- 12 Dec, 2012 40 commits
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Yasuaki Ishimatsu authored
register_node() is defined as extern in include/linux/node.h. But the function is only called from register_one_node() in driver/base/node.c. So the patch defines register_node() as static. Signed-off-by:
Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by:
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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David Rientjes authored
Remove some duplicate code and simplify alloc_pages_vma(). No functional change. Signed-off-by:
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Jeff Liu authored
kswapd()->try_to_freeze() is defined to return a boolean, so it's better to use a bool to hold its return value. Signed-off-by:
Jie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by:
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Rafael Aquini authored
The PATCH "mm: introduce compaction and migration for virtio ballooned pages" hacks around putback_lru_pages() in order to allow ballooned pages to be re-inserted on balloon page list as if a ballooned page was like a LRU page. As ballooned pages are not legitimate LRU pages, this patch introduces putback_movable_pages() to properly cope with cases where the isolated pageset contains ballooned pages and LRU pages, thus fixing the mentioned inelegant hack around putback_lru_pages(). Signed-off-by:
Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Rafael Aquini authored
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload. Besides making balloon pages movable at allocation time and introducing the necessary primitives to perform balloon page migration/compaction, this patch also introduces the following locking scheme, in order to enhance the syncronization methods for accessing elements of struct virtio_balloon, thus providing protection against concurrent access introduced by parallel memory migration threads. - balloon_lock (mutex) : synchronizes the access demand to elements of struct virtio_balloon and its queue operations; [yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn: fix missing unlock on error in fill_balloon()] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid having multiple return points in fill_balloon()] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warning]Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by:Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn> Signed-off-by:
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Rafael Aquini authored
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload. This patch introduces the helper functions as well as the necessary changes to teach compaction and migration bits how to cope with pages which are part of a guest memory balloon, in order to make them movable by memory compaction procedures. Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Rafael Aquini authored
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload. This patch introduces a common interface to help a balloon driver on making its page set movable to compaction, and thus allowing the system to better leverage the compation efforts on memory defragmentation. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP, s/__balloon_page_flags/page_flags_cleared/, small cleanups] [rientjes@google.com: allow balloon compaction for any system with memory compaction enabled, which is the defconfig] Signed-off-by:
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Rafael Aquini authored
Overhaul struct address_space.assoc_mapping renaming it to address_space.private_data and its type is redefined to void*. By this approach we consistently name the .private_* elements from struct address_space as well as allow extended usage for address_space association with other data structures through ->private_data. Also, all users of old ->assoc_mapping element are converted to reflect its new name and type change (->private_data). Signed-off-by:
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Rafael Aquini authored
Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload. This patch-set follows the main idea discussed at 2012 LSFMMS session: "Ballooning for transparent huge pages" -- http://lwn.net/Articles/490114/ to introduce the required changes to the virtio_balloon driver, as well as the changes to the core compaction & migration bits, in order to make those subsystems aware of ballooned pages and allow memory balloon pages become movable within a guest, thus avoiding the aforementioned fragmentation issue Following are numbers that prove this patch benefits on allowing compaction to be more effective at memory ballooned guests. Results for STRESS-HIGHALLOC benchmark, from Mel Gorman's mmtests suite, running on a 4gB RAM KVM guest which was ballooning 512mB RAM in 64mB chunks, at every minute (inflating/deflating), while test was running: ===BEGIN stress-highalloc STRESS-HIGHALLOC highalloc-3.7 highalloc-3.7 rc4-clean rc4-patch Pass 1 55.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 7.00%) Pass 2 54.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 8.00%) while Rested 75.00 ( 0.00%) 80.00 ( 5.00%) MMTests Statistics: duration 3.7 3.7 rc4-clean rc4-patch User 1207.59 1207.46 System 1300.55 1299.61 Elapsed 2273.72 2157.06 MMTests Statistics: vmstat 3.7 3.7 rc4-clean rc4-patch Page Ins 3581516 2374368 Page Outs 11148692 10410332 Swap Ins 80 47 Swap Outs 3641 476 Direct pages scanned 37978 33826 Kswapd pages scanned 1828245 1342869 Kswapd pages reclaimed 1710236 1304099 Direct pages reclaimed 32207 31005 Kswapd efficiency 93% 97% Kswapd velocity 804.077 622.546 Direct efficiency 84% 91% Direct velocity 16.703 15.682 Percentage direct scans 2% 2% Page writes by reclaim 79252 9704 Page writes file 75611 9228 Page writes anon 3641 476 Page reclaim immediate 16764 11014 Page rescued immediate 0 0 Slabs scanned 2171904 2152448 Direct inode steals 385 2261 Kswapd inode steals 659137 609670 Kswapd skipped wait 1 69 THP fault alloc 546 631 THP collapse alloc 361 339 THP splits 259 263 THP fault fallback 98 50 THP collapse fail 20 17 Compaction stalls 747 499 Compaction success 244 145 Compaction failures 503 354 Compaction pages moved 370888 474837 Compaction move failure 77378 65259 ===END stress-highalloc This patch: Introduce MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS as the default return code for address_space_operations.migratepage() method and documents the expected return code for the same method in failure cases. Signed-off-by:
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Andrew Morton authored
Consistently spell this word across arch/sparc/mm and arch/sparc/kernel. Acked-by:
David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the sparc64 hugetlb_get_unmapped_area function to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. Signed-off-by:
Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Reviewed-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the sparc64 arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove now-unused COLOUR_ALIGN_DOWN()] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the tile hugetlb_get_unmapped_area function to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the sparc32 arch_get_unmapped_area function to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove now-unused COLOUR_ALIGN()] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the sh arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove now-unused COLOUR_ALIGN_DOWN()] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the arm arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove now-unused COLOUR_ALIGN_DOWN()] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the mips arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove now-unused COLOUR_ALIGN_DOWN()] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the i386 hugetlb_get_unmapped_area function to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the hugetlb_get_unmapped_area function to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Fix the x86-64 cache alignment code to take pgoff into account. Use the x86 and MIPS cache alignment code as the basis for a generic cache alignment function. The old x86 code will always align the mmap to aliasing boundaries, even if the program mmaps the file with a non-zero pgoff. If program A mmaps the file with pgoff 0, and program B mmaps the file with pgoff 1. The old code would align the mmaps, resulting in misaligned pages: A: 0123 B: 123 After this patch, they are aligned so the pages line up: A: 0123 B: 123 Proposed by Rik van Riel. Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Update the x86_64 arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Implement vm_unmapped_area() using the rb_subtree_gap and highest_vm_end information to look up for suitable virtual address space gaps. struct vm_unmapped_area_info is used to define the desired allocation request: - lowest or highest possible address matching the remaining constraints - desired gap length - low/high address limits that the gap must fit into - alignment mask and offset Also update the generic arch_get_unmapped_area[_topdown] functions to make use of vm_unmapped_area() instead of implementing a brute force search. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
The kernel walks the VMA rbtree in various places, including the page fault path. However, the vm_rb node spanned two cache lines, on 64 bit systems with 64 byte cache lines (most x86 systems). Rearrange vm_area_struct a little, so all the information we need to do a VMA tree walk is in the first cache line. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
When CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB is enabled, check that rb_subtree_gap is correctly set for every vma and that mm->highest_vm_end is also correct. Also add an explicit 'bug' variable to track if browse_rb() detected any invalid condition. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: repair innovative coding-style inventions] Signed-off-by:
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Michel Lespinasse authored
Define vma->rb_subtree_gap as the largest gap between any vma in the subtree rooted at that vma, and their predecessor. Or, for a recursive definition, vma->rb_subtree_gap is the max of: - vma->vm_start - vma->vm_prev->vm_end - rb_subtree_gap fields of the vmas pointed by vma->rb.rb_left and vma->rb.rb_right This will allow get_unmapped_area_* to find a free area of the right size in O(log(N)) time, instead of potentially having to do a linear walk across all the VMAs. Also define mm->highest_vm_end as the vm_end field of the highest vma, so that we can easily check if the following gap is suitable. This does have the potential to make unmapping VMAs more expensive, especially for processes with very large numbers of VMAs, where the VMA rbtree can grow quite deep. Signed-off-by:
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Andi Kleen authored
Also remove -Wextra because gcc-4.6 emits lots of irritating signed/unsigned comparison warnings. Signed-off-by:
Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Andi Kleen authored
There was some desire in large applications using MAP_HUGETLB or SHM_HUGETLB to use 1GB huge pages on some mappings, and stay with 2MB on others. This is useful together with NUMA policy: use 2MB interleaving on some mappings, but 1GB on local mappings. This patch extends the IPC/SHM syscall interfaces slightly to allow specifying the page size. It borrows some upper bits in the existing flag arguments and allows encoding the log of the desired page size in addition to the *_HUGETLB flag. When 0 is specified the default size is used, this makes the change fully compatible. Extending the internal hugetlb code to handle this is straight forward. Instead of a single mount it just keeps an array of them and selects the right mount based on the specified page size. When no page size is specified it uses the mount of the default page size. The change is not visible in /proc/mounts because internal mounts don't appear there. It also has very little overhead: the additional mounts just consume a super block, but not more memory when not used. I also exported the new flags to the user headers (they were previously under __KERNEL__). Right now only symbols for x86 and some other architecture for 1GB and 2MB are defined. The interface should already work for all other architectures though. Only architectures that define multiple hugetlb sizes actually need it (that is currently x86, tile, powerpc). However tile and powerpc have user configurable hugetlb sizes, so it's not easy to add defines. A program on those architectures would need to query sysfs and use the appropiate log2. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups] [rientjes@google.com: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] Signed-off-by:
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
action_result() fails to print out "dirty" even if an error occurred on a dirty pagecache, because when we check PageDirty in action_result() it was cleared after page isolation even if it's dirty before error handling. This can break some applications that monitor this message, so should be fixed. There are several callers of action_result() except page_action(), but either of them are not for LRU pages but for free pages or kernel pages, so we don't have to consider dirty or not for them. Note that PG_dirty can be set outside page locks as described in commit 6746aff7 ("HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked page"), so this patch does not completely closes the race window, but just narrows it. Signed-off-by:
Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Reviewed-by:
