Smatch complains that "val" would be uninitialized if kstrtoul() fails.

Fixes: 9a08862a ("vDSO for sparc")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

First, the trap number for 32-bit syscalls is 0x10.

Also, only negate the return value when syscall error is indicated by
the carry bit being set.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Helge writes:
   "parisc fix:

    Fix an unitialized variable usage in the parisc unwind code."

* 'parisc-4.19-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linux:
  parisc: Fix uninitialized variable usage in unwind.c

Stephen writes:
  "clk fixes for v4.19-rc8

   One fix for the Allwinner A10 SoC's audio PLL that wasn't properly
   set and generating noise."

* tag 'clk-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/clk/linux:
  clk: sunxi-ng: sun4i: Set VCO and PLL bias current to lowest setting

David writes:
  "Sparc fixes

   1) Revert the %pOF change, it causes regressions.

   2) Wire up io_pgetevents().

   3) Fix perf events on single-PCR sparc64 cpus.

   4) Do proper perf event throttling like arm and x86."

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc:
  Revert "sparc: Convert to using %pOFn instead of device_node.name"
  sparc64: Set %l4 properly on trap return after handling signals.
  sparc64: Make proc_id signed.
  sparc: Throttle perf events properly.
  sparc: Fix single-pcr perf event counter management.
  sparc: Wire up io_pgetevents system call.
  sunvdc: Remove VLA usage

Paul writes:
  "SELinux fixes for v4.19

   We've got one SELinux "fix" that I'd like to get into v4.19 if
   possible.  I'm using double quotes on "fix" as this is just an update
   to the MAINTAINERS file and not a code change.  From my perspective,
   MAINTAINERS updates generally don't warrant inclusion during the -rcX
   phase, but this is a change to the mailing list location so it seemed
   prudent to get this in before v4.19 is released"

* tag 'selinux-pr-20181015' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux:
  MAINTAINERS: update the SELinux mailing list location

As noticed by Dave Anglin, the last commit introduced a small bug where
the potentially uninitialized r struct is used instead of the regs
pointer as input for unwind_frame_init(). Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Reported-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>

This reverts commit 0b9871a3.

Causes crashes with qemu, interacts badly with commit commit
6d0a70a2 ("vsprintf: print OF node name using full_name")
etc.
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

The recent patch to fix the afs_server struct leak didn't actually fix the
bug, but rather fixed some of the symptoms.  The problem is that an
asynchronous call that holds a resource pointed to by call->reply[0] will
find the pointer cleared in the call destructor, thereby preventing the
resource from being cleaned up.

In the case of the server record leak, the afs_fs_get_capabilities()
function in devel code sets up a call with reply[0] pointing at the server
record that should be altered when the result is obtained, but this was
being cleared before the destructor was called, so the put in the
destructor does nothing and the record is leaked.

Commit f014ffb0 removed the additional ref obtained by
afs_install_server(), but the removal of this ref is actually used by the
garbage collector to mark a server record as being defunct after the record
has expired through lack of use.

The offending clearance of call->reply[0] upon completion in
afs_process_async_call() has been there from the origin of the code, but
none of the asynchronous calls actually use that pointer currently, so it
should be safe to remove (note that synchronous calls don't involve this
function).

Fix this by the following means:

 (1) Revert commit f014ffb0.

 (2) Remove the clearance of reply[0] from afs_process_async_call().

Without this, afs_manage_servers() will suffer an assertion failure if it
sees a server record that didn't get used because the usage count is not 1.

Fixes: f014ffb0 ("afs: Fix afs_server struct leak")
Fixes: 08e0e7c8 ("[AF_RXRPC]: Make the in-kernel AFS filesystem use AF_RXRPC.")
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

If we did some signal processing, we have to reload the pt_regs
tstate register because it's value may have changed.

In doing so we also have to extract the %pil value contained in there
anre load that into %l4.

This value is at bit 20 and thus needs to be shifted down before we
later write it into the %pil register.

Most of the time this is harmless as we are returning to userspace
and the %pil is zero for that case.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

So that when it is unset, ie. '-1', userspace can see it
properly.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Dan writes:
  "libnvdimm/dax 4.19-rc8

   * Fix a livelock in dax_layout_busy_page() present since v4.18. The
     lockup triggers when truncating an actively mapped huge page out of
     a mapping pinned for direct-I/O.

   * Fix mprotect() clobbers of _PAGE_DEVMAP. Broken since v4.5
     mprotect() clears this flag that is needed to communicate the
     liveness of device pages to the get_user_pages() path."

