Because of the direct_access() API which returns a PFN. partitions
better start on 4K boundary, else offset ZERO of a partition will
not be aligned and blk_direct_access() will fail the call.

By setting blk_queue_physical_block_size(PAGE_SIZE) we can communicate
this to fdisk and friends.

The call to blk_queue_physical_block_size() is harmless and will
not affect the Kernel behavior in any way. It is only for
communication to user-mode.

before this patch running fdisk on a default size brd of 4M
the first sector offered is 34 (BAD), but after this patch it
will be 40, ie 8 sectors aligned. Also when entering some random
partition sizes the next partition-start sector is offered 8 sectors
aligned after this patch. (Please note that with fdisk the user
can still enter bad values, only the offered default values will
be correct)

Note that with bdev-size > 4M fdisk will try to align on a 1M
boundary (above first-sector will be 2048), in any case.

CC: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

This patch fixes up brd's partitions scheme, now enjoying all worlds.

The MAIN fix here is that currently, if one fdisks some partitions,
a BAD bug will make all partitions point to the same start-end sector
ie: 0 - brd_size And an mkfs of any partition would trash the partition
table and the other partition.

Another fix is that "mount -U uuid" will not work if show_part was not
specified, because of the GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO flag.
We now always load without it and remove the show_part parameter.

[We remove Dmitry's new module-param part_show it is now always
 show]

So NOW the logic goes like this:
* max_part - Just says how many minors to reserve between ramX
  devices. In any way, there can be as many partition as requested.
  If minors between devices ends, then dynamic 259-major ids will
  be allocated on the fly.
  The default is now max_part=1, which means all partitions devt(s)
  will be from the dynamic (259) major-range.
  (If persistent partition minors is needed use max_part=X)
  For example with /dev/sdX max_part is hard coded 16.

* Creation of new devices on the fly still/always work:
  mknod /path/devnod b 1 X
  fdisk -l /path/devnod
  Will create a new device if [X / max_part] was not already
  created before. (Just as before)

  partitions on the dynamically created device will work as well
  Same logic applies with minors as with the pre-created ones.

TODO: dynamic grow of device size. So each device can have it's
      own size.

CC: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

In order to support accesses to larger chunks of memory, pass in a
'size' parameter (counted in bytes), and return the amount available at
that address.

Add a new helper function, bdev_direct_access(), to handle common
functionality including partition handling, checking the length requested
is positive, checking for the sector being page-aligned, and checking
the length of the request does not pass the end of the partition.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Boaz Harrosh <boaz@plexistor.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The 'pfn' returned by axonram was completely bogus, and has been since
2008.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Looks like we pull it in through other ways on x86, but we fail
on sparc:

In file included from drivers/block/cryptoloop.c:30:0:
drivers/block/loop.h:63:24: error: field 'tag_set' has incomplete type
struct blk_mq_tag_set tag_set;

Add the include to loop.h, kill it from loop.c.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

block core handles REQ_FUA by its flush state machine, so
won't do it in loop explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

No behaviour change, just move the handling for REQ_DISCARD
and REQ_FLUSH in these two functions.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Switch to block request completely.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The conversion is a bit straightforward, and use work queue to
dispatch requests of loop block, and one big change is that requests
is submitted to backend file/device concurrently with work queue,
so throughput may get improved much. Given write requests over same
file are often run exclusively, so don't handle them concurrently for
avoiding extra context switch cost, possible lock contention and work
schedule cost. Also with blk-mq, there is opportunity to get loop I/O
merged before submitting to backend file/device.

In the following test:
	- base: v3.19-rc2-2041231
	- loop over file in ext4 file system on SSD disk
	- bs: 4k, libaio, io depth: 64, O_DIRECT, num of jobs: 1
	- throughput: IOPS

	------------------------------------------------------
	|            | base      | base with loop-mq | delta |
	------------------------------------------------------
	| randread   | 1740      | 25318             | +1355%|
	------------------------------------------------------
	| read       | 42196     | 51771             | +22.6%|
	-----------------------------------------------------
	| randwrite  | 35709     | 34624             | -3%   |
	-----------------------------------------------------
	| write      | 39137     | 40326             | +3%   |
	-----------------------------------------------------

So loop-mq can improve throughput for both read and randread, meantime,
performance of write and randwrite isn't hurted basically.

