Spotted by Hiroshi Shimamoto who also provided the test-case below.

copy_process() uses signal->count as a reference counter, but it is not.
This test case

	#include <sys/types.h>
	#include <sys/wait.h>
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <errno.h>
	#include <pthread.h>

	void *null_thread(void *p)
	{
		for (;;)
			sleep(1);

		return NULL;
	}

	void *exec_thread(void *p)
	{
		execl("/bin/true", "/bin/true", NULL);

		return null_thread(p);
	}

	int main(int argc, char **argv)
	{
		for (;;) {
			pid_t pid;
			int ret, status;

			pid = fork();
			if (pid < 0)
				break;

			if (!pid) {
				pthread_t tid;

				pthread_create(&tid, NULL, exec_thread, NULL);
				for (;;)
					pthread_create(&tid, NULL, null_thread, NULL);
			}

			do {
				ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
			} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
		}

		return 0;
	}

quickly creates an unkillable task.

If copy_process(CLONE_THREAD) races with de_thread()
copy_signal()->atomic(signal->count) breaks the signal->notify_count
logic, and the execing thread can hang forever in kernel space.

Change copy_process() to increment count/live only when we know for sure
we can't fail.  In this case the forked thread will take care of its
reference to signal correctly.

If copy_process() fails, check CLONE_THREAD flag.  If it it set - do
nothing, the counters were not changed and current belongs to the same
thread group.  If it is not set, ->signal must be released in any case
(and ->count must be == 1), the forked child is the only thread in the
thread group.

We need more cleanups here, in particular signal->count should not be used
by de_thread/__exit_signal at all.  This patch only fixes the bug.
Reported-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Tested-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

An mlocked page might lose the isolatation race.  This causes the page to
clear PG_mlocked while it remains in a VM_LOCKED vma.  This means it can
be put onto the [in]active list.  We can rescue it by using try_to_unmap()
in shrink_page_list().

But now, As Wu Fengguang pointed out, vmscan has a bug.  If the page has
PG_referenced, it can't reach try_to_unmap() in shrink_page_list() but is
put into the active list.  If the page is referenced repeatedly, it can
remain on the [in]active list without being moving to the unevictable
list.

This patch fixes it.
Reported-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <&lt;kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It's problematic to allow signed element_nr's or total's to be passed as
part of the flex array API.

flex_array_alloc() allows total_nr_elements to be set to a negative
quantity, which is obviously erroneous.

flex_array_get() and flex_array_put() allows negative array indices in
dereferencing an array part, which could address memory mapped before
struct flex_array.

The fix is to convert all existing element_nr formals to be qualified as
unsigned.  Existing checks to compare it to total_nr_elements or the max
array size based on element_size need not be changed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The `parts' member of struct flex_array should evaluate to an incomplete
type so that sizeof() cannot be used and C99 does not require the
zero-length specification.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

flex_array_free_parts() does not take `src' or `element_nr' formals, so
remove their respective comments.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If all array elements fit into the base structure and data is copied using
flex_array_put() starting at a non-zero index, flex_array_get() will fail
to return the data.

This fixes the bug by only checking for NULL parts when all elements do
not fit in the base structure when flex_array_get() is used.  Otherwise,
fa_element_to_part_nr() will always be 0 since there are no parts
structures needed and such element may never have been put.  Thus, it will
remain NULL due to the kzalloc() of the base.

Additionally, flex_array_put() now only checks for a NULL part when all
elements do not fit in the base structure.  This is otherwise unnecessary
since the base structure is guaranteed to exist (or we would have already
hit a NULL pointer).
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix incorrect verdict check and returns error if device_create failed,
otherwise driver triggers kernel oops.

Signed-off-by: Joonwoo Park<joonwpark81@gmail.com>
Cc: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@enneenne.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6:
  irda/sa1100_ir: fix broken netdev_ops conversion
  irda/au1k_ir: fix broken netdev_ops conversion
  pkt_sched: Fix bogon in tasklet_hrtimer changes.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6:
  sparc64: Validate linear D-TLB misses.
  sparc64: Update defconfig.
  sparc32: Update defconfig.
  sparc32: Kill trap table freeing code.
  sparc: sys32.S incorrect compat-layer splice() system call
  sparc: Use page_fault_out_of_memory() for VM_FAULT_OOM.
  sparc64: Sign extend length arg to truncate syscalls when compat.
  sparc: Fix cleanup crash in bbc_envctrl_cleanup()

This patch is based on commit d2f3ad4c (pxaficp-ir: remove incorrect
net_device_ops). Do the same for sa1100_ir.
Untested.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This patch is based on commit d2f3ad4c (pxaficp-ir: remove incorrect
net_device_ops). Do the same for au1k_ir.
Untested.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

When page alloc debugging is not enabled, we essentially accept any
virtual address for linear kernel TLB misses.  But with kgdb, kernel
address probing, and other facilities we can try to access arbitrary
crap.

