This patch permits the usage for GPIOs to control
the CTS/RTS/DTR/DSR/DCD/RI signals.

Changed by Stefan:
Only call mctrl_gpio_init(), if the device has no ACPI companion device
to not break existing ACPI based systems. Also only use the mctrl_gpio_
functions when "gpios" is available.

Use MSR / MCR <-> TIOCM wrapper functions.
Signed-off-by: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Cc: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Giulio Benetti <giulio.benetti@micronovasrl.com>
Cc: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch adds a check for the GPIOs property existence, before the
GPIO is requested. This fixes an issue seen when the 8250 mctrl_gpio
support is added (2nd patch in this patch series) on x86 platforms using
ACPI.

Here Mika's comments from 2016-08-09:

"
I noticed that with v4.8-rc1 serial console of some of our Broxton
systems does not work properly anymore. I'm able to see output but input
does not work.

I bisected it down to commit 4ef03d32
("tty/serial/8250: use mctrl_gpio helpers").

The reason why it fails is that in ACPI we do not have names for GPIOs
(except when _DSD is used) so we use the "idx" to index into _CRS GPIO
resources. Now mctrl_gpio_init_noauto() goes through a list of GPIOs
calling devm_gpiod_get_index_optional() passing "idx" of 0 for each. The
UART device in Broxton has following (simplified) ACPI description:

    Device (URT4)
    {
        ...
        Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
            GpioIo (Exclusive, PullDefault, 0x0000, 0x0000, IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
                    "\\_SB.GPO0", 0x00, ResourceConsumer)
            {
                0x003A
            }
            GpioIo (Exclusive, PullDefault, 0x0000, 0x0000, IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
                    "\\_SB.GPO0", 0x00, ResourceConsumer)
            {
                0x003D
            }
        })

In this case it finds the first GPIO (0x003A which happens to be RX pin
for that UART), turns it into GPIO which then breaks input for the UART
device. This also breaks systems with bluetooth connected to UART (those
typically have some GPIOs in their _CRS).

Any ideas how to fix this?

We cannot just drop the _CRS index lookup fallback because that would
break many existing machines out there so maybe we can limit this to
only DT enabled machines. Or alternatively probe if the property first
exists before trying to acquire the GPIOs (using
device_property_present()).
"

This patch implements the fix suggested by Mika in his statement above.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Reviewed-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Cc: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Giulio Benetti <giulio.benetti@micronovasrl.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Fixes: 6bf4e42f ("serial: 8250: Add support for higher baud rates to Pericom chips")
Signed-off-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

A bug was introduced by commit b3b57646 ("tty: serial_core: convert
uart_open to use tty_port_open"). It caused a constant warning printed
into the system log regarding the tty and port counter mismatch:

[   21.644197] ttyS ttySx: tty_port_close_start: tty->count = 1 port count = 2

in case if session hangup was detected so the warning is printed starting
from the second open-close iteration.

Particularly the problem was discovered in situation when there is a
serial tty device without hardware back-end being setup. It is considered
by the tty-serial subsystems as a hardware problem with session hang up.
In this case uart_startup() will return a positive value with TTY_IO_ERROR
flag set in corresponding tty_struct instance. The same value will get
passed to be returned from the activate() callback and then being returned
from tty_port_open(). But since in this case tty_port_block_til_ready()
isn't called the TTY_PORT_ACTIVE flag isn't set (while the method had been
called before tty_port_open conversion was introduced and the rest of the
subsystem code expected the bit being set in this case), which prevents the
uart_hangup() method to perform any cleanups including the tty port
counter setting to zero. So the next attempt to open/close the tty device
will discover the counters mismatch.

In order to fix the problem we need to manually set the TTY_PORT_ACTIVE
flag in case if uart_startup() returned a positive value. In this case
the hang up procedure will perform a full set of cleanup actions including
the port ref-counter resetting.

Fixes: b3b57646 "tty: serial_core: convert uart_open to use tty_port_open"
Signed-off-by: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch adds wrapper functions to convert MSR <-> TIOCM and also
MCR <-> TIOCM. These functions are used now in serial8250_do_set_mctrl()
and serial8250_do_get_mctrl().
Signed-off-by: Stefan Roese <sr@denx.de>
Suggested-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Yegor Yefremov <yegorslists@googlemail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Giulio Benetti <giulio.benetti@micronovasrl.com>
Reviewed-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Factor out similar code pieces that set or clear UART_IER_THRI bit to
serial8250_{set,clear}_THRI() helpers.
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

There is no need to add an out-of-memory error message inside
the driver because the core MM code will take care of it.