Another benefit is that loop driver code gets simplified
much after blk-mq conversion, and the patch can be thought as
cleanup too.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Commit b4c6a028 exported the start and unfreeze, but we need
the regular blk_mq_freeze_queue() for the loop conversion.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Linux 3.19-rc2

Check IS_ERR_OR_NULL(return value) instead of just return value.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>

Reduced to IS_ERR() by me, we never return NULL.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

If it's dying, we can't expect new request to complete and come
in an wake up other tasks waiting for requests. So after we
have marked it as dying, wake up everybody currently waiting
for a request. Once they wake, they will retry their allocation
and fail appropriately due to the state of the queue.
Tested-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Pull KVM fixes from Paolo Bonzini:
 "The important fixes are for two bugs introduced by the merge window.

  On top of this, add a couple of WARN_ONs and stop spamming dmesg on
  pretty much every boot of a virtual machine"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  kvm: warn on more invariant breakage
  kvm: fix sorting of memslots with base_gfn == 0
  kvm: x86: drop severity of "generation wraparound" message
  kvm: x86: vmx: reorder some msr writing

Pull vfs fix from Al Viro:
 "An embarrassing bug in lustre patches from this cycle ;-/"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  [regression] braino in "lustre: use is_root_inode()"

Modifying a non-existent slot is not allowed.  Also check that the
first loop doesn't move a deleted slot beyond the used part of
the mslots array.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Before commit 0e60b079 (kvm: change memslot sorting rule from size
to GFN, 2014-12-01), the memslots' sorting key was npages, meaning
that a valid memslot couldn't have its sorting key equal to zero.
On the other hand, a valid memslot can have base_gfn == 0, and invalid
memslots are identified by base_gfn == npages == 0.

Because of this, commit 0e60b079 broke the invariant that invalid
memslots are at the end of the mslots array.  When a memslot with
base_gfn == 0 was created, any invalid memslot before it were left
in place.

This can be fixed by changing the insertion to use a ">=" comparison
instead of "<=", but some care is needed to avoid breaking the case
of deleting a memslot; see the comment in update_memslots.

Thanks to Tiejun Chen for posting an initial patch for this bug.
Reported-by: Jamie Heilman <jamie@audible.transient.net>
Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Tested-by: Jamie Heilman <jamie@audible.transient.net>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
 "Just a couple of fixes for the new Intel Skylake HD-audio support"

* tag 'sound-3.19-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
  ALSA: hda_intel: apply the Seperate stream_tag for Skylake
  ALSA: hda_controller: Separate stream_tag for input and output streams.

Since most virtual machines raise this message once, it is a bit annoying.
Make it KERN_DEBUG severity.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 7a2e8aafSigned-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

The commit 34a1cd60, "x86: vmx: move some vmx setting from
vmx_init() to hardware_setup()", tried to refactor some codes
specific to vmx hardware setting into hardware_setup(), but some
msr writing should depend on our previous setting condition like
enable_apicv, enable_ept and so on.
Reported-by: Jamie Heilman <jamie@audible.transient.net>
Tested-by: Jamie Heilman <jamie@audible.transient.net>
Signed-off-by: Tiejun Chen <tiejun.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

In one of the places (ll_md_blocking_ast()) we had open-coded
!is_root_inode(inode) and replaced it with is_root_inode(inode).
See the last chunk of f76c23:
-                   inode != inode->i_sb->s_root->d_inode)
+                   is_root_inode(inode))
should've been
+                   !is_root_inode(inode))
obviously...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Pull parisc build fix from Helge Deller:
 "This unbreaks the kernel compilation on parisc with gcc-4.9"

* 'parisc-3.19-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linux:
  parisc: fix out-of-register compiler error in ldcw inline assembler function

The __ldcw macro has a problem when its argument needs to be reloaded from
memory. The output memory operand and the input register operand both need to
be reloaded using a register in class R1_REGS when generating 64-bit code.
This fails because there's only a single register in the class. Instead, use a
memory clobber. This also makes the __ldcw macro a compiler memory barrier.
Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>        [3.13+]
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>

The total stream number of Skylake's input and output stream
exceeds 15, which will cause some streams do not work because
of the overflow on SDxCTL.STRM field if using the legacy
stream tag allocation method.