So, make sure the address we miss on will translate to physical memory
that actually exists.

In order to make this work we have to embed the valid address bitmap
into the kernel image.  And in order to make that less expensive we
make an adjustment, in that the max physical memory address is
decreased to "1 << 41", even on the chips that support a 42-bit
physical address space.  We can do this because bit 41 indicates
"I/O space" and thus covers non-memory ranges.

The result of this is that:

1) kpte_linear_bitmap shrinks from 2K to 1K in size

2) we need 64K more for the valid address bitmap

We can't let the valid address bitmap be dynamically allocated
once we start using it to validate TLB misses, otherwise we have
crazy issues to deal with wrt. recursive TLB misses and such.

If we're in a TLB miss it could be the deepest trap level that's legal
inside of the cpu.  So if we TLB miss referencing the bitmap, the cpu
will be out of trap levels and enter RED state.

To guard against out-of-range accesses to the bitmap, we have to check
to make sure no bits in the physical address above bit 40 are set.  We
could export and use last_valid_pfn for this check, but that's just an
unnecessary extra memory reference.

On the plus side of all this, since we load all of these translations
into the special 4MB mapping TSB, and we check the TSB first for TLB
misses, there should be absolutely no real cost for these new checks
in the TLB miss path.

Reported-by: heyongli@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Merge branch 'perfcounters-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'perfcounters-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  perf_counter: Fix typo in read() output generation
  perf tools: Check perf.data owner

Merge branch 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  dma-debug: Fix check_unmap null pointer dereference

Merge branch 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  clockevent: Prevent dead lock on clockevents_lock
  timers: Drop write permission on /proc/timer_list

Merge branch 'tracing-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'tracing-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  tracing: Fix too large stack usage in do_one_initcall()
  tracing: handle broken names in ftrace filter
  ftrace: Unify effect of writing to trace_options and option/*

Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86: Fix build with older binutils and consolidate linker script
  x86: Fix an incorrect argument of reserve_bootmem()
  x86: add vmlinux.lds to targets in arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
  xen: rearrange things to fix stackprotector
  x86: make sure load_percpu_segment has no stackprotector
  i386: Fix section mismatches for init code with !HOTPLUG_CPU
  x86, pat: Allow ISA memory range uncacheable mapping requests

* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs-2.6:
  ext3: Improve error message that changing journaling mode on remount is not possible
  ext3: Update Kconfig description of EXT3_DEFAULTS_TO_ORDERED

* 'fix/misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
  sound: pcm_lib: fix unsorted list constraint handling
  sound: vx222: fix input level control range check
  ALSA: ali5451: fix timeout handling in snd_ali_{codecs,timer}_ready()

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wim/linux-2.6-watchdog:
  [WATCHDOG] ar7_wdt: fix path to ar7-specific headers

When I rewrote tty ldisc code to use proper reference counts (commits
65b77046 and cbe9352f) in order to avoid a race with hangup, the
test-program that Eric Biederman used to trigger the original problem
seems to have exposed another long-standing bug: the hangup code did the
'tty_ldisc_halt()' to stop any buffer flushing activity, but unlike the
other call sites it never actually flushed any pending work.

As a result, if you get just the right timing, the pending work may be
just about to execute (ie the timer has already triggered and thus
cancel_delayed_work() was a no-op), when we then re-initialize the ldisc
from under it.

That, in turn, results in various random problems, usually seen as a
NULL pointer dereference in run_timer_softirq() or a BUG() in
worker_thread (but it can be almost anything).

Fix it by adding the required 'flush_scheduled_work()' after doing the
tty_ldisc_halt() (this also requires us to move the ldisc halt to before
taking the ldisc mutex in order to avoid a deadlock with the workqueue
executing do_tty_hangup, which requires the mutex).

