- 28 Jul, 2016 40 commits
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Vlastimil Babka authored
In the context of direct compaction, for some types of allocations we would like the compaction to either succeed or definitely fail while trying as hard as possible. Current async/sync_light migration mode is insufficient, as there are heuristics such as caching scanner positions, marking pageblocks as unsuitable or deferring compaction for a zone. At least the final compaction attempt should be able to override these heuristics. To communicate how hard compaction should try, we replace migration mode with a new enum compact_priority and change the relevant function signatures. In compact_zone_order() where struct compact_control is constructed, the priority is mapped to suitable control flags. This patch itself has no functional change, as the current priority levels are mapped back to the same migration modes as before. Expanding them will be done next. Note that !CONFIG_COMPACTION variant of try_to_compact_pages() is removed, as the only caller exists under CONFIG_COMPACTION. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-8-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Vlastimil Babka authored
After the previous patch, we can distinguish costly allocations that should be really lightweight, such as THP page faults, with __GFP_NORETRY. This means we don't need to recognize khugepaged allocations via PF_KTHREAD anymore. We can also change THP page faults in areas where madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) was used to try as hard as khugepaged, as the process has indicated that it benefits from THP's and is willing to pay some initial latency costs. We can also make the flags handling less cryptic by distinguishing GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT (no reclaim at all, default mode in page fault) from GFP_TRANSHUGE (only direct reclaim, khugepaged default). Adding __GFP_NORETRY or __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM is done where needed. The patch effectively changes the current GFP_TRANSHUGE users as follows: * get_huge_zero_page() - the zero page lifetime should be relatively long and it's shared by multiple users, so it's worth spending some effort on it. We use GFP_TRANSHUGE, and __GFP_NORETRY is not added. This also restores direct reclaim to this allocation, which was unintentionally removed by commit e4a49efe4e7e ("mm: thp: set THP defrag by default to madvise and add a stall-free defrag option") * alloc_hugepage_khugepaged_gfpmask() - this is khugepaged, so latency is not an issue. So if khugepaged "defrag" is enabled (the default), do reclaim via GFP_TRANSHUGE without __GFP_NORETRY. We can remove the PF_KTHREAD check from page alloc. As a side-effect, khugepaged will now no longer check if the initial compaction was deferred or contended. This is OK, as khugepaged sleep times between collapsion attempts are long enough to prevent noticeable disruption, so we should allow it to spend some effort. * migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() - already was masking out __GFP_RECLAIM, so just convert to GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT which is equivalent. * alloc_hugepage_direct_gfpmask() - vma's with VM_HUGEPAGE (via madvise) are now allocating without __GFP_NORETRY. Other vma's keep using __GFP_NORETRY if direct reclaim/compaction is at all allowed (by default it's allowed only for madvised vma's). The rest is conversion to GFP_TRANSHUGE(_LIGHT). [mhocko@suse.com: suggested GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-7-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by: -
Vlastimil Babka authored
Since THP allocations during page faults can be costly, extra decisions are employed for them to avoid excessive reclaim and compaction, if the initial compaction doesn't look promising. The detection has never been perfect as there is no gfp flag specific to THP allocations. At this moment it checks the whole combination of flags that makes up GFP_TRANSHUGE, and hopes that no other users of such combination exist, or would mind being treated the same way. Extra care is also taken to separate allocations from khugepaged, where latency doesn't matter that much. It is however possible to distinguish these allocations in a simpler and more reliable way. The key observation is that after the initial compaction followed by the first iteration of "standard" reclaim/compaction, both __GFP_NORETRY allocations and costly allocations without __GFP_REPEAT are declared as failures: /* Do not loop if specifically requested */ if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY) goto nopage; /* * Do not retry costly high order allocations unless they are * __GFP_REPEAT */ if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT)) goto nopage; This means we can further distinguish allocations that are costly order *and* additionally include the __GFP_NORETRY flag. As it happens, GFP_TRANSHUGE allocations do already fall into this category. This will also allow other costly allocations with similar high-order benefit vs latency considerations to use this semantic. Furthermore, we can distinguish THP allocations that should try a bit harder (such as from khugepageed) by removing __GFP_NORETRY, as will be done in the next patch. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-6-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by: -
