Bug#21483 "Server abort or deadlock on INSERT DELAYED with another
implicit insert"
Also fixes and adds test cases for bugs:
20497 "Trigger with INSERT DELAYED causes Error 1165"
21714 "Wrong NEW.value and server abort on INSERT DELAYED to a
table with a trigger".
Post-review fixes.

Problem:
In MySQL INSERT DELAYED is a way to pipe all inserts into a
given table through a dedicated thread. This is necessary for
simplistic storage engines like MyISAM, which do not have internal
concurrency control or threading and thus can not
achieve efficient INSERT throughput without support from SQL layer.
DELAYED INSERT works as follows:
For every distinct table, which can accept DELAYED inserts and has
pending data to insert, a dedicated thread is created to write data
to disk. All user connection threads that attempt to
delayed-insert into this table interact with the dedicated thread in
producer/consumer fashion: all records to-be inserted are pushed
into a queue of the dedicated thread, which fetches the records and 
writes them.
In this design, client connection threads never open or lock
the delayed insert table.
This functionality was introduced in version 3.23 and does not take 
into account existence of triggers, views, or pre-locking.
E.g. if INSERT DELAYED is called from a stored function, which,
in turn, is called from another stored function that uses the delayed
table, a deadlock can occur, because delayed locking by-passes
pre-locking. Besides:
 * the delayed thread works directly with the subject table through
   the storage engine API and does not invoke triggers
 * even if it was patched to invoke triggers, if triggers,
   in turn, used other tables, the delayed thread would
   have to open and lock involved tables (use pre-locking).
 * even if it was patched to use pre-locking, without deadlock
   detection the delayed thread could easily lock out user 
   connection threads in case when the same table is used both
   in a trigger and on the right side of the insert query: 
   the delayed thread would not release locks until all inserts 
   are complete, and user connection can not complete inserts 
   without having locks on the tables used on the right side of the
   query.

Solution:

These considerations suggest two general alternatives for the
future of INSERT DELAYED:
 * it is considered a full-fledged alternative to normal INSERT
 * it is regarded as an optimisation that is only relevant 
   for simplistic engines.
Since we missed our chance to provide complete support of new
features when 5.0 was in development, the first alternative
currently renders infeasible.
However, even the second alternative, which is to detect
new features and convert DELAYED insert into a normal insert, 
is not easy to implement.
The catch-22 is that we don't know if the subject table has triggers
or is a view before we open it, and we only open it in the
delayed thread. We don't know if the query involves pre-locking
until we have opened all tables, and we always first create
the delayed thread, and only then open the remaining tables.
This patch detects the problematic scenarios and converts
DELAYED INSERT to a normal INSERT using the following approach:
 * if the statement is executed under pre-locking (e.g. from
   within a stored function or trigger) or the right
   side may require pre-locking, we detect the situation
   before creating a delayed insert thread and convert the statement
   to a conventional INSERT.
  * if the subject table is a view or has triggers, we shutdown
   the delayed thread and convert the statement to a conventional
   INSERT.


mysql-test/r/insert.result:
  Update test results.
mysql-test/t/insert.test:
  Add a test case for Bug#21483, Bug#20497, Bug#21714 (INSERT DELAYED
  and stored routines, triggers).
sql/sp_head.cc:
  Upgrade lock type to TL_WRITE when computing the pre-locking set.
sql/sql_base.cc:
  Use a new method.
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  INSERT DELAYED and pre-locking:
  - if  under pre-locking, upgrade the lock type to TL_WRITE
  and proceed as a normal write
  - if DELAYED table has triggers, also request a lock upgrade.
  - make sure errors in the delayed thread are propagated
  correctly
sql/sql_lex.h:
  Add a method to check if a parsed tree refers to stored
  routines.