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Matthieu CASTET authored
This can help to catch the case where hardware is writing after dma free. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tidy code, fix comment, use sizeof(page->offset), use pr_err()] Signed-off-by:
Matthieu Castet <matthieu.castet@parrot.com> Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
Exiting threads, those with PF_EXITING set, can pagefault and require memory before they can make forward progress. This happens, for instance, when a process must fault task->robust_list, a userspace structure, before detaching its memory. These threads also aren't guaranteed to get access to memory reserves unless oom killed or killed from userspace. The oom killer won't grant memory reserves if other threads are also exiting other than current and stalling at the same point. This prevents needlessly killing processes when others are already exiting. Instead of special casing all the possible situations between PF_EXITING getting set and a thread detaching its mm where it may allocate memory, which probably wouldn't get updated when a change is made to the exit path, the solution is to give all exiting threads access to memory reserves if they call the oom killer. This allows them to quickly allocate, detach its mm, and free the memory it represents. Summary of Luigi's bug report: : He had an oom condition where threads were faulting on task->robust_list : and repeatedly called the oom killer but it would defer killing a thread : because it saw other PF_EXITING threads. This can happen anytime we need : to allocate memory after setting PF_EXITING and before detaching our mm; : if there are other threads in the same state then the oom killer won't do : anything unless one of them happens to be killed from userspace. : : So instead of only deferring for PF_EXITING and !task->robust_list, it's : better to just give them access to memory reserves to prevent a potential : livelock so that any other faults that may be introduced in the future in : the exit path don't cause the same problem (and hopefully we don't allow : too many of those!). Signed-off-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Tested-by:
Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jeff Liu authored
mem_cgroup_charge_common() is invoked as the entry point for cgroup limits charge rather than mem_cgroup_charge(), as the later has been removed for years. Update the cgroup/memory.txt to reflect this change. Signed-off-by:
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Will Deacon authored
On x86 memory accesses to pages without the ACCESSED flag set result in the ACCESSED flag being set automatically. With the ARM architecture a page access fault is raised instead (and it will continue to be raised until the ACCESSED flag is set for the appropriate PTE/PMD). For normal memory pages, handle_pte_fault will call pte_mkyoung (effectively setting the ACCESSED flag). For transparent huge pages, pmd_mkyoung will only be called for a write fault. This patch ensures that faults on transparent hugepages which do not result in a CoW update the access flags for the faulting pmd. Signed-off-by:
Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Acked-by:
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Joonsoo Kim authored
In flush_all_zero_pkmaps(), we have an index of the pkmap associated with the page. Using this index, we can simply get virtual address of the page. So change it. Signed-off-by:
Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by:
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Joonsoo Kim authored
We can find free page_address_map instance without the page_address_pool. So remove it. Signed-off-by:
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Joonsoo Kim authored
The pool_lock protects the page_address_pool from concurrent access. But, access to the page_address_pool is already protected by kmap_lock. So remove it. Signed-off-by:
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Joonsoo Kim authored
To calculate an index of pkmap, using PKMAP_NR() is more understandable and maintainable, so change it. Signed-off-by:
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Cesar Eduardo Barros authored
The call to frontswap_init() was added within enable_swap_info(), which was called not only during sys_swapon, but also to reinsert the swap_info into the swap_list in case of failure of try_to_unuse() within sys_swapoff. This means that frontswap_init() might be called more than once for the same swap area. While as far as I could see no frontswap implementation has any problem with it (and in fact, all the ones I found ignore the parameter passed to frontswap_init), this could change in the future. To prevent future problems, move the call to frontswap_init() to outside the code shared between sys_swapon and sys_swapoff. Signed-off-by:
Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Acked-by:
Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Cesar Eduardo Barros authored
The block within sys_swapoff() which re-inserts the swap_info into the swap_list in case of failure of try_to_unuse() reads a few values outside the swap_lock. While this is safe at that point, it is subtle code. Simplify the code by moving the reading of these values to a separate function, refactoring it a bit so they are read from within the swap_lock. This is easier to understand, and matches better the way it worked before I unified the insertion of the swap_info from both sys_swapon and sys_swapoff. This change should make no functional difference. The only real change is moving the read of two or three structure fields to within the lock (frontswap_map_get() is nothing more than a read of p->frontswap_map). Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
If we have more inactive file pages than active file pages, we skip scanning the active file pages altogether, with the idea that we do not want to evict the working set when there is plenty of streaming IO in the cache. However, the code forgot to also skip scanning anonymous pages in that situation. That leads to the curious situation of keeping the active file pages protected from being paged out when there are lots of inactive file pages, while still scanning and evicting anonymous pages. This patch fixes that situation, by only evicting file pages when we have plenty of them and most are inactive. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: adjust comment layout] Signed-off-by:
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Jan Kara authored
Add comments that dirty bit in storage key gets set whenever page content is changed. Hopefully if someone will use this function, he'll have a look at one of the two places where we comment on this. Signed-off-by:
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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