS: Make /proc/keys unconditional if CONFIG_KEYS=y
  MAINTAINERS: email update
  tpm/tpm_tis: Add missing ifdef CONFIG_ACPI for pnp_acpi_device
  smack: fix possible use after frees in task_security() callers
  smack: Add missing logging in bidirectional UDS connect check
  Smack: secmark support for netfilter
  Smack: Rework file hooks
  tpm: fix format string error in tpm-chip.c
  char/tpm/tpm_crb: fix build error
  smack: Fix a bidirectional UDS connect check typo
  smack: introduce a special case for tmpfs in smack_d_instantiate()
  ...

Pull audit fix from Paul Moore:
 "Just one patch from the audit tree for v3.20, and a very minor one at
  that.

  The patch simply removes an old, unused field from the audit_krule
  structure, a private audit-only struct.  In audit related news, we did
  a proper overhaul of the audit pathname code and removed the nasty
  getname()/putname() hacks for audit, you should see those patches in
  Al's vfs tree if you haven't already.

  That's it for audit this time, let's hope for a quiet -rcX series"

* 'upstream' of git://git.infradead.org/users/pcmoore/audit:
  audit: remove vestiges of vers_ops

A RAID0 array (like a LINEAR array) does not have a concept
of 'size' being the amount of each device that is in use.
Rather, as much of each device as is available is used.
So the 'size' is set to 0 and ignored.

RAID10 does have this concept and needs it to be set correctly.
So when we convert RAID0 to RAID10 we must determine the
'size' (that being the size of the first 'strip_zone' in the
RAID0), and set it correctly.
Reported-and-tested-by: Xiao Ni <xni@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Merge second set of updates from Andrew Morton:
 "More of MM"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (83 commits)
  mm/nommu.c: fix arithmetic overflow in __vm_enough_memory()
  mm/mmap.c: fix arithmetic overflow in __vm_enough_memory()
  vmstat: Reduce time interval to stat update on idle cpu
  mm/page_owner.c: remove unnecessary stack_trace field
  Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt: describe /proc/<pid>/map_files
  mm: incorporate read-only pages into transparent huge pages
  vmstat: do not use deferrable delayed work for vmstat_update
  mm: more aggressive page stealing for UNMOVABLE allocations
  mm: always steal split buddies in fallback allocations
  mm: when stealing freepages, also take pages created by splitting buddy page
  mincore: apply page table walker on do_mincore()
  mm: /proc/pid/clear_refs: avoid split_huge_page()
  mm: pagewalk: fix misbehavior of walk_page_range for vma(VM_PFNMAP)
  mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range()
  arch/powerpc/mm/subpage-prot.c: use walk->vma and walk_page_vma()
  memcg: cleanup preparation for page table walk
  numa_maps: remove numa_maps->vma
  numa_maps: fix typo in gather_hugetbl_stats
  pagemap: use walk->vma instead of calling find_vma()
  clear_refs: remove clear_refs_private->vma and introduce clear_refs_test_walk()
  ...

Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman:

 - Update of all defconfigs

 - Addition of a bunch of config options to modernise our defconfigs

 - Some PS3 updates from Geoff

 - Optimised memcmp for 64 bit from Anton

 - Fix for kprobes that allows 'perf probe' to work from Naveen

 - Several cxl updates from Ian & Ryan

 - Expanded support for the '24x7' PMU from Cody & Sukadev

 - Freescale updates from Scott:
    "Highlights include 8xx optimizations, some more work on datapath
     device tree content, e300 machine check support, t1040 corenet
     error reporting, and various cleanups and fixes"

