* 'drm-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6:
  drm: fix ordering of driver unload vs agp unload.
  drm/i915: Respect the other stolen memory sizes we know of.
  drm/i915: Non-mobile parts don't have integrated TV-out.
  drm/i915: Add support for integrated HDMI on G4X hardware.
  drm/i915: Pin cursor bo and unpin old bo when setting cursor.
  drm/i915: Don't allow objects to get bound while VT switched.

For KMS drivers, we really need to cleanup the driver before disabling
the AGP subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>

fd.o bug #19336.
Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>

Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>

This is ported directly from the userland 2D driver code.  The HDMI audio bits
aren't hooked up yet.
Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>

We also didn't track the cursor bo before and would leak a reference
when the cursor image was change.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>

This avoids a BUG_ON in the enter_vt path due to objects being in the GTT
when we shouldn't have ever let them be (as we're not supposed to touch the
device during that time).

This was triggered by a change in the 2D driver to use the GTT mapping of
objects after pinning them to improve software fallback performance.
Signed-off-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input: (29 commits)
  Input: i8042 - add Dell Vostro 1510 to nomux list
  Input: gtco - use USB endpoint API
  Input: add support for Maple controller as a joystick
  Input: atkbd - broaden the Dell DMI signatures
  Input: HIL drivers - add MODULE_ALIAS()
  Input: map_to_7segment.h - convert to __inline__ for userspace
  Input: add support for enhanced rotary controller on pxa930 and pxa935
  Input: add support for trackball on pxa930 and pxa935
  Input: add da9034 touchscreen support
  Input: ads7846 - strict_strtoul takes unsigned long
  Input: make some variables and functions static
  Input: add tsc2007 based touchscreen driver
  Input: psmouse - add module parameters to control OLPC touchpad delays
  Input: i8042 - add Gigabyte M912 netbook to noloop exception table
  Input: atkbd - Samsung NC10 key repeat fix
  Input: atkbd - add keyboard quirk for HP Pavilion ZV6100 laptop
  Input: libps2 - handle 0xfc responses from devices
  Input: add support for Wacom W8001 penabled serial touchscreen
  Input: synaptics - report multi-taps only if supported by the device
  Input: add joystick driver for Walkera WK-0701 RC transmitter
  ...

Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/security-testing-2.6

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/security-testing-2.6:
  CRED: Fix regression in cap_capable() as shown up by sys_faccessat() [ver #3]
  Revert "CRED: Fix regression in cap_capable() as shown up by sys_faccessat() [ver #2]"
  SELinux: shrink sizeof av_inhert selinux_class_perm and context
  CRED: Fix regression in cap_capable() as shown up by sys_faccessat() [ver #2]
  keys: fix sparse warning by adding __user annotation to cast
  smack: Add support for unlabeled network hosts and networks
  selinux: Deprecate and schedule the removal of the the compat_net functionality
  netlabel: Update kernel configuration API

Merge branch 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  hrtimer: splitout peek ahead functionality, fix
  hrtimer: fixup comments
  hrtimer: fix recursion deadlock by re-introducing the softirq
  hrtimer: simplify hotplug migration
  hrtimer: fix HOTPLUG_CPU=n compile warning
  hrtimer: splitout peek ahead functionality

Merge branch 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  sched: fix section mismatch
  sched: fix double kfree in failure path
  sched: clean up arch_reinit_sched_domains()
  sched: mark sched_create_sysfs_power_savings_entries() as __init
  getrusage: RUSAGE_THREAD should return ru_utime and ru_stime
  sched: fix sched_slice()
  sched_clock: prevent scd->clock from moving backwards, take #2
  sched: sched.c declare variables before they get used

Merge branch 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  genirq: provide irq_to_desc() to non-genirq architectures too

Merge branch 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  rcu: fix rcutorture bug
  rcu: eliminate synchronize_rcu_xxx macro
  rcu: make treercu safe for suspend and resume
  rcu: fix rcutree grace-period-latency bug on small systems
  futex: catch certain assymetric (get|put)_futex_key calls
  futex: make futex_(get|put)_key() calls symmetric
  locking, percpu counters: introduce separate lock classes
  swiotlb: clean up EXPORT_SYMBOL usage
  swiotlb: remove unnecessary declaration
  swiotlb: replace architecture-specific swiotlb.h with linux/swiotlb.h
  swiotlb: add support for systems with highmem
  swiotlb: store phys address in io_tlb_orig_addr array
  swiotlb: add hwdev to swiotlb_phys_to_bus() / swiotlb_sg_to_bus()

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
  ASoC: Fix SND_SOC_ALL_CODECS handling of dual SPI and I2C control buses
  ASoC: Use snd_soc_dapm_nc_pin() in at91sam9g20ek
  ASoC: TWL4030: Convert the bitfield enums to VALUE_ENUM type
  ASoC: New enum type: value_enum
  pxa2xx-ac97: switch AC unit to correct state before probing
  ASoC: Clocking fixes for davinci-evm.c
  ASoC: Mark non-connected TWL4030 pins for pandora
  ASoC: OMAP: Select OMAP pin multiplexing when using Nokia N810 ASoC drivers