* tag 'libnvdimm-fixes-4.19-rc8' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm:
  mm: Preserve _PAGE_DEVMAP across mprotect() calls
  filesystem-dax: Fix dax_layout_busy_page() livelock

Wolfram writes:
  "i2c fix for 4.19:

   I2C has one documentation bugfix for something we changed during the
   v4.19 cycle"

* 'i2c/for-current' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wsa/linux:
  i2c: Fix kerneldoc for renamed i2c dma put function

Paolo writes:
  "KVM fixes for 4.19-rc8

   Leftover bugfixes."

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  KVM: vmx: hyper-v: don't pass EPT configuration info to vmx_hv_remote_flush_tlb()
  KVM: x86: support CONFIG_KVM_AMD=y with CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_CCP_DD=m
  ARM: KVM: Correctly order SGI register entries in the cp15 array

I'm observing random crashes in multi-vCPU L2 guests running on KVM on
Hyper-V. I bisected the issue to the commit 877ad952 ("KVM: vmx: Add
tlb_remote_flush callback support"). Hyper-V TLFS states:

"AddressSpace specifies an address space ID (an EPT PML4 table pointer)"

So apparently, Hyper-V doesn't expect us to pass naked EPTP, only PML4
pointer should be used. Strip off EPT configuration information before
calling into vmx_hv_remote_flush_tlb().

Fixes: 877ad952 ("KVM: vmx: Add tlb_remote_flush callback support")
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

ubifs_assert() is not WARN_ON(), so we have to invert
the checks.
Randy faced this warning with UBIFS being a module, since
most users use UBIFS as builtin because UBIFS is the rootfs
nobody noticed so far. :-(
Including me.
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Fixes: 54169ddd ("ubifs: Turn two ubifs_assert() into a WARN_ON()")
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Fixes from Andrew:

* akpm:
  fs/fat/fatent.c: add cond_resched() to fat_count_free_clusters()
  mm/thp: fix call to mmu_notifier in set_pmd_migration_entry() v2
  mm/mmap.c: don't clobber partially overlapping VMA with MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
  ocfs2: fix a GCC warning

On non-preempt kernels this loop can take a long time (more than 50 ticks)
processing through entries.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181010172623.57033-1-khazhy@google.comSigned-off-by: Khazhismel Kumykov <khazhy@google.com>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Inside set_pmd_migration_entry() we are holding page table locks and thus
we can not sleep so we can not call invalidate_range_start/end()

So remove call to mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start/end() because they
are call inside the function calling set_pmd_migration_entry() (see
try_to_unmap_one()).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181012181056.7864-1-jglisse@redhat.comSigned-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Daniel Micay reports that attempting to use MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE in an
application causes that application to randomly crash.  The existing check
for handling MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE looks up the first VMA that either
overlaps or follows the requested region, and then bails out if that VMA
overlaps *the start* of the requested region.  It does not bail out if the
VMA only overlaps another part of the requested region.

Fix it by checking that the found VMA only starts at or after the end of
the requested region, in which case there is no overlap.

Test case:

user@debian:~$ cat mmap_fixed_simple.c
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#ifndef MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
#define MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE 0x100000
#endif

int main(void) {
  char *p;

  errno = 0;
  p = mmap((void*)0x10001000, 0x4000, PROT_NONE,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE, -1, 0);
  printf("p1=%p err=%m\n", p);

  errno = 0;
  p = mmap((void*)0x10000000, 0x2000, PROT_READ,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE, -1, 0);
  printf("p2=%p err=%m\n", p);

  char cmd[100];
  sprintf(cmd, "cat /proc/%d/maps", getpid());
  system(cmd);