Vlastimil Babka authored
The retry loop in __alloc_pages_slowpath is supposed to keep trying reclaim and compaction (and OOM), until either the allocation succeeds, or returns with failure. Success here is more probable when reclaim precedes compaction, as certain watermarks have to be met for compaction to even try, and more free pages increase the probability of compaction success. On the other hand, starting with light async compaction (if the watermarks allow it), can be more efficient, especially for smaller orders, if there's enough free memory which is just fragmented. Thus, the current code starts with compaction before reclaim, and to make sure that the last reclaim is always followed by a final compaction, there's another direct compaction call at the end of the loop. This makes the code hard to follow and adds some duplicated handling of migration_mode decisions. It's also somewhat inefficient that even if reclaim or compaction decides not to retry, the final compaction is still attempted. Some gfp flags combination also shortcut these retry decisions by "goto noretry;", making it even harder to follow. This patch attempts to restructure the code with only minimal functional changes. The call to the first compaction and THP-specific checks are now placed above the retry loop, and the "noretry" direct compaction is removed. The initial compaction is additionally restricted only to costly orders, as we can expect smaller orders to be held back by watermarks, and only larger orders to suffer primarily from fragmentation. This better matches the checks in reclaim's shrink_zones(). There are two other smaller functional changes. One is that the upgrade from async migration to light sync migration will always occur after the initial compaction. This is how it has been until recent patch "mm, oom: protect !costly allocations some more", which introduced upgrading the mode based on COMPACT_COMPLETE result, but kept the final compaction always upgraded, which made it even more special. It's better to return to the simpler handling for now, as migration modes will be further modified later in the series. The second change is that once both reclaim and compaction declare it's not worth to retry the reclaim/compact loop, there is no final compaction attempt. As argued above, this is intentional. If that final compaction were to succeed, it would be due to a wrong retry decision, or simply a race with somebody else freeing memory for us. The main outcome of this patch should be simpler code. Logically, the initial compaction without reclaim is the exceptional case to the reclaim/compaction scheme, but prior to the patch, it was the last loop iteration that was exceptional. Now the code matches the logic better. The change also enable the following patches. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-5-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Vlastimil Babka authored
After __alloc_pages_slowpath() sets up new alloc_flags and wakes up kswapd, it first tries get_page_from_freelist() with the new alloc_flags, as it may succeed e.g. due to using min watermark instead of low watermark. It makes sense to to do this attempt before adjusting zonelist based on alloc_flags/gfp_mask, as it's still relatively a fast path if we just wake up kswapd and successfully allocate. This patch therefore moves the initial attempt above the retry label and reorganizes a bit the part below the retry label. We still have to attempt get_page_from_freelist() on each retry, as some allocations cannot do that as part of direct reclaim or compaction, and yet are not allowed to fail (even though they do a WARN_ON_ONCE() and thus should not exist). We can reuse the call meant for ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS attempt and just set alloc_flags to ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS if the context allows it. As a side-effect, the attempts from direct reclaim/compaction will also no longer obey watermarks once this is set, but there's little harm in that. Kswapd wakeups are also done on each retry to be safe from potential races resulting in kswapd going to sleep while a process (that may not be able to reclaim by itself) is still looping. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-4-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Vlastimil Babka authored
In __alloc_pages_slowpath(), alloc_flags doesn't change after it's initialized, so move the initialization above the retry: label. Also make the comment above the initialization more descriptive. The only exception in the alloc_flags being constant is ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS, which may change due to TIF_MEMDIE being set on the allocating thread. We can fix this, and make the code simpler and a bit more effective at the same time, by moving the part that determines ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS from gfp_to_alloc_flags() to gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(). This means we don't have to mask out ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS in numerous places in __alloc_pages_slowpath() anymore. The only two tests for the flag can instead call gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-3-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by:
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Kirill A. Shutemov authored
This (large, atomic) allocation attempt can fail. We expect and handle that, so avoid the scary warning. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160720151905.GB19146@node.shutemov.name Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Signed-off-by:
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Alexander Potapenko authored
For KASAN builds: - switch SLUB allocator to using stackdepot instead of storing the allocation/deallocation stacks in the objects; - change the freelist hook so that parts of the freelist can be put into the quarantine. [aryabinin@virtuozzo.com: fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468601423-28676-1-git-send-email-aryabinin@virtuozzo.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468347165-41906-3-git-send-email-glider@google.comSigned-off-by:
Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt (Red Hat) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Kuthonuzo Luruo <kuthonuzo.luruo@hpe.com> Signed-off-by:
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Alexander Potapenko authored
When looking up the nearest SLUB object for a given address, correctly calculate its offset if SLAB_RED_ZONE is enabled for that cache. Previously, when KASAN had detected an error on an object from a cache with SLAB_RED_ZONE set, the actual start address of the object was miscalculated, which led to random stacks having been reported. When looking up the nearest SLUB object for a given address, correctly calculate its offset if SLAB_RED_ZONE is enabled for that cache. Fixes: 7ed2f9e6 ("mm, kasan: SLAB support") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468347165-41906-2-git-send-email-glider@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Kirill A. Shutemov authored
There's one case when vma_adjust() expands the vma, overlapping with *two* next vma. See case 6 of mprotect, described in the comment to vma_merge(). To handle this (and only this) situation we iterate twice over main part of the function. See "goto again". Vegard reported[1] that he sees out-of-bounds access complain from KASAN, if anon_vma_clone() on the *second* iteration fails. This happens because we free 'next' vma by the end of first iteration and don't have a way to undo this if anon_vma_clone() fails on the second iteration. The solution is to do all required allocations upfront, before we touch vmas. The allocation on the second iteration is only required if first two vmas don't have anon_vma, but third does. So we need, in total, one anon_vma_clone() call. It's easy to adjust 'exporter' to the third vma for such case. [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469514843-23778-1-git-send-email-vegard.nossum@oracle.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469625255-126641-1-git-send-email-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by:
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Reported-by:
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Markus Elfring authored
iput() tests whether its argument is NULL and then returns immediately. Thus the test around the call is not needed. This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/559cf499-4a01-25f9-c87f-24d906626a57@users.sourceforge.netSigned-off-by:
Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net> Reviewed-by:
Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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zijun_hu authored
Fix region index adjustment error when parameter type_b of __next_mem_range_rev() == NULL. Signed-off-by:
zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com> Cc: Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Wei Yang <weiyang@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Richard Leitner <dev@g0hl1n.net> Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Xishi Qiu authored
If we offline a node, alloc the new page from a nearest neighbor node instead of the current node or other remote nodes, because re-migrate is a waste of time and the distance of the remote nodes is often very large. Also use GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE to alloc new page if the zone is movable zone or highmem zone. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5795E18B.5060302@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mikulas Patocka authored
copy_page_to_iter_iovec() and copy_page_from_iter_iovec() copy some data to userspace or from userspace. These functions have a fast path where they map a page using kmap_atomic and a slow path where they use kmap. kmap is slower than kmap_atomic, so the fast path is preferred. However, on kernels without highmem support, kmap just calls page_address, so there is no need to avoid kmap. On kernels without highmem support, the fast path just increases code size (and cache footprint) and it doesn't improve copy performance in any way. This patch enables the fast path only if CONFIG_HIGHMEM is defined. Code size reduced by this patch: x86 (without highmem) 928 x86-64 960 sparc64 848 alpha 1136 pa-risc 1200 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use IS_ENABLED(), per Andi] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LRH.2.02.1607221711410.4818@file01.intranet.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.comSigned-off-by:
Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by:
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Mikulas Patocka authored
generic_swapfile_activate() can take quite long time, it iterates over all blocks of a file, so add cond_resched to it. I observed about 1 second stalls when activating a swapfile that was almost unfragmented - this patch fixes it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LRH.2.02.1607221710580.4818@file01.intranet.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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Michal Hocko authored
This reverts commit f9054c70 ("mm, mempool: only set __GFP_NOMEMALLOC if there are free elements"). There has been a report about OOM killer invoked when swapping out to a dm-crypt device. The primary reason seems to be that the swapout out IO managed to completely deplete memory reserves. Ondrej was able to bisect and explained the issue by pointing to f9054c70 ("mm, mempool: only set __GFP_NOMEMALLOC if there are free elements"). The reason is that the swapout path is not throttled properly because the md-raid layer needs to allocate from the generic_make_request path which means it allocates from the PF_MEMALLOC context. dm layer uses mempool_alloc in order to guarantee a forward progress which used to inhibit access to memory reserves when using page allocator. This has changed by f9054c70 ("mm, mempool: only set __GFP_NOMEMALLOC if there are free elements") which has dropped the __GFP_NOMEMALLOC protection when the memory pool is depleted. If we are running out of memory and the only way forward to free memory is to perform swapout we just keep consuming memory reserves rather than throttling the mempool allocations and allowing the pending IO to complete up to a moment when the memory is depleted completely and there is no way forward but invoking the OOM killer. This is less than optimal. The original intention of f9054c70 was to help with the OOM situations where the oom victim depends on mempool allocation to make a forward progress. David has mentioned the following backtrace: schedule schedule_timeout io_schedule_timeout mempool_alloc __split_and_process_bio dm_request generic_make_request submit_bio mpage_readpages ext4_readpages __do_page_cache_readahead ra_submit filemap_fault handle_mm_fault __do_page_fault do_page_fault page_fault We do not know more about why the mempool is depleted without being replenished in time, though. In any case the dm layer shouldn't depend on any allocations outside of the dedicated pools so a forward progress should be guaranteed. If this is not the case then the dm should be fixed rather than papering over the problem and postponing it to later by accessing more memory reserves. mempools are a mechanism to maintain dedicated memory reserves to guaratee forward progress. Allowing them an unbounded access to the page allocator memory reserves is going against the whole purpose of this mechanism. Bisected by Ondrej Kozina. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721145309.GR26379@dhcp22.suse.czSigned-off-by:
Ondrej Kozina <okozina@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Cc: Ondrej Kozina <okozina@redhat.com> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Hugh Dickins authored
At present MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT is allowing __isolate_lru_page() to isolate a PageWriteback page, which __unmap_and_move() then rejects with -EBUSY: of course the writeback might complete in between, but that's not what we usually expect, so probably better not to isolate it. When tested by stress-highalloc from mmtests, this has reduced the number of page migrate failures by 60-70%. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-2-vbabka@suse.czSigned-off-by:
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page() can be called without page lock hold, so let's remove incorrect comment. The reason why the page lock is not really needed is that dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page() checks page_huge_active() inside hugetlb_lock, which allows us to avoid trying to dequeue a hugepage that are just allocated but not linked to active list yet, even without taking page lock. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160720092901.GA15995@www9186uo.sakura.ne.jpSigned-off-by:
Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Reported-by:
Zhan Chen <zhanc1@andrew.cmu.edu> Acked-by:
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Zhou Chengming authored
When CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME is disabled, __section_nr can get the section number with a subtraction directly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468988310-11560-1-git-send-email-zhouchengming1@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
Zhou Chengming <zhouchengming1@huawei.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com> Cc: Li Bin <huawei.libin@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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Vegard Nossum authored
If the user tries to disable automatic scanning early in the boot process using e.g.: echo scan=off > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak then this command will hang until SECS_FIRST_SCAN (= 60) seconds have elapsed, even though the system is fully initialised. We can fix this using interruptible sleep and checking if we're supposed to stop whenever we wake up (like the rest of the code does). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468835005-2873-1-git-send-email-vegard.nossum@oracle.comSigned-off-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Dennis Chen authored