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging-2.6: (237 commits)
  Staging: android: binder: fix build errors
  Staging: android: add lowmemorykiller driver
  Staging: android: remove dummy android.c driver
  Staging: android: timed_gpio: Rename android_timed_gpio to timed_gpio
  Staging: android: add timed_gpio driver
  Staging: android: add ram_console driver
  Staging: android: add logging driver
  staging: android: binder: Fix use of euid
  Staging: android: binder: Fix gcc warnings about improper format specifiers for size_t in printk
  Staging: android: add binder driver
  Staging: add android framework
  Staging: epl: fix netdev->priv b0rkage
  Staging: epl: hr timers all run in hard irq context now
  Staging: epl: run Lindent on *.c files
  Staging: epl: run Lindent on *.h files
  Staging: epl: run Lindent on all user/*.h files
  Staging: epl: run Lindent on all kernel/*.h files
  Staging: add epl stack
  Staging: frontier: fix compiler warnings
  Staging: frontier: remove unused alphatrack_sysfs.c file
  ...

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6: (60 commits)
  uio: make uio_info's name and version const
  UIO: Documentation for UIO ioport info handling
  UIO: Pass information about ioports to userspace (V2)
  UIO: uio_pdrv_genirq: allow custom irq_flags
  UIO: use pci_ioremap_bar() in drivers/uio
  arm: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  libata: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  avr: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  block: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  chris: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  dmi: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  gadget: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  gpio: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  gpu: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  hwmon: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  i2o: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  IA64: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  i7300_idle: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  infiniband: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  ISDN: struct device - replace bus_id with dev_name(), dev_set_name()
  ...

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuse:
  fuse: clean up annotations of fc->lock
  fuse: fix sparse warning in ioctl
  fuse: update interface version
  fuse: add fuse_conn->release()
  fuse: separate out fuse_conn_init() from new_conn()
  fuse: add fuse_ prefix to several functions
  fuse: implement poll support
  fuse: implement unsolicited notification
  fuse: add file kernel handle
  fuse: implement ioctl support
  fuse: don't let fuse_req->end() put the base reference
  fuse: move FUSE_MINOR to miscdevice.h
  fuse: style fixes

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6: (41 commits)
  scc_pata: make use of scc_dma_sff_read_status()
  ide-dma-sff: factor out ide_dma_sff_write_status()
  ide: move read_sff_dma_status() method to 'struct ide_dma_ops'
  ide: don't set hwif->dma_ops in init_dma() method
  Resurrect IT8172 IDE controller driver
  piix: sync ich_laptop[] with ata_piix.c
  ide: update warm-plug HOWTO
  ide: fix ide_port_scan() to do ACPI setup after initializing request queues
  ide: remove now redundant ->cur_dev checks
  ide: remove unused ide_hwif_t.sg_mapped field
  ide: struct ide_atapi_pc - remove unused fields and update documentation
  ide: remove superfluous hwif variable assignment from ide_timer_expiry()
  ide: use ide_pci_is_in_compatibility_mode() helper in setup-pci.c
  ide: make "paranoia" ->handler check in ide_intr() more strict
  ide-cd: convert to ide-atapi facilities
  ide-cd: start DMA before sending the actual packet command
  ide-cd: wait for DRQ to get set per default
  ide: Fix drive's DWORD-IO handling
  ide: add port and host iterators
  ide: dynamic allocation of device structures
  ...

Use del_timer_sync() instead of del_timer() to make sure the timer won't
be running when we return from parport_wait_event(), because this would
crash due to destruction of timer_list.

This is untested and just based on a code review.  Just think about the
following sequence of events:

- add_timer()

- down_interruptible() is interrupted by a signal.

- we enter the timer callback handler on another CPU.

- del_timer(), but the timer callback is still running.

- eturn from parport_wait_even, which destroys the automatic variable
  "timer" while the callback is running on another CPU.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Michael Buesch <mb@bu3sch.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since all sanity checks rely on the validity of s_start which gets only
checked to be smaller than s_end, we should also check if s_end is sane.
Now we also try to retrieve the last block of the filesystem, which is
computed by s_end.  If this fails, something is bogus.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

bfs_fill_super() already touches all inodes, so we can easily add some
cheap sanity checks and check if the inode start and end blocks are
smaller than the maximum number of blocks, the inode start block lies
behind the end block or the file end offset is behind the end of the
filesystem.  Also check if the start of data offset in the super block
fits the filesystem.