  return 0;
}
user@debian:~$ gcc -o mmap_fixed_simple mmap_fixed_simple.c
user@debian:~$ ./mmap_fixed_simple
p1=0x10001000 err=Success
p2=0x10000000 err=Success
10000000-10002000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0
10002000-10005000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
564a9a06f000-564a9a070000 r-xp 00000000 fe:01 264004
  /home/user/mmap_fixed_simple
564a9a26f000-564a9a270000 r--p 00000000 fe:01 264004
  /home/user/mmap_fixed_simple
564a9a270000-564a9a271000 rw-p 00001000 fe:01 264004
  /home/user/mmap_fixed_simple
564a9a54a000-564a9a56b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [heap]
7f8eba447000-7f8eba5dc000 r-xp 00000000 fe:01 405885
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f8eba5dc000-7f8eba7dc000 ---p 00195000 fe:01 405885
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f8eba7dc000-7f8eba7e0000 r--p 00195000 fe:01 405885
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f8eba7e0000-7f8eba7e2000 rw-p 00199000 fe:01 405885
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f8eba7e2000-7f8eba7e6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8eba7e6000-7f8eba809000 r-xp 00000000 fe:01 405876
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
7f8eba9e9000-7f8eba9eb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8ebaa06000-7f8ebaa09000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8ebaa09000-7f8ebaa0a000 r--p 00023000 fe:01 405876
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
7f8ebaa0a000-7f8ebaa0b000 rw-p 00024000 fe:01 405876
  /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
7f8ebaa0b000-7f8ebaa0c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffcc99fa000-7ffcc9a1b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7ffcc9b44000-7ffcc9b47000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0                          [vvar]
7ffcc9b47000-7ffcc9b49000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0
  [vsyscall]
user@debian:~$ uname -a
Linux debian 4.19.0-rc6+ #181 SMP Wed Oct 3 23:43:42 CEST 2018 x86_64 GNU/Linux
user@debian:~$

As you can see, the first page of the mapping at 0x10001000 was clobbered.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181010152736.99475-1-jannh@google.com
Fixes: a4ff8e86 ("mm: introduce MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE")
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Fix the following compile warning:

fs/ocfs2/dlmglue.c:99:30: warning: ‘lockdep_keys’ defined but not used [-Wunused-variable]
 static struct lock_class_key lockdep_keys[OCFS2_NUM_LOCK_TYPES];

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536938148-32110-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Jens writes:
  "block fix for 4.19-rc

   Just a single fix that should go in, fixing a regression introduced
   in the blk-wbt code."

* tag 'for-linus-20181012' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  blk-wbt: wake up all when we scale up, not down

Andreas writes:
  "gfs2 4.19 fixes

   Fix iomap buffered write support for journaled files"

* tag 'gfs2-4.19.fixes3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gfs2/linux-gfs2:
  gfs2: Fix iomap buffered write support for journaled files (2)

Will writes:
  "More arm64 fixes

   - Reject CHAIN PMU events when they are not part of a 64-bit counter

   - Fix WARN_ON_ONCE() that triggers for reserved regions that don't
     correspond to mapped memory"

* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
  arm64: perf: Reject stand-alone CHAIN events for PMUv3
  arm64: Fix /proc/iomem for reserved but not memory regions

Like x86 and arm, call perf_sample_event_took() in perf event
NMI interrupt handler.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

It is important to clear the hw->state value for non-stopped events
when they are added into the PMU.  Otherwise when the event is
scheduled out, we won't read the counter because HES_UPTODATE is still
set.  This breaks 'perf stat' and similar use cases, causing all the
events to show zero.

This worked for multi-pcr because we make explicit sparc_pmu_start()
calls in calculate_multiple_pcrs().  calculate_single_pcr() doesn't do
this because the idea there is to accumulate all of the counter
settings into the single pcr value.  So we have to add explicit
hw->state handling there.

Like x86, we use the PERF_HES_ARCH bit to track truly stopped events
so that we don't accidently start them on a reload.

Related to all of this, sparc_pmu_start() is missing a userpage update
so add it.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Arnd writes:
  "ARM: SoC fixes for 4.19

   Two last minute bugfixes, both for NXP platforms:

   * The Layerscape 'qbman' infrastructure suffers from probe ordering
     bugs in some configurations, a two-patch series adds a hotfix for
     this. 4.20 will have a longer set of patches to rework it.

   * The old imx53-qsb board regressed in 4.19 after the addition
     of cpufreq support, adding a set of explicit operating points
     fixes this."

* tag 'armsoc-fixes-4.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc:
  soc: fsl: qman_portals: defer probe after qman's probe
  soc: fsl: qbman: add APIs to retrieve the probing status
  ARM: dts: imx53-qsb: disable 1.2GHz OPP

Fix a leak of afs_server structs.  The routine that installs them in the
various lookup lists and trees gets a ref on leaving the function, whether
it added the server or a server already exists.  It shouldn't increment
the refcount if it added the server.

The effect of this that "rmmod kafs" will hang waiting for the leaked
server to become unused.

