stack trace updates:

limited support on Alpha - in general case, even with frame pointer,
stack trace on alpha is impossible without looking at the symbol table
frame pointer does get saved on the stack, but you have no idea where
and where the return address is saved. So the best we can do without
the symbol table is look for magic opcodes and try to guess how big 
each frame is and where the return address was hidden from the 
instruction parameters. In practice, we can usually go up 3-4 frames 
before we hit some nasty frame that the current code cannot figure
out. This is actually not too bad, especially when we already have the query

Also cleaned up messages, print more variables, tell the user of
how much memory mysqld could potentially use, and warn of
what can happen with default STACK_SIZE and a lot of connections if
coredump happens when there are more than 200 connections. 

sql/mysqld.cc

@@ -1111,9 +1111,12 @@ static void start_signal_handler(void)
 #ifdef HAVE_LINUXTHREADS
 static sig_handler write_core(int sig);
 
-#ifdef __i386__
-#define SIGRETURN_FRAME_COUNT  1
-#define PTR_SANE(p) ((char*)p >= heap_start && (char*)p <= heap_end)
+#if defined (__i386__) || defined(__alpha__)
+#define LINUX_STACK_TRACE
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LINUX_STACK_TRACE
+#define PTR_SANE(p) ((p) && (char*)(p) >= heap_start && (char*)(p) <= heap_end)
 
 extern char* __bss_start;
 static char* heap_start, *heap_end;
@@ -1133,32 +1136,90 @@ inline __volatile__ void print_str(const char* name,
     fputc(*val++, stderr);
   fputc('\n', stderr);
 }
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef LINUX_STACK_TRACE
+#define SIGRETURN_FRAME_COUNT  1
+
+#ifdef __alpha__
+// The only way to backtrace without a symbol table on alpha
+// to find stq fp,N(sp), and the first byte
+// of the instruction opcode will give us the value of N. From this
+// we can find where the old value of fp is stored
+
+#define MAX_INSTR_IN_FUNC  10000
+
+inline uchar** find_prev_fp(uint32* pc, uchar** fp)
+{
+  int i;
+  for(i = 0; i < MAX_INSTR_IN_FUNC; ++i,--pc)
+    {
+      uchar* p = (uchar*)pc;
+      if(p[2] == 222 &&  p[3] == 35)
+	{
+	  return (uchar**)((uchar*)fp - *(short int*)p);
+	}
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+inline uint32* find_prev_pc(uint32* pc, uchar** fp)
+{
+  int i;
+  for(i = 0; i < MAX_INSTR_IN_FUNC; ++i,--pc)
+    {
+      char* p = (char*)pc;
+      if(p[1] == 0 && p[2] == 94 &&  p[3] == -73)
+	{
+	  uint32* prev_pc = (uint32*)*((fp+p[0]/sizeof(fp)));
+	  return prev_pc;
+	}
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
 
 inline __volatile__ void  trace_stack()
 {
   uchar **stack_bottom;
-  uchar** ebp;
-  LINT_INIT(ebp);
+  uchar** fp;
+  LINT_INIT(fp);
   LINT_INIT(stack_bottom);
 
   fprintf(stderr,
 "Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out\n\
-where mysqld died.  If you see no messages after this, something went\n\
+where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went\n\
 terribly wrong...\n");
   THD* thd = current_thd;
   uint frame_count = 0;
+#ifdef __i386__  
   __asm __volatile__ ("movl %%ebp,%0"
-		      :"=r"(ebp)
-		      :"r"(ebp));
-  if (!ebp)
+		      :"=r"(fp)
+		      :"r"(fp));
+  if (!fp)
   {
     fprintf(stderr, "frame pointer (ebp) is NULL, did you compile with\n\
 -fomit-frame-pointer? Aborting backtrace!\n");
     return;
   }
+#endif
+#ifdef __alpha__  
+  __asm __volatile__ ("mov $15,%0"
+		      :"=r"(fp)
+		      :"r"(fp));
+  if (!fp)
+  {
+    fprintf(stderr, "frame pointer (fp) is NULL, did you compile with\n\
+-fomit-frame-pointer? Aborting backtrace!\n");
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  
   if (!thd)
   {
-    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot determine thread, ebp=%p, backtrace may not be correct.\n", ebp);
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot determine thread, fp=%p, backtrace may not be correct.\n", fp);
     /* Assume that the stack starts at the previous even 65K */
     ulong tmp= min(0x10000,thread_stack);
     stack_bottom= (uchar**) (((ulong) &stack_bottom + tmp) &
@@ -1166,33 +1227,77 @@ terribly wrong...\n");
   }
   else
     stack_bottom = (uchar**) thd->thread_stack;
-  if (ebp > stack_bottom || ebp < stack_bottom - thread_stack)
+  if (fp > stack_bottom || fp < stack_bottom - thread_stack)
   {
-    fprintf(stderr,
-	    "Bogus stack limit or frame pointer, aborting backtrace.\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "Bogus stack limit or frame pointer,\
+ fp=%p, stack_bottom=%p, thread_stack=%ld, aborting backtrace.\n",
+	    fp, stack_bottom, thread_stack);
     return;
   }
 