The added sanity checks catch softlockup issues early when we try to
sb_bread() lots of blocks in a loop in bfs_readdir() and bfs_find_entry().
 In addition an oom issue in bfs_fill_super() is prevented by this when
s_start is corrupted, which influences imap_len and we try to allocate a
huge info->si_imap.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Prevent passing an order to bitmap_find_free_region() that is larger than
the actual bitmap can represent.

These requests can come from device drivers that have no idea how big the
dma region is and need to rely on dma_alloc_from_coherent() to sort it out
for them.
Reported-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <lg@denx.de>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This thing was rather stupidly coded.  Rework it all prior to making
changes.

Also, rename local variable `page': kernel readers expect something called
`page' to have type `struct page *'.

Cc: Guennadi Liakhovetski <lg@denx.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If bitmap_find_free_region() fails and DMA_MEMORY_EXCLUSIVE is not set,
the function will fail to write anything to *ret and will return 1.             This will cause dma_alloc_coherent() to return an uninitialised value,
crashing the kernel, perhaps via DMA to a random address.

Fix that by changing it to return zero in this case, so the caller will
proceed to allocate the memory from the generic memory allocator.

Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Cc: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Ben Woodard <woodard@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Cc: Doug Thompson <norsk5@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

EDAC driver for i5400 MCH (Seaburg)

This driver adds support for i5400 MCH chipset.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ben Woodard <woodard@redhat.com>
Cc: Doug Thompson <norsk5@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

All other compatibles that are uniquely identifying the processor use a
prefix of the form fsl,mpc85...'.  We add support for it so we can
deprecate the older 'fsl,85...' that was improperly used here.

Additionally added mpc8536 & mpc8560 to the compatible lists.

This patch is based on Nate's 8572 patch.
Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jiang <djiang@mvista.com>
Cc: Nate Case <ncase@xes-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch is part of a larger patch series which will remove the "char
bus_id[20]" name string from struct device.  The device name is managed in
the kobject anyway, and without any size limitation, and just needlessly
copied into "struct device".

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Acked-by: Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use the newly introduced pci_ioremap_bar() function in drivers/edac.
pci_ioremap_bar() just takes a pci device and a bar number, with the goal
of making it really hard to get wrong, while also having a central place
to stick sanity checks.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Doug Thompson <dougthompson@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As a non-atomic value, it's only safe to look at entropy_count when the
pool lock is held, so we move the BUG_ON inside the lock for correctness.

Also remove the spurious comment.  It's ok for entropy_count to
temporarily exceed POOLBITS so long as it's left in a consistent state
when the lock is released.

This is a more correct, simple, and idiomatic fix for the bug in
8b76f46a.  I've left the reorderings introduced by that patch in place
as they're harmless, even though they don't properly deal with potential
atomicity issues.
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make firmware/dsp56k/bootstrap.asm buildable on a56, the free Motorola
DSP56001 assembler (http://www.zdomain.com/a56.html).

Summary of changes:

  - Remove '<' and '>' candy (they specify explicit addressing modes,
    which a56 don't grok, but uses implicitly anyway).

  - Replace 'move' with 'movem' when accessing program memory.

  - Rename a few labels to avoid duplicates (which a56 can't handle).
Signed-off-by: Robert Millan <rmh@aybabtu.com>
Cc: Jaswinder Singh <jaswinder@infradead.org>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

proc_ipcauto_dointvec_minmax() is the only user of ipc_auto_callback(),
since the former function is protected by CONFIG_PROC_FS, so should be the
latter one.

Just move its definition down.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmision.com>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Denis V. Lunev <den@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use the macro shm_ids().

Remove useless check for a userspace pointer, because copy_to_user()
will check it.

Some style cleanups.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <peifferp@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

No one cares do_coredump()'s return value, and also it seems that it
is also not necessary. So make it void.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <wangcong@zeuux.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce a new kernel parameter `coredump_filter'.  Setting a value to
this parameter causes the default bitmask of coredump_filter to be
changed.

It is useful for users to change coredump_filter settings for the whole
system at boot time.  Without this parameter, users have to change
coredump_filter settings for each /proc/<pid>/ in an initializing script.
Signed-off-by: Hidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

POSIX requires the si_pid to be the process id of the sender, so ->si_pid
should really be set to 'tgid'.  This change does have following changes
in behavior:

	- When sending pdeath_signal on re-parent to a sub-thread, ->si_pid
	  cannot be used to identify the thread that did the re-parent since
	  it will now show the tgid instead of thread id.

	- A multi-threaded application that expects to find the specific
	  thread that encountered a SIGPIPE using the ->si_pid will now
	  break.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-By: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

For SEND_SIG_NOINFO, si_pid is currently set to the pid of sender
in sender's active pid namespace. But if the receiver is in a
Eg: when parent sends the 'pdeath_signal' to a child that is in
a descendant pid namespace, we should set si_pid 0.
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-By: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Reformat text to (mostly) stay within 80 columns of text.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>