Remove the unneeded OOM error message.
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <festevam@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

There is no reason to call return at the end of function which should
return void.

The patch is also remove one checkpatch warning:
WARNING: void function return statements are not generally useful
+	return;
+}

Fixes: 6ee04c6c ("tty: xuartps: Add polled mode support for xuartps")
Signed-off-by: Nava kishore Manne <nava.manne@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch fixes this checkpatch warning:
WARNING: macros should not use a trailing semicolon
+#define to_cdns_uart(_nb) container_of(_nb, struct cdns_uart, \
+		clk_rate_change_nb);

Fixes: d9bb3fb1 ("tty: xuartps: Rebrand driver as Cadence UART")
Signed-off-by: Nava kishore Manne <nava.manne@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Trivial patch which fixes one checkpatch warning:
WARNING: line over 80 characters
+		       !(readl(port->membase + CDNS_UART_SR)
			& CDNS_UART_SR_TXFULL)) {

Fixes: c8dbdc84 ("serial: xuartps: Rewrite the interrupt handling logic")
Signed-off-by: Nava kishore Manne <nava.manne@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Trivial patch which fixes this checkpatch warning:
WARNING: Avoid multiple line dereference - prefer 'port->state->xmit.tail'
+				port->state->xmit.buf[port->state->xmit.
+				tail], port->membase + CDNS_UART_FIFO);

Fixes: c8dbdc84 ("serial: xuartps: Rewrite the interrupt handling logic")
Signed-off-by: Nava kishore Manne <nava.manne@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Octal permission is preffered compare to symbolic one.

This patch fixes checkpatch warnings:
Symbolic permissions 'S_IRUGO' are not preferred. Consider using octal
permissions '0444'.

Fixes: 85baf542 ("tty: xuartps: support 64 byte FIFO size")
Signed-off-by: Nava kishore Manne <nava.manne@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Let kernel to find out major number dynamically for the first device and
then reuse it for other instances.
This fixes the issue that each uart is registered with a
different major number.

After the patch:
crw-------    1 root     root      253,   0 Jun 10 08:31 /dev/ttyPS0
crw--w----    1 root     root      253,   1 Jan  1  1970 /dev/ttyPS1

Fixes: 024ca329 ("serial: uartps: Register own uart console and driver structures")
Signed-off-by: Shubhrajyoti Datta <shubhrajyoti.datta@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

The Pericom chips can achieve additional baud rates by programming the
sample clock register. The baud rates can be described as
921600 * 16 / (16 - scr) for scr values 5 to 15. The divisor is set to 1
for these baud rates.

Adds new quirk for Pericom chips other than the four port chips to use
the
Signed-off-by: Jay Dolan <jay.dolan@accesio.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

imx_uart_set_termios() called imx_uart_rts_active(), or
imx_uart_rts_inactive() before taking port->port.lock.

As a consequence, sport->port.mctrl that these functions modify
could have been changed without holding port->port.lock.

Moved locking of port->port.lock above the calls to fix the issue.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Organov <sorganov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This reverts commit c70669ec as it
breaks the build.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Cc: Bich Hemon <bich.hemon@st.com>
Cc: Erwan Le Ray <erwan.leray@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

The function msm_wait_for_xmitr can be taken with interrupts
disabled. In order to avoid a potential system lockup - demonstrated
under stress testing conditions on SoC QCS404/5 - make sure we wait
for a bounded amount of time.

Tested on SoC QCS404.
Signed-off-by: Jorge Ramirez-Ortiz <jorge.ramirez-ortiz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Interrupt handler checked THRE bit (transmitter holding register
empty) in LSR to detect if TX fifo is empty.
In case when there is only receive interrupts the TX handling
got called because THRE bit in LSR is set when there is no
transmission (FIFO empty). TX handling caused TX stop, which in
RS-485 half-duplex mode actually resets receiver FIFO. This is not
desired during reception because of possible data loss.

The fix is to check if THRI is set in IER in addition of the TX
fifo status. THRI in IER is set when TX is started and cleared
when TX is stopped.
This ensures that TX handling is only called when there is really
transmission on going and an interrupt for THRE and not when there
are only RX interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Kimmo Rautkoski <ext-kimmo.rautkoski@vaisala.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Remove spin_lock_irqsave in stm32_config_rs485, it cause recursive locking.
Already locked in uart_set_rs485_config.

