Pull staging/iio fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are some Staging and IIO driver fixes for 4.13-rc5.

  Nothing major, just a number of small fixes for reported issues. All
  of these have been in linux-next for a while now with no reported
  issues. Full details are in the shortlog"

* tag 'staging-4.13-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging:
  staging: comedi: comedi_fops: do not call blocking ops when !TASK_RUNNING
  iio: aspeed-adc: wait for initial sequence.
  iio: accel: bmc150: Always restore device to normal mode after suspend-resume
  staging:iio:resolver:ad2s1210 fix negative IIO_ANGL_VEL read
  iio: adc: axp288: Fix the GPADC pin reading often wrongly returning 0
  iio: adc: vf610_adc: Fix VALT selection value for REFSEL bits
  iio: accel: st_accel: add SPI-3wire support
  iio: adc: Revert "axp288: Drop bogus AXP288_ADC_TS_PIN_CTRL register modifications"
  iio: adc: sun4i-gpadc-iio: fix unbalanced irq enable/disable
  iio: pressure: st_pressure_core: disable multiread by default for LPS22HB
  iio: light: tsl2563: use correct event code

Pull USB fixes from Greg KH:
 "Here are a number of small USB driver fixes and new device ids for
  4.13-rc5. There is the usual gadget driver fixes, some new quirks for
  "messy" hardware, and some new device ids.

  All have been in linux-next with no reported issues"

* tag 'usb-4.13-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb:
  USB: serial: pl2303: add new ATEN device id
  usb: quirks: Add no-lpm quirk for Moshi USB to Ethernet Adapter
  USB: Check for dropped connection before switching to full speed
  usb:xhci:Add quirk for Certain failing HP keyboard on reset after resume
  usb: renesas_usbhs: gadget: fix unused-but-set-variable warning
  usb: renesas_usbhs: Fix UGCTRL2 value for R-Car Gen3
  usb: phy: phy-msm-usb: Fix usage of devm_regulator_bulk_get()
  usb: gadget: udc: renesas_usb3: Fix usb_gadget_giveback_request() calling
  usb: dwc3: gadget: Correct ISOC DATA PIDs for short packets
  USB: serial: option: add D-Link DWM-222 device ID
  usb: musb: fix tx fifo flush handling again
  usb: core: unlink urbs from the tail of the endpoint's urb_list
  usb-storage: fix deadlock involving host lock and scsi_done
  uas: Add US_FL_IGNORE_RESIDUE for Initio Corporation INIC-3069
  USB: hcd: Mark secondary HCD as dead if the primary one died
  USB: serial: cp210x: add support for Qivicon USB ZigBee dongle

Pull another MTD fix from Brian Norris:
 "An mtdblock regression occurred in -rc1 (all writes were broken!), in
  the process of some block subsystem refactoring. Noticed and fixed
  last week, but I'm a little slow on the uptake"

* tag 'for-linus-20170812' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-mtd:
  mtd: blkdevs: Fix mtd block write failure

All the MTD block write requests are failing with
following error messages

    mkfs.ext4  /dev/mtdblock0

    print_req_error: I/O error, dev mtdblock0, sector 0
    Buffer I/O error on dev mtdblock0, logical block 0,
    lost async page write

The control is going to default case after block write request
because of missing return.

Fixes: commit 2a842aca ("block: introduce new block status code type")
Signed-off-by: Abhishek Sahu <absahu@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com>

Pull SCSI target fixes from Nicholas Bellinger:
 "The highlights include:

   - Fix iscsi-target payload memory leak during
     ISCSI_FLAG_TEXT_CONTINUE (Varun Prakash)

   - Fix tcm_qla2xxx incorrect use of tcm_qla2xxx_free_cmd during ABORT
     (Pascal de Bruijn + Himanshu Madhani + nab)

   - Fix iscsi-target long-standing issue with parallel delete of a
     single network portal across multiple target instances (Gary Guo +
     nab)