This patch uses the new stream tag allocation method by add
the flag AZX_DCAPS_SEPARATE_STREAM_TAG for Skylake platform.
Signed-off-by: Libin Yang <libin.yang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Implemented separate stream_tag assignment for input and output streams.
According to hda specification stream tag must be unique throughout the
input streams group, however an output stream might use a stream tag
which is already in use by an input stream. This change is necessary
to support HW which provides a total of more than 15 stream DMA engines
which with legacy implementation causes an overflow on SDxCTL.STRM
field (and the whole SDxCTL register) and as a result usage of
Reserved value 0 in the SDxCTL.STRM field which confuses HDA controller.
Signed-off-by: Rafal Redzimski <rafal.f.redzimski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jayachandran B <jayachandran.b@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Libin Yang <libin.yang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Pull drm fixes from Dave Airlie:
 "Xmas fixes pull:

  core:
      one atomic fix, revert the WARN_ON dumb buffers patch.

  agp:
      fixup Dave J.

  nouveau:
      fix 3.18 regression for old userspace

  tegra fixes:
      vblank and iommu fixes

  amdkfd:
      fix bugs shown by testing with userspace, init apertures once

  msm:
      hdmi fixes and cleanup

  i915:
      misc fixes

  There is also a link ordering fix that I've asked to be cc'ed to you,
  putting iommu before gpu, it fixes an issue with amdkfd when things
  are all in the kernel, but I didn't like sending it via my tree
  without discussion.

  I'll probably be a bit on/off for a few weeks with pulls now, due to
  holidays and LCA, so don't be surprised if stuff gets a bit backed up,
  and things end up a bit large due to lag"

* 'drm-fixes' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (28 commits)
  Revert "drm/gem: Warn on illegal use of the dumb buffer interface v2"
  agp: Fix up email address & attributions in AGP MODULE_AUTHOR tags
  nouveau: bring back legacy mmap handler
  drm/msm/hdmi: rework HDMI IRQ handler
  drm/msm/hdmi: enable regulators before clocks to avoid warnings
  drm/msm/mdp5: update irqs on crtc<->encoder link change
  drm/msm: block incoming update on pending updates
  drm/atomic: fix potential null ptr on plane enable
  drm/msm: Deletion of unnecessary checks before the function call "release_firmware"
  drm/msm: Deletion of unnecessary checks before two function calls
  drm/tegra: dc: Select root window for event dispatch
  drm/tegra: gem: Use the proper size for GEM objects
  drm/tegra: gem: Flush buffer objects upon allocation
  drm/tegra: dc: Fix a potential race on page-flip completion
  drm/tegra: dc: Consistently use the same pipe
  drm/irq: Add drm_crtc_vblank_count()
  drm/irq: Add drm_crtc_handle_vblank()
  drm/irq: Add drm_crtc_send_vblank_event()
  drm/i915: Disable PSMI sleep messages on all rings around context switches
  drm/i915: Force the CS stall for invalidate flushes
  ...

Pull ipmi driver bugfixes from Corey Minyard:
 "Fix two bugs:

  One that lockdep turned up, I didn't go far enough with cleanup of
  attributes for IPMI.  This has been there a long time; my previous fix
  of this didn't fix all the attributes.

  One fix for some arches that need an explicit linux/ctype.h for
  isspace()"

* tag 'for-linus-2' of git://git.code.sf.net/p/openipmi/linux-ipmi:
  ipmi: Fix compile issue with isspace()
  ipmi: Finish cleanup of BMC attributes

This reverts commit 355a7018.

This had some bad side effects under normal operation, and should
have been dropped earlier.
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>

- Display MEC fw version in topology. Without this, the HSA userspace
  stack is broken.

- Init apertures information only once per process

* tag 'amdkfd-fixes-2014-12-23' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~gabbayo/linux:
  amdkfd: init aperture once per process
  amdkfd: Display MEC fw version in topology node
  drm/radeon: Add implementation of get_fw_version
  drm/amd: Add get_fw_version to kfd-->kgd interface

Pull audit fixes from Paul Moore:
 "Four patches to fix various problems with the audit subsystem, all are
  fairly small and straightforward.

  One patch fixes a problem where we weren't using the correct gfp
  allocation flags (GFP_KERNEL regardless of context, oops), one patch
  fixes a problem with old userspace tools (this was broken for a
  while), one patch fixes a problem where we weren't recording pathnames
  correctly, and one fixes a problem with PID based filters.

  In general I don't think there is anything controversial with this
  patchset, and it fixes some rather unfortunate bugs; the allocation
  flag one can be particularly scary looking for users"

* 'upstream' of git://git.infradead.org/users/pcmoore/audit:
  audit: restore AUDIT_LOGINUID unset ABI
  audit: correctly record file names with different path name types
  audit: use supplied gfp_mask from audit_buffer in kauditd_send_multicast_skb
  audit: don't attempt to lookup PIDs when changing PID filtering audit rules

A regression was caused by commit 780a7654:
	 audit: Make testing for a valid loginuid explicit.
(which in turn attempted to fix a regression caused by e1760bd5)

When audit_krule_to_data() fills in the rules to get a listing, there was a
missing clause to convert back from AUDIT_LOGINUID_SET to AUDIT_LOGINUID.