When booting an ACPI enabled kernel with 'mem=x', there is the possibility that ACPI data regions from the firmware will lie above the memory limit. Ordinarily these will be removed by memblock_enforce_memory_limit(.). Unfortunately, this means that these regions will then be mapped by acpi_os_ioremap(.) as device memory (instead of normal) thus unaligned accessess will then provoke alignment faults. In this patch we adopt memblock_mem_limit_remove_map instead, and this preserves these ACPI data regions (marked NOMAP) thus ensuring that these regions are not mapped as device memory. For example, below is an alignment exception observed on ARM platform when booting the kernel with 'acpi=on mem=8G': ... Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff0000080521e7 pgd = ffff000008aa0000 [ffff0000080521e7] *pgd=000000801fffe003, *pud=000000801fffd003, *pmd=000000801fffc003, *pte=00e80083ff1c1707 Internal error: Oops: 96000021 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.7.0-rc3-next-20160616+ #172 Hardware name: AMD Overdrive/Supercharger/Default string, BIOS ROD1001A 02/09/2016 task: ffff800001ef0000 ti: ffff800001ef8000 task.ti: ffff800001ef8000 PC is at acpi_ns_lookup+0x520/0x734 LR is at acpi_ns_lookup+0x4a4/0x734 pc : [<ffff0000083b8b10>] lr : [<ffff0000083b8a94>] pstate: 60000045 sp : ffff800001efb8b0 x29: ffff800001efb8c0 x28: 000000000000001b x27: 0000000000000001 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff800001efb9e8 x24: ffff000008a10000 x23: 0000000000000001 x22: 0000000000000001 x21: ffff000008724000 x20: 000000000000001b x19: ffff0000080521e7 x18: 000000000000000d x17: 00000000000038ff x16: 0000000000000002 x15: 0000000000000007 x14: 0000000000007fff x13: ffffff0000000000 x12: 0000000000000018 x11: 000000001fffd200 x10: 00000000ffffff76 x9 : 000000000000005f x8 : ffff000008725fa8 x7 : ffff000008a8df70 x6 : ffff000008a8df70 x5 : ffff000008a8d000 x4 : 0000000000000010 x3 : 0000000000000010 x2 : 000000000000000c x1 : 0000000000000006 x0 : 0000000000000000 ... acpi_ns_lookup+0x520/0x734 acpi_ds_load1_begin_op+0x174/0x4fc acpi_ps_build_named_op+0xf8/0x220 acpi_ps_create_op+0x208/0x33c acpi_ps_parse_loop+0x204/0x838 acpi_ps_parse_aml+0x1bc/0x42c acpi_ns_one_complete_parse+0x1e8/0x22c acpi_ns_parse_table+0x8c/0x128 acpi_ns_load_table+0xc0/0x1e8 acpi_tb_load_namespace+0xf8/0x2e8 acpi_load_tables+0x7c/0x110 acpi_init+0x90/0x2c0 do_one_initcall+0x38/0x12c kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x1ec kernel_init+0x10/0xec ret_from_fork+0x10/0x40 Code: b9009fbc 2a00037b 36380057 3219037b (b9400260) ---[ end trace 03381e5eb0a24de4 ]--- Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x0000000b With 'efi=debug', we can see those ACPI regions loaded by firmware on that board as: efi: 0x0083ff185000-0x0083ff1b4fff [Reserved | | | | | | | | |WB|WT|WC|UC]* efi: 0x0083ff1b5000-0x0083ff1c2fff [ACPI Reclaim Memory| | | | | | | | |WB|WT|WC|UC]* efi: 0x0083ff223000-0x0083ff224fff [ACPI Memory NVS | | | | | | | | |WB|WT|WC|UC]* Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468475036-5852-3-git-send-email-dennis.chen@arm.comAcked-by:Steve Capper <steve.capper@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
Dennis Chen <dennis.chen@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk> Cc: Kaly Xin <kaly.xin@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Dennis Chen authored
In some cases, memblock is queried by kernel to determine whether a specified address is RAM or not. For example, the ACPI core needs this information to determine which attributes to use when mapping ACPI regions(acpi_os_ioremap). Use of incorrect memory types can result in faults, data corruption, or other issues. Removing memory with memblock_enforce_memory_limit() throws away this information, and so a kernel booted with 'mem=' may suffer from the issues described above. To avoid this, we need to keep those NOMAP regions instead of removing all above the limit, which preserves the information we need while preventing other use of those regions. This patch adds new infrastructure to retain all NOMAP memblock regions while removing others, to cater for this. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468475036-5852-2-git-send-email-dennis.chen@arm.comSigned-off-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
We currently show: task: <current> ti: <current_thread_info()> task.ti: <task_thread_info(current)>" "ti" and "task.ti" are redundant, and neither is actually what we want to show, which the the base of the thread stack. Change the display to show the stack pointer explicitly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/543ac5bd66ff94000a57a02e11af7239571a3055.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
We'll need this cleanup to make the cpu field in thread_info be optional. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/da298328dc77ea494576c2f20a934218e758a6fa.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