The locking should be cleaned up one day (the requirement to do this
outside the ldisc_mutex is very annoying, and weakens the lock), but
that's a larger and separate undertaking.
Reported-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Tested-by: Xiaotian Feng <xtfeng@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Yanmin Zhang <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

binutils prior to 2.17 can't deal with the currently possible
situation of a new segment following the per-CPU segment, but
that new segment being empty - objcopy misplaces the .bss (and
perhaps also the .brk) sections outside of any segment.

However, the current ordering of sections really just appears
to be the effect of cumulative unrelated changes; re-ordering
things allows to easily guarantee that the segment following
the per-CPU one is non-empty, and at once eliminates the need
for the bogus data.init2 segment.

Once touching this code, also use the various data section
helper macros from include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h.

-v2: fix !SMP builds.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: <sam@ravnborg.org>
LKML-Reference: <4A94085D02000078000119A5@vpn.id2.novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

snd_interval_list() expected a sorted list but did not document this, so
there are drivers that give it an unsorted list.  To fix this, change
the algorithm to work with any list.

This fixes the "Slave PCM not usable" error with USB devices that have
multiple alternate settings with sample rates in decreasing order, such
as the Philips Askey VC010 WebCam.

http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14028Reported-and-tested-by: Andrzej <adkadk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Reported by Stephen Rothwell, luckily it's harmless:

net/sched/sch_api.c: In function 'qdisc_watchdog':
net/sched/sch_api.c:460: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
net/sched/sch_cbq.c: In function 'cbq_undelay':
net/sched/sch_cbq.c:595: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Commit 76db6d95 (nfs41: add session setup
to the state manager) introduces an infinite loop possibility in the NFSv4
state manager. By first checking nfs4_has_session() before clearing the
NFS4CLNT_SESSION_SETUP flag, it allows for a situation where someone sets
that flag, but it never gets cleared, and so the state manager loops.

In fact commit c3fad1b1 (nfs41: add session
reset to state manager) causes this to happen every time we get a network
partition error.
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel.blueman@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jlbec/ocfs2:
  ocfs2/dlm: Wait on lockres instead of erroring cancel requests
  ocfs2: Add missing lock name
  ocfs2: Don't oops in ocfs2_kill_sb on a failed mount
  ocfs2: release the buffer head in ocfs2_do_truncate.
  ocfs2: Handle quota file corruption more gracefully

* 'fixes' of git://git.marvell.com/orion:
  [ARM] Orion NAND: Make asm volatile avoid GCC pushing ldrd out of the loop
  [ARM] Kirkwood: enable eSATA on QNAP TS-219P
  [ARM] Kirkwood: __init requires linux/init.h

2.6.30's commit 8a0bdec1 removed
user_shm_lock() calls in hugetlb_file_setup() but left the
user_shm_unlock call in shm_destroy().

In detail:
Assume that can_do_hugetlb_shm() returns true and hence user_shm_lock()
is not called in hugetlb_file_setup(). However, user_shm_unlock() is
called in any case in shm_destroy() and in the following
atomic_dec_and_lock(&up->__count) in free_uid() is executed and if
up->__count gets zero, also cleanup_user_struct() is scheduled.

Note that sched_destroy_user() is empty if CONFIG_USER_SCHED is not set.
However, the ref counter up->__count gets unexpectedly non-positive and
the corresponding structs are freed even though there are live
references to them, resulting in a kernel oops after a lots of
shmget(SHM_HUGETLB)/shmctl(IPC_RMID) cycles and CONFIG_USER_SCHED set.

Hugh changed Stefan's suggested patch: can_do_hugetlb_shm() at the
time of shm_destroy() may give a different answer from at the time
of hugetlb_file_setup().  And fixed newseg()'s no_id error path,
which has missed user_shm_unlock() ever since it came in 2.6.9.
Reported-by: Stefan Huber <shuber2@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Tested-by: Stefan Huber <shuber2@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'drm-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6:
  drm/radeon/kms: Fix radeon_gem_busy_ioctl harder.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hskinnemoen/avr32-2.6:
  favr32: improve touchscreen response
  avr32/lib: fix unaligned memcpy where len < 4
  avr32/lib: fix unaligned memcpy()