* tag 'powerpc-3.20-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mpe/linux: (102 commits)
  cxl: Add missing return statement after handling AFU errror
  cxl: Fail AFU initialisation if an invalid configuration record is found
  cxl: Export optional AFU configuration record in sysfs
  powerpc/mm: Warn on flushing tlb page in kernel context
  powerpc/powernv: Add OPAL soft-poweroff routine
  powerpc/perf/hv-24x7: Document sysfs event description entries
  powerpc/perf/hv-gpci: add the remaining gpci requests
  powerpc/perf/{hv-gpci, hv-common}: generate requests with counters annotated
  powerpc/perf/hv-24x7: parse catalog and populate sysfs with events
  perf: define EVENT_DEFINE_RANGE_FORMAT_LITE helper
  perf: add PMU_EVENT_ATTR_STRING() helper
  perf: provide sysfs_show for struct perf_pmu_events_attr
  powerpc/kernel: Avoid initializing device-tree pointer twice
  powerpc: Remove old compile time disabled syscall tracing code
  powerpc/kernel: Make syscall_exit a local label
  cxl: Fix device_node reference counting
  powerpc/mm: bail out early when flushing TLB page
  powerpc: defconfigs: add MTD_SPI_NOR (new dependency for M25P80)
  perf/powerpc: reset event hw state when adding it to the PMU
  powerpc/qe: Use strlcpy()
  ...

Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
 "arm64 updates for 3.20:

   - reimplementation of the virtual remapping of UEFI Runtime Services
     in a way that is stable across kexec
   - emulation of the "setend" instruction for 32-bit tasks (user
     endianness switching trapped in the kernel, SCTLR_EL1.E0E bit set
     accordingly)
   - compat_sys_call_table implemented in C (from asm) and made it a
     constant array together with sys_call_table
   - export CPU cache information via /sys (like other architectures)
   - DMA API implementation clean-up in preparation for IOMMU support
   - macros clean-up for KVM
   - dropped some unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
   - CONFIG_ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND clean-up
   - defconfig update (CPU_IDLE)

  The EFI changes going via the arm64 tree have been acked by Matt
  Fleming.  There is also a patch adding sys_*stat64 prototypes to
  include/linux/syscalls.h, acked by Andrew Morton"

* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (47 commits)
  arm64: compat: Remove incorrect comment in compat_siginfo
  arm64: Fix section mismatch on alloc_init_p[mu]d()
  arm64: Avoid breakage caused by .altmacro in fpsimd save/restore macros
  arm64: mm: use *_sect to check for section maps
  arm64: drop unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
  arm64:mm: free the useless initial page table
  arm64: Enable CPU_IDLE in defconfig
  arm64: kernel: remove ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND config option
  arm64: make sys_call_table const
  arm64: Remove asm/syscalls.h
  arm64: Implement the compat_sys_call_table in C
  syscalls: Declare sys_*stat64 prototypes if __ARCH_WANT_(COMPAT_)STAT64
  compat: Declare compat_sys_sigpending and compat_sys_sigprocmask prototypes
  arm64: uapi: expose our struct ucontext to the uapi headers
  smp, ARM64: Kill SMP single function call interrupt
  arm64: Emulate SETEND for AArch32 tasks
  arm64: Consolidate hotplug notifier for instruction emulation
  arm64: Track system support for mixed endian EL0
  arm64: implement generic IOMMU configuration
  arm64: Combine coherent and non-coherent swiotlb dma_ops
  ...

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:

 - The remaining patches for the z13 machine support: kernel build
   option for z13, the cache synonym avoidance, SMT support,
   compare-and-delay for spinloops and the CES5S crypto adapater.

 - The ftrace support for function tracing with the gcc hotpatch option.
   This touches common code Makefiles, Steven is ok with the changes.

 - The hypfs file system gets an extension to access diagnose 0x0c data
   in user space for performance analysis for Linux running under z/VM.

 - The iucv hvc console gets wildcard spport for the user id filtering.

 - The cacheinfo code is converted to use the generic infrastructure.