Fixes: 1bcda09d ("serial: stm32: add support for RS485 hardware control mode")
Signed-off-by: Borut Seljak <borut.seljak@t-2.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Deferred probe is an expected return value for clk_get() on many
platforms. The driver deals with it properly, so there's no need
to output a warning that may potentially confuse users.
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

dev_info() is more appropriate for printing messages inside drivers, so
switch to dev_info().
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <festevam@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

dev_info() is more appropriate for printing messages inside drivers, so
switch to dev_info().
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <festevam@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

In order to support Rx in-band wakeup, we need to enable irq wake on an
edge sensitive interrupt of Rx pin before suspend and disable it when
resuming.

This interrupt is used only as wake source to resume the system when
suspended. Note that the sent character will be lost as the controller is
actually suspended.

We use this to support wakeup on bluetooth. Bluetooth will repeatedly send
0xFD to wakeup host. Once host detects Rx falling, an interrupt is
triggered, and the system leaves sleep state. Then, the bluetooth driver
will send 0xFC to bluetooth and bluetooth can start to send normal HCI
packets.
Signed-off-by: Claire Chang <tientzu@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Boichat <drinkcat@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

In case the cable is not connected then the target gets into
an infinite wait for tx empty.
Add a timeout to the tx empty wait.
Reported-by: Jean-Francois Dagenais <jeff.dagenais@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Shubhrajyoti Datta <shubhrajyoti.datta@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Currently we are doing a read of the status register.
Move the spinlock after that as the reads need not be spinlock
protected. This patch prevents relaxing the cpu with spinlock held.
Signed-off-by: Shubhrajyoti Datta <shubhrajyoti.datta@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Modify uart rx and complete for DMA
Signed-off-by: Long Cheng <long.cheng@mediatek.com>
Reviewed-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

When modprobe/rmmod/modprobe module, if platform_driver_register() fails,
the kernel complained,

  proc_dir_entry 'driver/digicolor-usart' already registered
  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5636 at fs/proc/generic.c:360 proc_register+0x19d/0x270

Fix this by adding uart_unregister_driver() when platform_driver_register() fails.
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Fix sparse warning:

drivers/tty/serial/stm32-usart.c:603:14: warning:
 symbol 'stm32_get_databits' was not declared. Should it be static?
Reported-by: Hulk Robot <hulkci@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: YueHaibing <yuehaibing@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Select either pinctrl sleep state in suspend function or default state in
resume function.
Signed-off-by: Bich Hemon <bich.hemon@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Erwan Le Ray <erwan.leray@st.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This reverts commit 84ecc2f6.

con_insert_unipair() is working with a sparse 3-dimensional array:

- p->uni_pgdir[] is the top layer
- p1 points to a middle layer
- p2 points to a bottom layer

If it needs to allocate a new middle layer, and then fails to allocate
a new bottom layer, it would previously free only p2, and now it frees
both p1 and p2.  But since the new middle layer was already registered
in the top layer, it was not leaked.

However, if it looks up an *existing* middle layer and then fails to
allocate a bottom layer, it now frees both p1 and p2 but does *not*
free any other bottom layers under p1.  So it *introduces* a memory
leak.

The error path also cleared the wrong index in p->uni_pgdir[],
introducing a use-after-free.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Fixes: 84ecc2f6 ("consolemap: Fix a memory leaking bug in drivers/tty/vt/consolemap.c")
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

We want the tty/serial fixes in here as well.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two fixes: a quirk for KVM guests running on certain AMD CPUs, and a
  KASAN related build fix"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/CPU/AMD: Don't force the CPB cap when running under a hypervisor
  x86/boot: Provide KASAN compatible aliases for string routines

Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "On the kernel side there's a bunch of ring-buffer ordering fixes for a
  reproducible bug, plus a PEBS constraints regression fix.