   - Fix target dynamic se_node GPF during uncached shutdown regression
     (Justin Maggard + nab)"

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nab/target-pending:
  target: Fix node_acl demo-mode + uncached dynamic shutdown regression
  iscsi-target: Fix iscsi_np reset hung task during parallel delete
  qla2xxx: Fix incorrect tcm_qla2xxx_free_cmd use during TMR ABORT (v2)
  cxgbit: fix sg_nents calculation
  iscsi-target: fix invalid flags in text response
  iscsi-target: fix memory leak in iscsit_setup_text_cmd()
  cxgbit: add missing __kfree_skb()
  tcmu: free old string on reconfig
  tcmu: Fix possible to/from address overflow when doing the memcpy

Pull xen fixes from Juergen Gross:
 "Some fixes for Xen:

   - a fix for a regression introduced in 4.13 for a Xen HVM-guest
     configured with KASLR

   - a fix for a possible deadlock in the xenbus driver when booting the
     system

   - a fix for lost interrupts in Xen guests"

* tag 'for-linus-4.13b-rc5-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
  xen/events: Fix interrupt lost during irq_disable and irq_enable
  xen: avoid deadlock in xenbus
  xen: fix hvm guest with kaslr enabled
  xen: split up xen_hvm_init_shared_info()
  x86: provide an init_mem_mapping hypervisor hook

Pull NFS client fixes from Anna Schumaker:
 "A few more NFS client bugfixes from me for rc5.

  Dros has a stable fix for flexfiles to prevent leaking the
  nfs4_ff_ds_version arrays when freeing a layout, Trond fixed a
  potential recovery loop situation with the TEST_STATEID operation, and
  Christoph fixed up the pNFS blocklayout Kconfig options to prevent
  unsafe use with kernels that don't have large block device support.
  Summary:

  Stable fix:
   - fix leaking nfs4_ff_ds_version array

  Other fixes:
   - improve TEST_STATEID OLD_STATEID handling to prevent recovery loop

   - require 64-bit sector_t for pNFS blocklayout to prevent 32-bit
     compile errors"

* tag 'nfs-for-4.13-5' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/anna/linux-nfs:
  pnfs/blocklayout: require 64-bit sector_t
  NFSv4: Ignore NFS4ERR_OLD_STATEID in nfs41_check_open_stateid()
  nfs/flexfiles: fix leak of nfs4_ff_ds_version arrays

Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "A set of fixes that should go into this series. This contains:

   - Fix from Bart for blk-mq requeue queue running, preventing a
     continued loop of run/restart.

   - Fix for a bio/blk-integrity issue, in two parts. One from
     Christoph, fixing where verification happens, and one from Milan,
     for a NULL profile.

   - NVMe pull request, most of the changes being for nvme-fc, but also
     a few trivial core/pci fixes"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  nvme: fix directive command numd calculation
  nvme: fix nvme reset command timeout handling
  nvme-pci: fix CMB sysfs file removal in reset path
  lpfc: support nvmet_fc defer_rcv callback
  nvmet_fc: add defer_req callback for deferment of cmd buffer return
  nvme: strip trailing 0-bytes in wwid_show
  block: Make blk_mq_delay_kick_requeue_list() rerun the queue at a quiet time
  bio-integrity: only verify integrity on the lowest stacked driver
  bio-integrity: Fix regression if profile verify_fn is NULL

Pull MMC fixes from Ulf Hansson:
 "MMC core:

   - fix lockdep splat when removing mmc_block module

   - fix the logic for setting eMMC HS400ES signal voltage

  MMC host:

   - omap_hsmmc: add CMD23 capability to fix -EIO errors"

* tag 'mmc-v4.13-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/mmc:
  mmc: block: fix lockdep splat when removing mmc_block module
  mmc: mmc: correct the logic for setting HS400ES signal voltage
  mmc: host: omap_hsmmc: Add CMD23 capability to omap_hsmmc driver

Pull fbdev fixes from Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz:

 - allow user to disable write combined mapping in efifb driver (Dave
   Airlie)