We should account for stacks regardless of stack size, and we need to account in sub-page units if THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE. Change the units to kilobytes and Move it into account_kernel_stack(). Fixes: 12580e4b ("mm: memcontrol: report kernel stack usage in cgroup2 memory.stat") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9b5314e3ee5eda61b0317ec1563768602c1ef438.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
Currently, NR_KERNEL_STACK tracks the number of kernel stacks in a zone. This only makes sense if each kernel stack exists entirely in one zone, and allowing vmapped stacks could break this assumption. Since frv has THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE, we need to track kernel stack allocations in a unit that divides both THREAD_SIZE and PAGE_SIZE on all architectures. Keep it simple and use KiB. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/083c71e642c5fa5f1b6898902e1b2db7b48940d4.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
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Dan Williams authored
Now that ZONE_DEVICE depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP we can simplify some ifdef guards to just ZONE_DEVICE. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146687646788.39261.8020536391978771940.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.comSigned-off-by:
Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Reported-by:
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Dan Williams authored
When it was first introduced CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE depended on disabling CONFIG_ZONE_DMA, a configuration choice reserved for "experts". However, now that the ZONE_DMA conflict has been eliminated it no longer makes sense to require CONFIG_EXPERT. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146687646274.39261.14267596518720371009.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.comSigned-off-by:
Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> Reported-by:
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by:
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Christoph Hellwig authored
asm-generic headers are generic implementations for architecture specific code and should not be included by common code. Thus use the asm/ version of sections.h to get at the linker sections. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468285103-7470-1-git-send-email-hch@lst.deSigned-off-by:
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
The definition of return value of madvise_free_huge_pmd is not clear before. According to the suggestion of Minchan Kim, change the type of return value to bool and return true if we do MADV_FREE successfully on entire pmd page, otherwise, return false. Comments are added too. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467135452-16688-2-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Acked-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Use ClearPagePrivate/ClearPagePrivate2 helpers to clear PG_private/PG_private_2 in page->flags Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-7-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com> Acked-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Add __init,__exit attribute for function that only called in module init/exit to save memory. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-6-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Some minor commebnt changes: 1). update zs_malloc(),zs_create_pool() function header 2). update "Usage of struct page fields" Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-5-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Currently, if a class can not be merged, the max objects of zspage in that class may be calculated twice. This patch calculate max objects of zspage at the begin, and pass the value to can_merge() to decide whether the class can be merged. Also this patch remove function get_maxobj_per_zspage(), as there is no other place to call this function. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-4-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
num of max objects in zspage is stored in each size_class now. So there is no need to re-calculate it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-3-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
the obj index value should be updated after return from find_alloced_obj() to avoid CPU burning caused by unnecessary object scanning. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-2-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
This is a cleanup patch. Change "index" to "obj_index" to keep consistent with others in zsmalloc. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-1-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