  Plus tooling fixes"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  tools headers UAPI: Sync kvm.h headers with the kernel sources
  perf record: Fix s390 missing module symbol and warning for non-root users
  perf machine: Read also the end of the kernel
  perf test vmlinux-kallsyms: Ignore aliases to _etext when searching on kallsyms
  perf session: Add missing swap ops for namespace events
  perf namespace: Protect reading thread's namespace
  tools headers UAPI: Sync drm/drm.h with the kernel
  tools headers UAPI: Sync drm/i915_drm.h with the kernel
  tools headers UAPI: Sync linux/fs.h with the kernel
  tools headers UAPI: Sync linux/sched.h with the kernel
  tools arch x86: Sync asm/cpufeatures.h with the with the kernel
  tools include UAPI: Update copy of files related to new fspick, fsmount, fsconfig, fsopen, move_mount and open_tree syscalls
  perf arm64: Fix mksyscalltbl when system kernel headers are ahead of the kernel
  perf data: Fix 'strncat may truncate' build failure with recent gcc
  perf/ring-buffer: Use regular variables for nesting
  perf/ring-buffer: Always use {READ,WRITE}_ONCE() for rb->user_page data
  perf/ring_buffer: Add ordering to rb->nest increment
  perf/ring_buffer: Fix exposing a temporarily decreased data_head
  perf/x86/intel/ds: Fix EVENT vs. UEVENT PEBS constraints

Pull EFI fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two EFI fixes: a quirk for weird systabs, plus add more robust error
  handling in the old 1:1 mapping code"

* 'efi-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  efi: Allow the number of EFI configuration tables entries to be zero
  efi/x86/Add missing error handling to old_memmap 1:1 mapping code

Pull stacktrace fix from Ingo Molnar:
 "Fix a stack_trace_save_tsk_reliable() regression"

* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  stacktrace: Unbreak stack_trace_save_tsk_reliable()

Pull SPDX fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are just two small patches, that fix up some found SPDX
  identifier issues.

  The first patch fixes an error in a previous SPDX fixup patch, that
  causes build errors when doing 'make clean' on the tree (the fact that
  almost no one noticed it reflects the fact that kernel developers
  don't like doing that option very often...)

  The second patch fixes up a number of places in the tree where people
  mistyped the string "SPDX-License-Identifier". Given that people can
  not even type their own name all the time without mistakes, this was
  bound to happen, and odds are, we will have to add some type of check
  for this to checkpatch.pl to catch this happening in the future.

  Both of these have passed testing by 0-day"

* tag 'spdx-5.2-rc3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
  treewide: fix typos of SPDX-License-Identifier
  crypto: ux500 - fix license comment syntax error

Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman:
 "A minor fix to our IMC PMU code to print a less confusing error
  message when the driver can't initialise properly.

  A fix for a bug where a user requesting an unsupported branch sampling
  filter can corrupt PMU state, preventing the PMU from counting
  properly.

  And finally a fix for a bug in our support for kexec_file_load(),
  which prevented loading a kernel and initramfs. Most versions of kexec
  don't yet use kexec_file_load().

  Thanks to: Anju T Sudhakar, Dave Young, Madhavan Srinivasan, Ravi
  Bangoria, Thiago Jung Bauermann"

* tag 'powerpc-5.2-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
  powerpc/kexec: Fix loading of kernel + initramfs with kexec_file_load()
  powerpc/perf: Fix MMCRA corruption by bhrb_filter
  powerpc/powernv: Return for invalid IMC domain

Pull KVM fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "Fixes for PPC and s390"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Restore SPRG3 in kvmhv_p9_guest_entry()
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix lockdep warning when entering guest on POWER9
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Fix page offset when clearing ESB pages
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Take the srcu read lock when accessing memslots
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Do not clear IRQ data of passthrough interrupts
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Introduce a new mutex for the XIVE device
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Fix the enforced limit on the vCPU identifier
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Do not test the EQ flag validity when resetting
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: XIVE: Clear file mapping when device is released
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Don't take kvm->lock around kvm_for_each_vcpu
  KVM: PPC: Book3S: Use new mutex to synchronize access to rtas token list
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Use new mutex to synchronize MMU setup
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Avoid touching arch.mmu_ready in XIVE release functions
  KVM: s390: Do not report unusabled IDs via KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPU_ID
  kvm: fix compile on s390 part 2

Pull i2c fixes from Wolfram Sang:
 "A memleak fix for the core, two driver bugfixes, as well as fixing
  missing file patterns to MAINTAINERS"

* 'i2c/for-current' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wsa/linux:
  MAINTAINERS: add I2C DT bindings to ARM platforms
  MAINTAINERS: add DT bindings to i2c drivers
  i2c: synquacer: fix synquacer_i2c_doxfer() return value
  i2c: mlxcpld: Fix wrong initialization order in probe
  i2c: dev: fix potential memory leak in i2cdev_ioctl_rdwr