 - fix use after free bugs on driver removal in imxfb driver (Dan
   Carpenter)

 - fix unused variable warning in omapfb driver (Arnd Bergmann)

* tag 'fbdev-v4.13-rc5' of git://github.com/bzolnier/linux:
  efifb: allow user to disable write combined mapping.
  fbdev: omapfb: remove unused variable
  video: fbdev: imxfb: use after free in imxfb_remove()

Pull fuse fixes from Miklos Szeredi:
 "Fix a few bugs in fuse"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuse:
  fuse: set mapping error in writepage_locked when it fails
  fuse: Dont call set_page_dirty_lock() for ITER_BVEC pages for async_dio
  fuse: initialize the flock flag in fuse_file on allocation

Pull IOMMU fix from Joerg Roedel:
 "Fix a NULL-pointer dereference in arm_smmu_add_device"

* tag 'iommu-fixes-v4.13-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/joro/iommu:
  iommu/arm-smmu: fix null-pointer dereference in arm_smmu_add_device

The blocklayout code does not compile cleanly for a 32-bit sector_t,
and also has no reliable checks for devices sizes, which makes it
unsafe to use with a kernel that doesn't support large block devices.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Fixes: 5c83746a ("pnfs/blocklayout: in-kernel GETDEVICEINFO XDR parsing")
Signed-off-by: Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>

Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman:
 "All fixes for code that went in this cycle.

   - a revert of an optimisation to the syscall exit path, which could
     lead to an oops on either older machines or machines with > 1TB of
     memory

   - disable some deep idle states if the firmware configuration for
     them fails

   - re-enable HARD/SOFT lockup detectors in defconfigs after a Kconfig
     change

   - six fairly small patches fixing bugs in our new watchdog code

  Thanks to: Gautham R Shenoy, Nicholas Piggin"

* tag 'powerpc-4.13-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
  powerpc/watchdog: add locking around init/exit functions
  powerpc/watchdog: Fix marking of stuck CPUs
  powerpc/watchdog: Fix final-check recovered case
  powerpc/watchdog: Moderate touch_nmi_watchdog overhead
  powerpc/watchdog: Improve watchdog lock primitive
  powerpc: NMI IPI improve lock primitive
  powerpc/configs: Re-enable HARD/SOFT lockup detectors
  powerpc/powernv/idle: Disable LOSE_FULL_CONTEXT states when stop-api fails
  Revert "powerpc/64: Avoid restore_math call if possible in syscall exit"

Commit c54451a5 "iommu/arm-smmu: Fix the error path in arm_smmu_add_device"
removed fwspec assignment in legacy_binding path as redundant which is
wrong. It needs to be updated after fwspec initialisation in
arm_smmu_register_legacy_master() as it is dereferenced later. Without
this there is a NULL-pointer dereference panic during boot on some hosts.
Signed-off-by: Artem Savkov <asavkov@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>

Here is a device has xen-pirq-MSI interrupt. Dom0 might lost interrupt
during driver irq_disable/irq_enable. Here is the scenario,
 1. irq_disable -> disable_dynirq -> mask_evtchn(irq channel)
 2. dev interrupt raised by HW and Xen mark its evtchn as pending
 3. irq_enable -> startup_pirq -> eoi_pirq ->
    clear_evtchn(channel of irq) -> clear pending status
 4. consume_one_event process the irq event without pending bit assert
    which result in interrupt lost once
 5. No HW interrupt raising anymore.

Now use enable_dynirq for enable_pirq of xen_pirq_chip to remove
eoi_pirq when irq_enable.
Signed-off-by: Liu Shuo <shuo.a.liu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

When starting the xenwatch thread a theoretical deadlock situation is
possible:

xs_init() contains:

    task = kthread_run(xenwatch_thread, NULL, "xenwatch");
    if (IS_ERR(task))
        return PTR_ERR(task);
    xenwatch_pid = task->pid;

And xenwatch_thread() does:

    mutex_lock(&xenwatch_mutex);
    ...
    event->handle->callback();
    ...
    mutex_unlock(&xenwatch_mutex);

The callback could call unregister_xenbus_watch() which does:

    ...
    if (current->pid != xenwatch_pid)
        mutex_lock(&xenwatch_mutex);
    ...