 - Cleanup and bug fixes.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (42 commits)
  s390/process: free vx save area when releasing tasks
  s390/hypfs: Eliminate hypfs interval
  s390/hypfs: Add diagnose 0c support
  s390/cacheinfo: don't use smp_processor_id() in preemptible context
  s390/zcrypt: fixed domain scanning problem (again)
  s390/smp: increase maximum value of NR_CPUS to 512
  s390/jump label: use different nop instruction
  s390/jump label: add sanity checks
  s390/mm: correct missing space when reporting user process faults
  s390/dasd: cleanup profiling
  s390/dasd: add locking for global_profile access
  s390/ftrace: hotpatch support for function tracing
  ftrace: let notrace function attribute disable hotpatching if necessary
  ftrace: allow architectures to specify ftrace compile options
  s390: reintroduce diag 44 calls for cpu_relax()
  s390/zcrypt: Add support for new crypto express (CEX5S) adapter.
  s390/zcrypt: Number of supported ap domains is not retrievable.
  s390/spinlock: add compare-and-delay to lock wait loops
  s390/tape: remove redundant if statement
  s390/hvc_iucv: add simple wildcard matches to the iucv allow filter
  ...

Pull pstore update from Tony Luck:
 "Miscellaneous fs/pstore fixes"

* tag 'please-pull-pstore' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux:
  pstore: Fix sprintf format specifier in pstore_dump()
  pstore: Add pmsg - user-space accessible pstore object
  pstore: Handle zero-sized prz in series
  pstore: Remove superfluous memory size check
  pstore: Use scnprintf() in pstore_mkfile()

Pull NFS client updates from Trond Myklebust:
 "Highlights incluse:

  Features:
   - Removing the forced serialisation of open()/close() calls in
     NFSv4.x (x>0) makes for a significant performance improvement in
     metadata intensive workloads.
   - Full support for the pNFS "flexible files" layout type
   - Further RPC/RDMA client improvements from Chuck

  Bugfixes:
   - Stable fix: NFSv4.1 backchannel calls blocking operations with !TASK_RUNNING
   - Stable fix: pnfs_generic_pg_init_read/write can be called with lseg == NULL
   - Stable fix: Fix an Oopsable condition when nsm_mon_unmon is called
     as part of the namespace cleanup,
   - Stable fix: Ensure we reference the inode for return-on-close in
     delegreturn
   - Use SO_REUSEPORT to ensure that NFSv3 TCP connections can rebind to
     the same source address/port combination during a disconnect/
     reconnect event.  This is a requirement imposed by most NFSv3
     server duplicate reply cache implementations.

  Optimisations:
   - Ask for no NFSv4.1 delegations on OPEN if using O_DIRECT

  Other:
   - Add Anna Schumaker as co-maintainer for the NFS client"

* tag 'nfs-for-3.20-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs: (119 commits)
  SUNRPC: Cleanup to remove xs_tcp_close()
  pnfs: delete an unintended goto
  pnfs/flexfiles: Do not dprintk after the free
  SUNRPC: Fix stupid typo in xs_sock_set_reuseport
  SUNRPC: Define xs_tcp_fin_timeout only if CONFIG_SUNRPC_DEBUG
  SUNRPC: Handle connection reset more efficiently.
  SUNRPC: Remove the redundant XPRT_CONNECTION_CLOSE flag
  SUNRPC: Make xs_tcp_close() do a socket shutdown rather than a sock_release
  SUNRPC: Ensure xs_tcp_shutdown() requests a full close of the connection
  SUNRPC: Cleanup to remove remaining uses of XPRT_CONNECTION_ABORT
  SUNRPC: Remove TCP socket linger code
  SUNRPC: Remove TCP client connection reset hack
  SUNRPC: TCP/UDP always close the old socket before reconnecting
  SUNRPC: Add helpers to prevent socket create from racing
  SUNRPC: Ensure xs_reset_transport() resets the close connection flags
  SUNRPC: Do not clear the source port in xs_reset_transport
  SUNRPC: Handle EADDRINUSE on connect
  SUNRPC: Set SO_REUSEPORT socket option for TCP connections
  NFSv4.1: Fix pnfs_put_lseg races
  NFSv4.1: pnfs_send_layoutreturn should use GFP_NOFS
  ...

I noticed that "allowed" can easily overflow by falling below 0, because
(total_vm / 32) can be larger than "allowed".  The problem occurs in
OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode.

In this case, a huge allocation can success and overcommit the system
(despite OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode).  All subsequent allocations will fall
(system-wide), so system become unusable.

