Merge branches 'doc.2017.01.15b', 'dyntick.2017.01.23a', 'fixes.2017.01.23a', 'srcu.2017.01.25a' and 'torture.2017.01.15b' into HEAD

doc.2017.01.15b: Documentation updates
dyntick.2017.01.23a: Dyntick tracking consolidation
fixes.2017.01.23a: Miscellaneous fixes
srcu.2017.01.25a: SRCU rewrite, fixes, and verification
torture.2017.01.15b: Torture-test updates

Because there are no memory barriers between the srcu_flip() ->completed
increment and the summation of the read-side ->unlock_count[] counters,
both the compiler and the CPU can reorder the summation with the
->completed increment.  If the updater is preempted long enough during
this process, the read-side counters could overflow, resulting in a
too-short grace period.

This commit therefore adds a memory barrier just after the ->completed
increment, ensuring that if the summation misses an increment of
->unlock_count[] from __srcu_read_unlock(), the next __srcu_read_lock()
will see the new value of ->completed, thus bounding the number of
->unlock_count[] increments that can be missed to NR_CPUS.  The actual
overflow computation is more complex due to the possibility of nesting
of __srcu_read_lock().
Reported-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This commit creates a formal/srcu-cbmc directory containing scripts that
pull SRCU in from the source code, filter it to remove things that CBMC
cannot handle, and run a series of verifications on it.  This has a number
of shortcomings:

1.	It does not yet hook into the upper-level self-test Makefiles.
2.	It tests only a single scenario, store buffering.
3.	There is no gcc-based syntax-error prefiltering.

Nevertheless, it does fully verify a piece of SRCU under a moderately
weak memory model (PSO).
Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

If a process invokes synchronize_srcu(), is delayed just the right amount
of time, and thus does not sleep when waiting for the grace period to
complete, there is no ordering between the end of the grace period and
the code following the synchronize_srcu().  Similarly, there can be a
lack of ordering between the end of the SRCU grace period and callback
invocation.

This commit adds the necessary ordering.
Reported-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Further smp_mb() adjustment per email with Lance Roy. ]

SRCU uses two per-cpu counters: a nesting counter to count the number of
active critical sections, and a sequence counter to ensure that the nesting
counters don't change while they are being added together in
srcu_readers_active_idx_check().

This patch instead uses per-cpu lock and unlock counters. Because both
counters only increase and srcu_readers_active_idx_check() reads the unlock
counter before the lock counter, this achieves the same end without having
to increment two different counters in srcu_read_lock(). This also saves a
smp_mb() in srcu_readers_active_idx_check().

Possible bug: There is no guarantee that the lock counter won't overflow
during srcu_readers_active_idx_check(), as there are no memory barriers
around srcu_flip() (see comment in srcu_readers_active_idx_check() for
details). However, this problem was already present before this patch.
Suggested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Commit 7ec99de3 ("rcu: Provide exact CPU-online tracking for RCU"),
as its title suggests, got rid of RCU's remaining CPU-hotplug timing
guesswork.  This commit therefore removes the one-jiffy kludge that was
used to paper over this guesswork.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Commit 4a81e832 ("rcu: Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks
for RCU") moved quiescent-state generation out of cond_resched()
and commit bde6c3aa ("rcu: Provide cond_resched_rcu_qs() to force
quiescent states in long loops") introduced cond_resched_rcu_qs(), and
commit 5cd37193 ("rcu: Make cond_resched_rcu_qs() apply to normal RCU
flavors") introduced the per-CPU rcu_qs_ctr variable, which is frequently
polled by the RCU core state machine.