This broke userspace by not returning the same information that was sent and
expected.

The rule:
	auditctl -a exit,never -F auid=-1
gives:
	auditctl -l
		LIST_RULES: exit,never f24=0 syscall=all
when it should give:
		LIST_RULES: exit,never auid=-1 (0xffffffff) syscall=all

Tag it so that it is reported the same way it was set.  Create a new
private flags audit_krule field (pflags) to store it that won't interact with
the public one from the API.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.10-rc1+
Signed-off-by: Richard Guy Briggs <rgb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>

Pull arm64 fixes from Catalin Marinas:
 - __cpu_suspend mm switching fix after warm boot
 - arch_setup_dma_ops implementation
 - pgd_page compilation error fix
 - defconfig updates

* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
  arm64: mm: Add pgd_page to support RCU fast_gup
  arm64: defconfig: defconfig update for 3.19
  arm64: kernel: fix __cpu_suspend mm switch on warm-boot
  arm64: Replace set_arch_dma_coherent_ops with arch_setup_dma_ops

This patch adds pgd_page definition in order to keep supporting
HAVE_GENERIC_RCU_GUP configuration. In addition, it changes pud_page
expression to align with pmd_page for readability.

An introduction of pgd_page resolves the following build breakage
under 4KB + 4Level memory management combo.

mm/gup.c: In function 'gup_huge_pgd':
mm/gup.c:889:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'pgd_page' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
  head = pgd_page(orig);
  ^
mm/gup.c:889:7: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
  head = pgd_page(orig);

Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jungseok Lee <jungseoklee85@gmail.com>
[catalin.marinas@arm.com: remove duplicate pmd_page definition]
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

The usual defconfig tweaks, this time:

  - FHANDLE and AUTOFS4_FS to keep systemd happy
  - PID_NS, QUOTA and KEYS to keep LTP happy
  - Disable DEBUG_PREEMPT, as this *really* hurts performance
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

On arm64 the TTBR0_EL1 register is set to either the reserved TTBR0
page tables on boot or to the active_mm mappings belonging to user space
processes, it must never be set to swapper_pg_dir page tables mappings.

When a CPU is booted its active_mm is set to init_mm even though its
TTBR0_EL1 points at the reserved TTBR0 page mappings. This implies
that when __cpu_suspend is triggered the active_mm can point at
init_mm even if the current TTBR0_EL1 register contains the reserved
TTBR0_EL1 mappings.

Therefore, the mm save and restore executed in __cpu_suspend might
turn out to be erroneous in that, if the current->active_mm corresponds
to init_mm, on resume from low power it ends up restoring in the
TTBR0_EL1 the init_mm mappings that are global and can cause speculation
of TLB entries which end up being propagated to user space.

This patch fixes the issue by checking the active_mm pointer before
restoring the TTBR0 mappings. If the current active_mm == &init_mm,
the code sets the TTBR0_EL1 to the reserved TTBR0 mapping instead of
switching back to the active_mm, which is the expected behaviour
corresponding to the TTBR0_EL1 settings when __cpu_suspend was entered.

Fixes: 95322526 ("arm64: kernel: cpu_{suspend/resume} implementation")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.14+: 18ab7db6
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.14+: 714f5992
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.14+: c3684fbb
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.14+
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

- Remove soon-to-be-dead @redhat address.
- Jeff Hartmann wrote the bulk of the original backend code, and should
  at least get a mention in the MODULE_AUTHOR for backend.o
- Various people at Intel have done a lot more work than myself on the
  intel-* drivers, so again, mention that.
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>

Pull device mapper fixes from Mike Snitzer:
 "Thre stable fixes and one fix for a regression introduced during 3.19
  merge:

   - Fix inability to discard used space when the thin-pool target is in
     out-of-data-space mode and also transition the thin-pool back to
     write mode once free space is made available.

   - Fix DM core bio-based end_io bug that prevented proper
     post-processing of the error code returned from the block layer.

   - Fix crash in DM thin-pool due to thin device being added to the
     pool's active_thins list before properly initializing the thin
     device's refcount"

* tag 'dm-3.19-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm: fix missed error code if .end_io isn't implemented by target_type
  dm thin: fix crash by initializing thin device's refcount and completion earlier
  dm thin: fix missing out-of-data-space to write mode transition if blocks are released
  dm thin: fix inability to discard blocks when in out-of-data-space mode

This reverts commit c8475d14.

There are several[1][2] of bug reports which points to this commit as potential
cause[3].

Let's revert it until we figure out what's going on.

[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/14/342
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/12/22/213
[3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/12/9/741Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>