In case a watch is firing before xenwatch_pid could be set and the
callback of that watch unregisters a watch, then a self-deadlock would
occur.

Avoid this by setting xenwatch_pid in xenwatch_thread().
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

Pull NVMe fixes from Christoph:

"A few more small fixes - the fc/lpfc update is the biggest by far."

A Xen HVM guest running with KASLR enabled will die rather soon today
because the shared info page mapping is using va() too early. This was
introduced by commit a5d5f328 ("xen:
allocate page for shared info page from low memory").

In order to fix this use early_memremap() to get a temporary virtual
address for shared info until va() can be used safely.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

Instead of calling xen_hvm_init_shared_info() on boot and resume split
it up into a boot time function searching for the pfn to use and a
mapping function doing the hypervisor mapping call.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

Provide a hook in hypervisor_x86 called after setting up initial
memory mapping.

This is needed e.g. by Xen HVM guests to map the hypervisor shared
info page.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

This ensures that we see errors on fsync when writeback fails.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

Pull drm fixes from Dave Airlie:
 "Nothing too earth shattering here, it just seems like lots of little
  things all over the place.

  msm has probably the larger amount of changes, but they all seem fine,
  otherwise, some rockchip, i915, etnaviv and exynos fixes, along with
  one nouveau regression fix for some older GPUs"

* tag 'drm-fixes-for-v4.13-rc5' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux: (35 commits)
  drm/nouveau/disp/nv04: avoid creation of output paths
  drm: make DRM_STM default n
  drm/exynos: forbid creating framebuffers from too small GEM buffers
  drm/etnaviv: Fix off-by-one error in reloc checking
  drm/i915: fix backlight invert for non-zero minimum brightness
  drm/i915/shrinker: Wrap need_resched() inside preempt-disable
  drm/i915/perf: fix flex eu registers programming
  drm/i915: Fix out-of-bounds array access in bdw_load_gamma_lut
  drm/i915/gvt: Change the max length of mmio_reg_rw from 4 to 8
  drm/i915/gvt: Initialize MMIO Block with HW state
  drm/rockchip: vop: report error when check resource error
  drm/rockchip: vop: round_up pitches to word align
  drm/rockchip: vop: fix NV12 video display error
  drm/rockchip: vop: fix iommu page fault when resume
  drm/i915/gvt: clean workload queue if error happened
  drm/i915/gvt: change resetting to resetting_eng
  drm/msm: gpu: don't abuse dma_alloc for non-DMA allocations
  drm/msm: gpu: call qcom_mdt interfaces only for ARCH_QCOM
  drm/msm/adreno: Prevent unclocked access when retrieving timestamps
  drm/msm: Remove __user from __u64 data types
  ...

Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
 "21 fixes"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (21 commits)
  userfaultfd: replace ENOSPC with ESRCH in case mm has gone during copy/zeropage
  zram: rework copy of compressor name in comp_algorithm_store()
  rmap: do not call mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() under ptl
  mm: fix list corruptions on shmem shrinklist
  mm/balloon_compaction.c: don't zero ballooned pages
  MAINTAINERS: copy virtio on balloon_compaction.c
  mm: fix KSM data corruption
  mm: fix MADV_[FREE|DONTNEED] TLB flush miss problem
  mm: make tlb_flush_pending global
  mm: refactor TLB gathering API
  Revert "mm: numa: defer TLB flush for THP migration as long as possible"
  mm: migrate: fix barriers around tlb_flush_pending
  mm: migrate: prevent racy access to tlb_flush_pending
  fault-inject: fix wrong should_fail() decision in task context
  test_kmod: fix small memory leak on filesystem tests
  test_kmod: fix the lock in register_test_dev_kmod()
  test_kmod: fix bug which allows negative values on two config options
  test_kmod: fix spelling mistake: "EMTPY" -> "EMPTY"
  userfaultfd: hugetlbfs: remove superfluous page unlock in VM_SHARED case
  mm: ratelimit PFNs busy info message
  ...