Fixes: d2ddc776 ("afs: Overhaul volume and server record caching and fileserver rotation")
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Just drop the "linux" part of the path, it was never correct.
Reported-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Fixes: 256ac037 ("dt-bindings: document devicetree bindings for mux-controllers and gpio-mux")
Signed-off-by: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

The file is GPL v2 or later.
Acked-by: Mircea Caprioru <mircea.caprioru@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Rosin <peda@axentia.se>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

It turns out that the fix in commit 6636c3cc56 is bad; the assertion
that the iomap code no longer creates buffer heads is incorrect for
filesystems that set the IOMAP_F_BUFFER_HEAD flag.

Instead, what's happening is that gfs2_iomap_begin_write treats all
files that have the jdata flag set as journaled files, which is
incorrect as long as those files are inline ("stuffed").  We're handling
stuffed files directly via the page cache, which is why we ended up with
pages without buffer heads in gfs2_page_add_databufs.

Fix this by handling stuffed journaled files correctly in
gfs2_iomap_begin_write.

This reverts commit 6636c3cc5690c11631e6366cf9a28fb99c8b25bb.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>

It doesn't make sense for a perf event to be configured as a CHAIN event
in isolation, so extend the arm_pmu structure with a ->filter_match()
function to allow the backend PMU implementation to reject CHAIN events
early.

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>

We describe ranges of 'reserved' memory to userspace via /proc/iomem.
Commit 50d7ba36 ("arm64: export memblock_reserve()d regions via
/proc/iomem") updated the logic to export regions that were reserved
because their contents should be preserved. This allowed kexec-tools
to tell the difference between 'reserved' memory that must be
preserved and not overwritten, (e.g. the ACPI tables), and 'nomap'
memory that must not be touched without knowing the memory-attributes
(e.g. RAS CPER regions).

The above commit wrongly assumed that memblock_reserve() would not
be used to reserve regions that aren't memory. It turns out this is
exactly what early_init_dt_reserve_memory_arch() will do if it finds
a DT reserved-memory that was also carved out of the memory node, which
results in a WARN_ON_ONCE() and the region being reserved instead of
ignored. The ramoops description on hikey and dragonboard-410c both do
this, so we can't simply write this configuration off as "buggy firmware".

Avoid this issue by rewriting reserve_memblock_reserved_regions() so
that only the portions of reserved regions which overlap with mapped
memory are actually reserved.

Fixes: 50d7ba36 ("arm64: export memblock_reserve()d regions via /proc/iomem")
Reported-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Reported-by: Paolo Pisati <p.pisati@gmail.com>
CC: Akashi Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
CC: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>

Access to the list of cells by /proc/net/afs/cells has a couple of
problems:

 (1) It should be checking against SEQ_START_TOKEN for the keying the
     header line.

 (2) It's only holding the RCU read lock, so it can't just walk over the
     list without following the proper RCU methods.

Fix these by using an hlist instead of an ordinary list and using the
appropriate accessor functions to follow it with RCU.

Since the code that adds a cell to the list must also necessarily change,
sort the list on insertion whilst we're at it.

Fixes: 989782dc ("afs: Overhaul cell database management")
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Ulf writes:
   "MMC core:
    - Avoid fragile multiblock reads for the last sector in SPI mode
    WIFI/SDIO:
    - libertas: Fixup suspend sequence for the SDIO card"

* tag 'mmc-v4.19-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/mmc:
  libertas: call into generic suspend code before turning off power
  mmc: block: avoid multiblock reads for the last sector in SPI mode

Linus writes:
  "GPIO fix for the v4.19 series:
   - Fix up the interrupt parent for the irqdomains."

* tag 'gpio-v4.19-4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio:
  gpio: Assign gpio_irq_chip::parents to non-stack pointer

Linus writes:
  "pin control fix for v4.19:

   A single pin control fix for v4.19:
   - Interrupt setup in the MCP23S08 driver."

* tag 'pinctrl-v4.19-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl:
  pinctrl: mcp23s08: fix irq and irqchip setup order

Boris writes:
  "mdt: fix for 4.19-rc8

   * Fix a stack overflow in lib/bch.c"

* tag 'mtd/fixes-for-4.19-rc8' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd:
  lib/bch: fix possible stack overrun

Dave writes:
  "drm fixes for 4.19-rc8

   single nouveau runtime reference and mst change"

* tag 'drm-fixes-2018-10-12-1' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm:
  drm/nouveau/drm/nouveau: Grab runtime PM ref in nv50_mstc_detect()