This frequent polling can increase grace-period rate, which in turn
increases grace-period overhead, which is visible in some benchmarks
(for example, the "open1" benchmark in Anton Blanchard's "will it scale"
suite).  This commit therefore reduces the rate at which rcu_qs_ctr
is polled by moving that polling into the force-quiescent-state (FQS)
machinery, and by further polling it only after the grace period has
been in effect for at least jiffies_till_sched_qs jiffies.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit is the fourth step towards full abstraction of all accesses
to the ->dynticks counter, implementing previously open-coded checks and
comparisons in new rcu_dynticks_in_eqs() and rcu_dynticks_in_eqs_since()
functions.  This abstraction will ease changes to the ->dynticks counter
operation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit is the third step towards full abstraction of all accesses
to the ->dynticks counter, implementing the previously open-coded atomic
add of 1 and entry checks in a new rcu_dynticks_eqs_enter() function, and
the same but with exit checks in a new rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit() function.
This abstraction will ease changes to the ->dynticks counter operation.

Note that this commit gets rid of the smp_mb__before_atomic() and the
smp_mb__after_atomic() calls that were previously present.  The reason
that this is OK from a memory-ordering perspective is that the atomic
operation is now atomic_add_return(), which, as a value-returning atomic,
guarantees full ordering.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Fixed RCU_TRACE() statements added by this commit. ]
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

The non-expedited synchronize_*rcu() primitives have lockdep checks, but
their expedited counterparts lack these checks.  This commit therefore
adds these checks to the expedited synchronize_*rcu() primitives.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Expedited grace periods no longer fall back to normal grace periods
in response to lock contention, given that expedited grace periods
now use the rcu_node tree so as to avoid contention.  This commit
therfore removes the expedited_normal counter.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

llist.h comments are confusing about when locking is needed versus when it
isn't. Clarify these comments by being more descriptive about why locking is
needed for llist_del_first.

Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

It used to be that the rcuo callback-offload kthreads were spawned
in rcu_organize_nocb_kthreads(), and the comment before the "for"
loop says as much.  However, this spawning has long since moved to
the CPU-hotplug code, so this commit fixes this comment.
Reported-by: Michalis Kokologiannakis <mixaskok@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

While debugging a performance issue I needed to understand why
RCU sofitrqs were firing so frequently.

Unfortunately, the RCU callback tracepoints are hidden behind
CONFIG_RCU_TRACE which defaults to off in the upstream kernel and is
likely to also be disabled in enterprise distribution configs.

Enable it by default for CONFIG_TREE_RCU. However, we must keep it
disabled for tiny RCU, because it would otherwise pull in a large
amount of code that would make tiny RCU less than tiny.

I ran some file system metadata intensive workloads (git checkout,
FS-Mark) on a variety of machines with this patch and saw no
detectable change in performance.

Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

The rcu_cpu_starting() function uses this_cpu_ptr() to locate the
incoming CPU's rcu_data structure.  This works for the boot CPU and for
all CPUs onlined after rcu_init() executes (during very early boot).
Currently, this is the full set of CPUs, so all is well.  But if
anyone ever parallelizes boot before rcu_init() time, it will fail.
This commit therefore substitutes the rcu_cpu_starting() function's
this_cpu_pointer() for per_cpu_ptr(), future-proofing the code and
(arguably) improving readability.

This commit inadvertently fixes a latent bug: If there ever had been
more than just the boot CPU online at rcu_init() time, the old code
would not initialize the non-boot CPUs, but rather would repeatedly
initialize the boot CPU.
Reported-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

These functions (rcu_exp_gp_seq_start(), rcu_exp_gp_seq_end(),
rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(), and rcu_exp_gp_seq_done() seemed too obvious
to comment when written, but not so much when being documented.
This commit therefore adds header comments to each of them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Chris Friesen notice that rcuc/X kthreads were consuming CPU even on
NOCB CPUs.  This makes no sense because the only purpose or these
kthreads is to invoke normal (non-offloaded) callbacks, of which there
will never be any on NOCB CPUs.  This problem was due to a bug in
cpu_has_callbacks_ready_to_invoke(), which should have been checking
->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL] for NULL, but which was instead (incorrectly)
checking ->nxttail[RCU_DONE_TAIL].  Because ->nxttail[RCU_DONE_TAIL] is
never NULL, the only effect is to cause the rcuc/X kthread to execute
when it should not do so.