When the process exit races with outstanding mcopy_atomic, it would be
better to return ESRCH error.  When such race occurs the process and
it's mm are going away and returning "no such process" to the uffd
monitor seems better fit than ENOSPC.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502111545-32305-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

comp_algorithm_store() passes the size of the source buffer to strlcpy()
instead of the destination buffer size.  Make it explicit that the two
buffers have the same size and use strcpy() instead of strlcpy().  The
latter can be done safely since the function ensures that the string in
the source buffer is terminated.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170803163350.45245-1-mka@chromium.orgSigned-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

MMU notifiers can sleep, but in page_mkclean_one() we call
mmu_notifier_invalidate_page() under page table lock.

Let's instead use mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() outside
page_vma_mapped_walk() loop.

[jglisse@redhat.com: try_to_unmap_one() do not call mmu_notifier under ptl]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170809204333.27485-1-jglisse@redhat.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170804134928.l4klfcnqatni7vsc@black.fi.intel.com
Fixes: c7ab0d2f ("mm: convert try_to_unmap_one() to use page_vma_mapped_walk()")
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Reported-by: axie <axie@amd.com>
Cc: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
Cc: "Writer, Tim" <Tim.Writer@amd.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We saw many list corruption warnings on shmem shrinklist:

  WARNING: CPU: 18 PID: 177 at lib/list_debug.c:59 __list_del_entry+0x9e/0xc0
  list_del corruption. prev->next should be ffff9ae5694b82d8, but was ffff9ae5699ba960
  Modules linked in: intel_rapl sb_edac edac_core x86_pkg_temp_thermal coretemp iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel raid0 dcdbas shpchp wmi hed i2c_i801 ioatdma lpc_ich i2c_smbus acpi_cpufreq tcp_diag inet_diag sch_fq_codel ipmi_si ipmi_devintf ipmi_msghandler igb ptp crc32c_intel pps_core i2c_algo_bit i2c_core dca ipv6 crc_ccitt
  CPU: 18 PID: 177 Comm: kswapd1 Not tainted 4.9.34-t3.el7.twitter.x86_64 #1
  Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge C6220/0W6W6G, BIOS 2.2.3 11/07/2013
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x4d/0x66
    __warn+0xcb/0xf0
    warn_slowpath_fmt+0x4f/0x60
    __list_del_entry+0x9e/0xc0
    shmem_unused_huge_shrink+0xfa/0x2e0
    shmem_unused_huge_scan+0x20/0x30
    super_cache_scan+0x193/0x1a0
    shrink_slab.part.41+0x1e3/0x3f0
    shrink_slab+0x29/0x30
    shrink_node+0xf9/0x2f0
    kswapd+0x2d8/0x6c0
    kthread+0xd7/0xf0
    ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30

  WARNING: CPU: 23 PID: 639 at lib/list_debug.c:33 __list_add+0x89/0xb0
  list_add corruption. prev->next should be next (ffff9ae5699ba960), but was ffff9ae5694b82d8. (prev=ffff9ae5694b82d8).
  Modules linked in: intel_rapl sb_edac edac_core x86_pkg_temp_thermal coretemp iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel raid0 dcdbas shpchp wmi hed i2c_i801 ioatdma lpc_ich i2c_smbus acpi_cpufreq tcp_diag inet_diag sch_fq_codel ipmi_si ipmi_devintf ipmi_msghandler igb ptp crc32c_intel pps_core i2c_algo_bit i2c_core dca ipv6 crc_ccitt
  CPU: 23 PID: 639 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G        W       4.9.34-t3.el7.twitter.x86_64 #1
  Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge C6220/0W6W6G, BIOS 2.2.3 11/07/2013
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack+0x4d/0x66
    __warn+0xcb/0xf0
    warn_slowpath_fmt+0x4f/0x60
    __list_add+0x89/0xb0
    shmem_setattr+0x204/0x230
    notify_change+0x2ef/0x440
    do_truncate+0x5d/0x90
    path_openat+0x331/0x1190
    do_filp_open+0x7e/0xe0
    do_sys_open+0x123/0x200
    SyS_open+0x1e/0x20
    do_syscall_64+0x61/0x170
    entry_SYSCALL64_slow_path+0x25/0x25