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input:
  Input: ucb1400_ts - enable interrupt unconditionally
  Input: ucb1400_ts - enable ADC Filter
  Input: wacom - don't use on-stack memory for report buffers
  Input: iforce - support new revision of ACT LABS Force RS
  Input: joydev - decouple axis and button map ioctls from input constants

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6:
  smc91x: let smc91x work well under netpoll
  pxaficp-ir: remove incorrect net_device_ops
  NET: llc, zero sockaddr_llc struct
  drivers/net: fixed drivers that support netpoll use ndo_start_xmit()
  netpoll: warning for ndo_start_xmit returns with interrupts enabled
  net: Fix Micrel KSZ8842 Kconfig description
  netfilter: xt_quota: fix wrong return value (error case)
  ipv6: Fix commit 63d9950b (ipv6: Make v4-mapped bindings consistent with IPv4)
  E100: fix interaction with swiotlb on X86.
  pkt_sched: Convert CBQ to tasklet_hrtimer.
  pkt_sched: Convert qdisc_watchdog to tasklet_hrtimer
  rtl8187: always set MSR_LINK_ENEDCA flag with RTL8187B
  ibm_newemac: emac_close() needs to call netif_carrier_off()
  net: fix ks8851 build errors
  net: Rename MAC platform driver for w90p910 platform
  yellowfin: Fix buffer underrun after dev_alloc_skb() failure
  orinoco: correct key bounds check in orinoco_hw_get_tkip_iv
  mac80211: fix todo lock

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/security-testing-2.6

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/security-testing-2.6:
  ima: hashing large files bug fix
  kernel_read: redefine offset type

This line looks suspicious, because if this is true, then the
'flags' parameter of function reserve_bootmem_generic() will be
unused when !CONFIG_NUMA. I don't think this is what we want.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
LKML-Reference: <20090821083709.5098.52505.sendpatchset@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

GCC 4.3.3 and 4.4.1 happily moves the dword load instruction out of the
loop in orion_nand_read_buf. This patch makes the instruction volatile
to avoid the issue. I've discussed this at gcc-help, refer to the thread
at

  http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-help/2009-08/msg00187.html

The early clobber is added to avoid the destination registers and the
source register overlapping.
Signed-off-by: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom@netinsight.net>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>

Initialize PCI/PCIe on the QNAP TS-119, TS-219 and TS-219P hardware
allowing the use of the discrete eSATA controller connected to the PCIe
bus in the TS-219P.
Signed-off-by: John Holland <john.holland@cellent-fs.de>
Tested-by: Thomas Reitmayr <treitmayr@devbase.at>
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>

Include linux/init.h for __init to fix this error:

CC [M]  drivers/net/wireless/wl12xx/boot.o
In file included from arch/arm/mach-kirkwood/include/mach/gpio.h:13,
                 from arch/arm/include/asm/gpio.h:5,
                 from include/linux/gpio.h:7,
                 from drivers/net/wireless/wl12xx/boot.c:24:
arch/arm/plat-orion/include/plat/gpio.h:32: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘orion_gpio_init’
make[6]: *** [drivers/net/wireless/wl12xx/boot.o] Error 1
make[5]: *** [drivers/net/wireless/wl12xx] Error 2
Signed-off-by: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>

This patch makes the error message about changing journaling mode on remount
more descriptive. Some people are going to hit this error now due to commit
bbae8bcc if they configure a kernel to default
to data=writeback mode. The problem happens if they have data=ordered set for
the root filesystem in /etc/fstab but not in the kernel command line (and they
don't use initrd). Their filesystem then gets mounted as data=writeback by
kernel but then their boot fails because init scripts won't be able to remount
the filesystem rw. Better error message will hopefully make it easier for them
to find the error in their setup and bother us less with error reports :).
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

The old description for this configuration option was perhaps not
completely balanced in terms of describing the tradeoffs of using a
default of data=writeback vs. data=ordered.  Despite the fact that old
description very strongly recomended disabling this feature, all of
the major distributions have elected to preserve the existing 'legacy'
default, which is a strong hint that it perhaps wasn't telling the
whole story.

This revised description has been vetted by a number of ext3
developers as being better at informing the user about the tradeoffs
of enabling or disabling this configuration feature.

Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Fix a logic error in the range check of the input level control that
would prevent setting any volume less than the maximum.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>