This commit therefore checks ->nxttail[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], which is NULL
for NOCB CPUs.
Reported-by: Chris Friesen <chris.friesen@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Now that User Mode Linux supports arch_irqs_disabled_flags(), this
commit re-enables TASKS_RCU for User Mode Linux.
Reported-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit is for all intents and purposes a revert of bc1dce51
("rcu: Don't use NMIs to dump other CPUs' stacks").  The reason to suppose
that this can now safely be reverted is the presence of 42a0bb3f
("printk/nmi: generic solution for safe printk in NMI"), which is said
to have made NMI-based stack dumps safe.

However, this reversion keeps one nice property of bc1dce51
("rcu: Don't use NMIs to dump other CPUs' stacks"), namely that
only those CPUs blocking the grace period are dumped.  The new
trigger_single_cpu_backtrace() is used to make this happen, as
suggested by Josh Poimboeuf.
Reported-by: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Commit 4914950a ("rcu: Stop treating in-kernel CPU-bound workloads
as errors") added a (relatively) short-timeout call to resched_cpu().
This was inspired by as issue that was fixed by b7e7ade3 ("sched/core:
Fix remote wakeups").  But given that this issue was fixed, it is time
for the current commit to remove this call to resched_cpu().
Reported-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit prepares for the removal of short-term CPU kicking (in a
subsequent commit).  It does so by starting to invoke resched_cpu()
for each holdout at each force-quiescent-state interval that is more
than halfway through the stall-warning interval.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Since commit 7ec99de3 ("rcu: Provide exact CPU-online tracking for
RCU"), the variable mask in rcu_init_percpu_data is set but no longer
used. Remove it to fix the following warning when building with 'W=1':

  kernel/rcu/tree.c: In function ‘rcu_init_percpu_data’:
  kernel/rcu/tree.c:3765:16: warning: variable ‘mask’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

The declarations of __rcu_process_callbacks() and rcu_process_callbacks()
are not needed, as the definition of both of these functions appear before
any uses.  This commit therefore removes both declarations.
Reported-by: "Ahmed, Iftekhar" <ahmedi@oregonstate.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

The print_other_cpu_stall() function currently unconditionally invokes
rcu_print_detail_task_stall().  This is OK because if there was a stall
sufficient to cause print_other_cpu_stall() to be invoked, that stall
is very likely to persist through the entire print_other_cpu_stall()
execution.  However, if the stall did not persist, the variable ndetected
will be zero, and that variable is already tested in an "if" statement.
Therefore, this commit moves the call to rcu_print_detail_task_stall()
under that pre-existing "if" to improve readability, with a very rare
reduction in overhead.
Signed-off-by: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
[ paulmck: Reworked commit log. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Userspace applications should be allowed to expect the membarrier system
call with MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED command to issue memory barriers on
nohz_full CPUs, but synchronize_sched() does not take those into
account.

Given that we do not want unrelated processes to be able to affect
real-time sensitive nohz_full CPUs, simply return ENOSYS when membarrier
is invoked on a kernel with enabled nohz_full CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
CC: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
CC: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.10+]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit switches RCU suspicious-access splats use pr_err()
instead of the current INFO printk()s.  This change makes it easier
to automatically classify splats.
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

RCU_EXPEDITE_BOOT should speed up the boot process by enforcing
synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead of synchronize_rcu() during the boot
process. There should be no reason why one does not want this and there
is no need worry about real time latency at this point.
Therefore make it default.

Note that users wishing to avoid expediting entirely, for example when
bringing up new hardware possibly having flaky IPIs, can use the
rcu_normal boot parameter to override boot-time expediting.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
[ paulmck: Reworded commit log. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit is the second step towards full abstraction of all accesses to
the ->dynticks counter, implementing the previously open-coded atomic
add of zero in a new rcu_dynticks_snap() function.  This abstraction will
ease changes o the ->dynticks counter operation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit is the first step towards full abstraction of all accesses to
the ->dynticks counter, implementing the previously open-coded atomic add
of two in a new rcu_dynticks_momentary_idle() function.  This abstraction
will ease changes to the ->dynticks counter operation.