The problem is that shmem_unused_huge_shrink() moves entries from the
global sbinfo->shrinklist to its local lists and then releases the
spinlock.  However, a parallel shmem_setattr() could access one of these
entries directly and add it back to the global shrinklist if it is
removed, with the spinlock held.

The logic itself looks solid since an entry could be either in a local
list or the global list, otherwise it is removed from one of them by
list_del_init().  So probably the race condition is that, one CPU is in
the middle of INIT_LIST_HEAD() but the other CPU calls list_empty()
which returns true too early then the following list_add_tail() sees a
corrupted entry.

list_empty_careful() is designed to fix this situation.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comments]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170803054630.18775-1-xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com
Fixes: 779750d2 ("shmem: split huge pages beyond i_size under memory pressure")
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Revert commit bb01b64c ("mm/balloon_compaction.c: enqueue zero page
to balloon device")'

Zeroing ballon pages is rather time consuming, especially when a lot of
pages are in flight. E.g. 7GB worth of ballooned memory takes 2.8s with
__GFP_ZERO while it takes ~491ms without it.

The original commit argued that zeroing will help ksmd to merge these
pages on the host but this argument is assuming that the host actually
marks balloon pages for ksm which is not universally true.  So we pay
performance penalty for something that even might not be used in the end
which is wrong.  The host can zero out pages on its own when there is a
need.

[mhocko@kernel.org: new changelog text]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501761557-9758-1-git-send-email-wei.w.wang@intel.com
Fixes: bb01b64c ("mm/balloon_compaction.c: enqueue zero page to balloon device")
Signed-off-by: Wei Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: zhenwei.pi <zhenwei.pi@youruncloud.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Changes to mm/balloon_compaction.c can easily break virtio, and virtio
is the only user of that interface.  Add a line to MAINTAINERS so
whoever changes that file remembers to copy us.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501764010-24456-1-git-send-email-mst@redhat.comSigned-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Wei Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Nadav reported KSM can corrupt the user data by the TLB batching
race[1].  That means data user written can be lost.

Quote from Nadav Amit:
 "For this race we need 4 CPUs:

  CPU0: Caches a writable and dirty PTE entry, and uses the stale value
  for write later.

  CPU1: Runs madvise_free on the range that includes the PTE. It would
  clear the dirty-bit. It batches TLB flushes.

  CPU2: Writes 4 to /proc/PID/clear_refs , clearing the PTEs soft-dirty.
  We care about the fact that it clears the PTE write-bit, and of
  course, batches TLB flushes.

  CPU3: Runs KSM. Our purpose is to pass the following test in
  write_protect_page():

	if (pte_write(*pvmw.pte) || pte_dirty(*pvmw.pte) ||
	    (pte_protnone(*pvmw.pte) && pte_savedwrite(*pvmw.pte)))

  Since it will avoid TLB flush. And we want to do it while the PTE is
  stale. Later, and before replacing the page, we would be able to
  change the page.

  Note that all the operations the CPU1-3 perform canhappen in parallel
  since they only acquire mmap_sem for read.

  We start with two identical pages. Everything below regards the same
  page/PTE.