The problem was masked out by commit c9b1d098
("mm: limit growth of 3% hardcoded other user reserve"),
but it's easy to reproduce it on older kernels:
1) set overcommit_memory sysctl to 2
2) mmap() large file multiple times (with VM_SHARED flag)
3) try to malloc() large amount of memory

It also can be reproduced on newer kernels, but miss-configured
sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes is required.

Fix this issue by switching to signed arithmetic here.
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Andrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I noticed, that "allowed" can easily overflow by falling below 0,
because (total_vm / 32) can be larger than "allowed".  The problem
occurs in OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode.

In this case, a huge allocation can success and overcommit the system
(despite OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode).  All subsequent allocations will fall
(system-wide), so system become unusable.

The problem was masked out by commit c9b1d098
("mm: limit growth of 3% hardcoded other user reserve"),
but it's easy to reproduce it on older kernels:
1) set overcommit_memory sysctl to 2
2) mmap() large file multiple times (with VM_SHARED flag)
3) try to malloc() large amount of memory

It also can be reproduced on newer kernels, but miss-configured
sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes is required.

Fix this issue by switching to signed arithmetic here.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use min_t]
Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Andrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It was noted that the vm stat shepherd runs every 2 seconds and that the
vmstat update is then scheduled 2 seconds in the future.

This yields an interval of double the time interval which is not desired.

Change the shepherd so that it does not delay the vmstat update on the
other cpu.  We stil have to use schedule_delayed_work since we are using a
delayed_work_struct but we can set the delay to 0.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Page owner uses the page_ext structure to keep meta-information for every
page in the system.  The structure also contains a field of type 'struct
stack_trace', page owner uses this field during invocation of the function
save_stack_trace.  It is easy to notice that keeping a copy of this
structure for every page in the system is very inefficiently in terms of
memory.

The patch removes this unnecessary field of page_ext and forces page owner
to use a stack_trace structure allocated on the stack.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use struct initializers]
Signed-off-by: Sergei Rogachev <rogachevsergei@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch aims to improve THP collapse rates, by allowing THP collapse in
the presence of read-only ptes, like those left in place by do_swap_page
after a read fault.

Currently THP can collapse 4kB pages into a THP when there are up to
khugepaged_max_ptes_none pte_none ptes in a 2MB range.  This patch applies
the same limit for read-only ptes.

The patch was tested with a test program that allocates 800MB of memory,
writes to it, and then sleeps.  I force the system to swap out all but
190MB of the program by touching other memory.  Afterwards, the test
program does a mix of reads and writes to its memory, and the memory gets
swapped back in.

Without the patch, only the memory that did not get swapped out remained
in THPs, which corresponds to 24% of the memory of the program.  The
percentage did not increase over time.

With this patch, after 5 minutes of waiting khugepaged had collapsed 50%
of the program's memory back into THPs.

Test results:

With the patch:
After swapped out:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      100464 kB
AnonHugePages:  100352 kB
Swap:           699540 kB
Fraction:       99,88

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      1754448 kB
AnonHugePages:  1716224 kB
Fraction:       97,82

After swapped in:
In a few seconds:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      800004 kB
AnonHugePages:  145408 kB
Swap:           0 kB
Fraction:       18,17

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      2455016 kB
AnonHugePages:  1761280 kB
Fraction:       71,74

In 5 minutes:
cat /proc/pid/smaps
Anonymous:      800004 kB
AnonHugePages:  407552 kB
Swap:           0 kB
Fraction:       50,94

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      2456872 kB
AnonHugePages:  2023424 kB
Fraction:       82,35

Without the patch:
After swapped out:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      190660 kB
AnonHugePages:  190464 kB
Swap:           609344 kB
Fraction:       99,89

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      1740456 kB
AnonHugePages:  1667072 kB
Fraction:       95,78

After swapped in:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      800004 kB
AnonHugePages:  190464 kB
Swap:           0 kB
Fraction:       23,80

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      2350032 kB
AnonHugePages:  1667072 kB
Fraction:       70,93

I waited 10 minutes the fractions did not change without the patch.
Signed-off-by: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>