With node-lru, if there are enough reclaimable pages in highmem but nothing in lowmem, VM can try to shrink inactive list although the requested zone is lowmem. The problem is that if the inactive list is full of highmem pages then a direct reclaimer searching for a lowmem page waste CPU scanning uselessly. It just burns out CPU. Even, many direct reclaimers are stalled by too_many_isolated if lots of parallel reclaimer are going on although there are no reclaimable memory in inactive list. I tried the experiment 4 times in 32bit 2G 8 CPU KVM machine to get elapsed time. hackbench 500 process 2 = Old = 1st: 289s 2nd: 310s 3rd: 112s 4th: 272s = Now = 1st: 31s 2nd: 132s 3rd: 162s 4th: 50s. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fixes per Mel] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469433119-1543-1-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Page reclaim determines whether a pgdat is unreclaimable by examining how many pages have been scanned since a page was freed and comparing that to the LRU sizes. Skipped pages are not reclaim candidates but contribute to scanned. This can prematurely mark a pgdat as unreclaimable and trigger an OOM kill. This patch accounts for skipped pages as a partial scan so that an unreclaimable pgdat will still be marked as such but by scaling the cost of a skip, it'll avoid the pgdat being marked prematurely. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-6-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.netSigned-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Minchan Kim reported that with per-zone lru state it was possible to identify that a normal zone with 8^M anonymous pages could trigger OOM with non-atomic order-0 allocations as all pages in the zone were in the active list. gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0 Call Trace: __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xe52/0xe60 ? new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0 new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0 ___slab_alloc.constprop.87+0x6da/0x840 ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 ? enqueue_task_fair+0x73/0xbf0 ? poll_select_copy_remaining+0x140/0x140 __slab_alloc.isra.81.constprop.86+0x40/0x6d ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 kmem_cache_alloc+0x22c/0x260 ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 alloc_skb_with_frags+0x4e/0x1a0 sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x16a/0x1b0 ? wait_for_unix_gc+0x31/0x90 unix_stream_sendmsg+0x28d/0x340 sock_sendmsg+0x2d/0x40 sock_write_iter+0x6c/0xc0 __vfs_write+0xc0/0x120 vfs_write+0x9b/0x1a0 ? __might_fault+0x49/0xa0 SyS_write+0x44/0x90 do_fast_syscall_32+0xa6/0x1e0 Mem-Info: active_anon:101103 inactive_anon:102219 isolated_anon:0 active_file:503 inactive_file:544 isolated_file:0 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:34 unstable:0 slab_reclaimable:6298 slab_unreclaimable:74669 mapped:863 shmem:0 pagetables:100998 bounce:0 free:23573 free_pcp:1861 free_cma:0 Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB active_file:2012kB inactive_file:2176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:3452kB dirty:0kB writeback:136kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1320845 all_unreclaimable? yes DMA free:3296kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB active_anon:5540kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:248kB slab_unreclaimable:2628kB kernel_stack:792kB pagetables:2316kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965 Normal free:3600kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB active_anon:86304kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:160kB inactive_file:376kB present:897016kB managed:858524kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:24944kB slab_unreclaimable:296048kB kernel_stack:163832kB pagetables:35892kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3076kB local_pcp:656kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247 HighMem free:86156kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB active_anon:312852kB inactive_anon:410024kB active_file:1924kB inactive_file:2012kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:365784kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3868kB local_pcp:720kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 DMA: 8*4kB (UM) 8*8kB (UM) 4*16kB (M) 2*32kB (UM) 2*64kB (UM) 1*128kB (M) 3*256kB (UME) 2*512kB (UE) 1*1024kB (E) 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3296kB Normal: 240*4kB (UME) 160*8kB (UME) 23*16kB (ME) 3*32kB (UE) 3*64kB (UME) 2*128kB (ME) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3408kB HighMem: 10942*4kB (UM) 3102*8kB (UM) 866*16kB (UM) 76*32kB (UM) 11*64kB (UM) 4*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (M) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 86344kB Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB 54409 total pagecache pages 53215 pages in swap cache Swap cache stats: add 300982, delete 247765, find 157978/226539 Free swap = 3803244kB Total swap = 4192252kB 524186 pages RAM 295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly 9642 pages reserved 0 pages cma reserved The problem is due to the active deactivation logic in inactive_list_is_low: Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB IOW, (inactive_anon of node * inactive_ratio > active_anon of node) due to highmem anonymous stat so VM never deactivates normal zone's anonymous pages. This patch is a modified version of Minchan's original solution but based upon it. The problem with Minchan's patch is that any low zone with an imbalanced list could force a rotation. In this patch, a zone-constrained global reclaim will rotate the list if the inactive/active ratio of all eligible zones needs to be corrected. It is possible that higher zone pages will be initially rotated prematurely but this is the safer choice to maintain overall LRU age. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160722090929.GJ10438@techsingularity.netSigned-off-by:
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