  CPU0        CPU1        CPU2        CPU3
  ----        ----        ----        ----
  Write the same
  value on page

  [cache PTE as
   dirty in TLB]

              MADV_FREE
              pte_mkclean()

                          4 > clear_refs
                          pte_wrprotect()

                                      write_protect_page()
                                      [ success, no flush ]

                                      pages_indentical()
                                      [ ok ]

  Write to page
  different value

  [Ok, using stale
   PTE]

                                      replace_page()

  Later, CPU1, CPU2 and CPU3 would flush the TLB, but that is too late.
  CPU0 already wrote on the page, but KSM ignored this write, and it got
  lost"

In above scenario, MADV_FREE is fixed by changing TLB batching API
including [set|clear]_tlb_flush_pending.  Remained thing is soft-dirty
part.

This patch changes soft-dirty uses TLB batching API instead of
flush_tlb_mm and KSM checks pending TLB flush by using
mm_tlb_flush_pending so that it will flush TLB to avoid data lost if
there are other parallel threads pending TLB flush.

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/BD3A0EBE-ECF4-41D4-87FA-C755EA9AB6BD@gmail.com

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-8-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Reported-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Tested-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Nadav reported parallel MADV_DONTNEED on same range has a stale TLB
problem and Mel fixed it[1] and found same problem on MADV_FREE[2].

Quote from Mel Gorman:
 "The race in question is CPU 0 running madv_free and updating some PTEs
  while CPU 1 is also running madv_free and looking at the same PTEs.
  CPU 1 may have writable TLB entries for a page but fail the pte_dirty
  check (because CPU 0 has updated it already) and potentially fail to
  flush.

  Hence, when madv_free on CPU 1 returns, there are still potentially
  writable TLB entries and the underlying PTE is still present so that a
  subsequent write does not necessarily propagate the dirty bit to the
  underlying PTE any more. Reclaim at some unknown time at the future
  may then see that the PTE is still clean and discard the page even
  though a write has happened in the meantime. I think this is possible
  but I could have missed some protection in madv_free that prevents it
  happening."

This patch aims for solving both problems all at once and is ready for
other problem with KSM, MADV_FREE and soft-dirty story[3].

TLB batch API(tlb_[gather|finish]_mmu] uses [inc|dec]_tlb_flush_pending
and mmu_tlb_flush_pending so that when tlb_finish_mmu is called, we can
catch there are parallel threads going on.  In that case, forcefully,
flush TLB to prevent for user to access memory via stale TLB entry
although it fail to gather page table entry.

I confirmed this patch works with [4] test program Nadav gave so this
patch supersedes "mm: Always flush VMA ranges affected by zap_page_range
v2" in current mmotm.

NOTE:

This patch modifies arch-specific TLB gathering interface(x86, ia64,
s390, sh, um).  It seems most of architecture are straightforward but
s390 need to be careful because tlb_flush_mmu works only if
mm->context.flush_mm is set to non-zero which happens only a pte entry
really is cleared by ptep_get_and_clear and friends.  However, this
problem never changes the pte entries but need to flush to prevent
memory access from stale tlb.

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170725101230.5v7gvnjmcnkzzql3@techsingularity.net
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170725100722.2dxnmgypmwnrfawp@suse.de
[3] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/BD3A0EBE-ECF4-41D4-87FA-C755EA9AB6BD@gmail.com
[4] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9861621/

[minchan@kernel.org: decrease tlb flush pending count in tlb_finish_mmu]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170808080821.GA31730@bbox
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-7-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Reported-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Reported-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently, tlb_flush_pending is used only for CONFIG_[NUMA_BALANCING|
COMPACTION] but upcoming patches to solve subtle TLB flush batching
problem will use it regardless of compaction/NUMA so this patch doesn't
remove the dependency.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove more ifdefs from world's ugliest printk statement]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-6-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch is a preparatory patch for solving race problems caused by
TLB batch.  For that, we will increase/decrease TLB flush pending count
of mm_struct whenever tlb_[gather|finish]_mmu is called.

Before making it simple, this patch separates architecture specific part
and rename it to arch_tlb_[gather|finish]_mmu and generic part just
calls it.

