To correctly decide which predicates can be evaluated with a given table
the optimizer must know the exact set of tables that a predicate depends 
on. If that mask is too wide (refer to non-existing tables) the optimizer
can erroneously skip a predicate.
One such case of wrong table usage mask were the aggregate functions.
The have a all-1 mask (meaning depend on all tables, including non-existent
ones).
Fixed by making a real used_tables mask for the aggregates. The mask is
constructed in the following way :
1. OR the table dependency masks of all the arguments of the aggregate.
2. If all the arguments of the function are from the local name resolution 
  context and it is evaluated in the same name resolution
  context where it is referenced all the tables from that name resolution 
  context are OR-ed to the dependency mask. This is to denote that an
  aggregate function depends on the number of rows it processes.
3. Handle correctly the case of an aggregate function optimization (such that
  the aggregate function can be pre-calculated and made a constant).

Made sure that an aggregate function is never a constant (unless subject of a 
specific optimization and pre-calculation).  

One other flaw was revealed and fixed in the process : references were 
not calling the recalculation method for used_tables of their targets.


mysql-test/r/subselect3.result:
  Bug #24484: test case
mysql-test/t/subselect3.test:
  Bug #24484: test case
sql/item.h:
  Bug #24484: Item_ref must update the used tables.
sql/item_sum.cc:
  Bug #24484: correct calculation of used_tables for aggregates.
sql/item_sum.h:
  Bug #24484: correct calculation of used_tables for aggregates.
sql/opt_range.cc:
  Bug #24484: fixed ref resolution in loose index scan
sql/sql_base.cc:
  Bug #24484: moved counting of leaf tables inside 
  setup_tables_and_check_access.
sql/sql_class.h:
  Bug #24484: changed table count to more narrow type.
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  Bug #24484: moved counting of leaf tables inside 
  setup_tables_and_check_access. Substract the first
  table (and its subtables) of an INSERT statement
  from leaf_count.
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Bug #24484: correct check for aggregates