Note that this commit gets rid of the smp_mb__before_atomic() and the
smp_mb__after_atomic() calls that were previously present.  The reason
that this is OK from a memory-ordering perspective is that the atomic
operation is now atomic_add_return(), which, as a value-returning atomic,
guarantees full ordering.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

The RCU torture tests currently do not run any Tiny RCU scenarios for
CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  This is a hole in the test, given
that someone might need this in real life and given that Tiny RCU uses
different callback-handling code than does Tree RCU.  This commit
therefore enables this Kconfig option for scenario TINY02.
Reported-by: "Ahmed, Iftekhar" <ahmedi@oregonstate.edu>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

When running locktorture module with the below commands with kmemleak enabled:

$ modprobe locktorture torture_type=rw_lock_irq
$ rmmod locktorture

The below kmemleak got caught:

root@10:~# echo scan > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
[  323.197029] kmemleak: 2 new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak)
root@10:~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak
unreferenced object 0xffffffc07592d500 (size 128):
  comm "modprobe", pid 368, jiffies 4294924118 (age 205.824s)
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c3 7b 02 00 00 00 00 00  .........{......
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d7 9b 02 00 00 00 00 00  ................
  backtrace:
    [<ffffff80081e5a88>] create_object+0x110/0x288
    [<ffffff80086c6078>] kmemleak_alloc+0x58/0xa0
    [<ffffff80081d5acc>] __kmalloc+0x234/0x318
    [<ffffff80006fa130>] 0xffffff80006fa130
    [<ffffff8008083ae4>] do_one_initcall+0x44/0x138
    [<ffffff800817e28c>] do_init_module+0x68/0x1cc
    [<ffffff800811c848>] load_module+0x1a68/0x22e0
    [<ffffff800811d340>] SyS_finit_module+0xe0/0xf0
    [<ffffff80080836f0>] el0_svc_naked+0x24/0x28
    [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff
unreferenced object 0xffffffc07592d480 (size 128):
  comm "modprobe", pid 368, jiffies 4294924118 (age 205.824s)
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3b 6f 01 00 00 00 00 00  ........;o......
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 23 6a 01 00 00 00 00 00  ........#j......
  backtrace:
    [<ffffff80081e5a88>] create_object+0x110/0x288
    [<ffffff80086c6078>] kmemleak_alloc+0x58/0xa0
    [<ffffff80081d5acc>] __kmalloc+0x234/0x318
    [<ffffff80006fa22c>] 0xffffff80006fa22c
    [<ffffff8008083ae4>] do_one_initcall+0x44/0x138
    [<ffffff800817e28c>] do_init_module+0x68/0x1cc
    [<ffffff800811c848>] load_module+0x1a68/0x22e0
    [<ffffff800811d340>] SyS_finit_module+0xe0/0xf0
    [<ffffff80080836f0>] el0_svc_naked+0x24/0x28
    [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff

It is because cxt.lwsa and cxt.lrsa don't get freed in module_exit, so free
them in lock_torture_cleanup() and free writer_tasks if reader_tasks is
failed at memory allocation.
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit runs TREE04 and TREE08 with CONFIG_RCU_EQS_DEBUG=y,
enabling dyntick-counter checking on those two tests.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit sets CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC but not CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
for TREE08 in order to have at least one test with this configuration.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit enables the CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD Kconfig option
in TREE02 in order to do at least some testing with this enabled.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit moves CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP,
CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT, and CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT
from CFcommon to all of the TREE scenarios other than TREE08 and TREE09
in order to do at least some testing without these Kconfig options set.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit adds CONFIG_PROVE_RCU_REPEATEDLY=y, which has been untested
for quite some time.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit verifies coverage of testing with CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON=n.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

Now that quick-quiz answers are inline, there is no separate section
containing those answers.  This commit therefore removes the dangling
reference from the RCU data-structures design documentation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>