It shouldn't change any behavior.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-5-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

While deferring TLB flushes is a good practice, the reverted patch
caused pending TLB flushes to be checked while the page-table lock is
not taken.  As a result, in architectures with weak memory model (PPC),
Linux may miss a memory-barrier, miss the fact TLB flushes are pending,
and cause (in theory) a memory corruption.

Since the alternative of using smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() was
considered a bit open-coded, and the performance impact is expected to
be small, the previous patch is reverted.

This reverts b0943d61 ("mm: numa: defer TLB flush for THP migration
as long as possible").

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-4-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Reading tlb_flush_pending while the page-table lock is taken does not
require a barrier, since the lock/unlock already acts as a barrier.
Removing the barrier in mm_tlb_flush_pending() to address this issue.

However, migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() calls mm_tlb_flush_pending()
while the page-table lock is already released, which may present a
problem on architectures with weak memory model (PPC).  To deal with
this case, a new parameter is added to mm_tlb_flush_pending() to
indicate if it is read without the page-table lock taken, and calling
smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() in this case.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-3-namit@vmware.comSigned-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "fixes of TLB batching races", v6.

It turns out that Linux TLB batching mechanism suffers from various
races.  Races that are caused due to batching during reclamation were
recently handled by Mel and this patch-set deals with others.  The more
fundamental issue is that concurrent updates of the page-tables allow
for TLB flushes to be batched on one core, while another core changes
the page-tables.  This other core may assume a PTE change does not
require a flush based on the updated PTE value, while it is unaware that
TLB flushes are still pending.

This behavior affects KSM (which may result in memory corruption) and
MADV_FREE and MADV_DONTNEED (which may result in incorrect behavior).  A
proof-of-concept can easily produce the wrong behavior of MADV_DONTNEED.
Memory corruption in KSM is harder to produce in practice, but was
observed by hacking the kernel and adding a delay before flushing and
replacing the KSM page.

Finally, there is also one memory barrier missing, which may affect
architectures with weak memory model.

This patch (of 7):

Setting and clearing mm->tlb_flush_pending can be performed by multiple
threads, since mmap_sem may only be acquired for read in
task_numa_work().  If this happens, tlb_flush_pending might be cleared
while one of the threads still changes PTEs and batches TLB flushes.

This can lead to the same race between migration and
change_protection_range() that led to the introduction of
tlb_flush_pending.  The result of this race was data corruption, which
means that this patch also addresses a theoretically possible data
corruption.

An actual data corruption was not observed, yet the race was was
confirmed by adding assertion to check tlb_flush_pending is not set by
two threads, adding artificial latency in change_protection_range() and
using sysctl to reduce kernel.numa_balancing_scan_delay_ms.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-2-namit@vmware.com
Fixes: 20841405 ("mm: fix TLB flush race between migration, and
change_protection_range")
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 1203c8e6 ("fault-inject: simplify access check for fail-nth")
unintentionally broke a conditional statement in should_fail().  Any
faults are not injected in the task context by the change when the
systematic fault injection is not used.

This change restores to the previous correct behaviour.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1501633700-3488-1-git-send-email-akinobu.mita@gmail.com
Fixes: 1203c8e6 ("fault-inject: simplify access check for fail-nth")
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Lu Fengqi <lufq.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Lu Fengqi <lufq.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The break was in the wrong place so file system tests don't work as
intended, leaking memory at each test switch.

[mcgrof@kernel.org: massaged commit subject, noted memory leak issue without the fix]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802211450.27928-6-mcgrof@kernel.org
Fixes: 39258f448d71 ("kmod: add test driver to stress test the module loader")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Reported-by: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We accidentally just drop the lock twice instead of taking it and then
releasing it.  This isn't a big issue unless you are adding more than
one device to test on, and the kmod.sh doesn't do that yet, however this
obviously is the correct thing to do.

[mcgrof@kernel.org: massaged subject, explain what happens]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802211450.27928-5-mcgrof@kernel.org
Fixes: 39258f448d71 ("kmod: add test driver to stress test the module loader")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Cc: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>