   fprintf(stderr, "Stack range sanity check OK, backtrace follows:\n");
+#ifdef __alpha__
+  fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Alpha stacks are difficult -\
+ will be taking some wild guesses, stack trace may be incorrect or \
+ terminate abruptly\n");
+  // On Alpha, we need to get pc
+  uint32* pc;
+  __asm __volatile__ ("bsr %0, do_next; do_next: "
+		      :"=r"(pc)
+		      :"r"(pc));
+#endif  
   
-  while (ebp < stack_bottom)
+  while (fp < stack_bottom)
   {
-    uchar** new_ebp = (uchar**)*ebp;
+#ifdef __i386__    
+    uchar** new_fp = (uchar**)*fp;
     fprintf(stderr, "%p\n", frame_count == SIGRETURN_FRAME_COUNT ?
-	    *(ebp+17) : *(ebp+1));
-    if (new_ebp <= ebp )
+	    *(fp+17) : *(fp+1));
+#endif
+#ifdef __alpha__
+    uchar** new_fp = find_prev_fp(pc, fp);
+    if(frame_count == SIGRETURN_FRAME_COUNT - 1)
+      {
+        new_fp += 90;
+      }
+    
+    if(fp && pc)
+      {
+        pc = find_prev_pc(pc, fp);
+	if(pc)
+          fprintf(stderr, "%p\n", pc);
+	else
+	  {
+	    fprintf(stderr, "Not smart enough to deal with the rest\
+ of this stack\n");
+             goto print_glob_vars;
+	  }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Not smart enough to deal with the rest of \
+ this stack\n");
+        goto print_glob_vars;
+      }
+#endif    
+    if (new_fp <= fp )
     {
-      fprintf(stderr, "\
-New value of ebp failed sanity check, terminating backtrace!\n");
-      return;
+      fprintf(stderr, "New value of fp=%p failed sanity check,\
+ terminating stack trace!\n", new_fp);
+      goto print_glob_vars;
     }
-    ebp = new_ebp;
+    fp = new_fp;
     ++frame_count;
   }
 
-  fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace successful, trying to get some variables.\n\
+  fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace seems successful - bottom reached\n");
+    
+ print_glob_vars:
+  fprintf(stderr, "Please read http://www.mysql.com/doc/U/s/Using_stack_trace.html and follow instructions on how to resolve the stack trace. Resolved\n\
+stack trace is much more helpful in diagnosing the problem, so please do \n\
+resolve it\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "Trying to get some variables.\n\
 Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort...\n");
-  heap_start = __bss_start; 
   heap_end = (char*)sbrk(0);
   print_str("thd->query", thd->query, 1024);
   fprintf(stderr, "thd->thread_id = %ld\n", thd->thread_id);
@@ -1206,6 +1311,10 @@ test case for the crash, and send it to bugs@lists.mysql.com\n");
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LINUXTHREADS
+#define UNSAFE_DEFAULT_LINUX_THREADS 200
+#endif
+
 static sig_handler handle_segfault(int sig)
 {
   // strictly speaking, one needs a mutex here
@@ -1213,18 +1322,49 @@ static sig_handler handle_segfault(int sig)
   // so not having the mutex is not as bad as possibly using a buggy
   // mutex - so we keep things simple
   if (segfaulted)
-    return;
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Fatal signal %d while backtracing\n", sig);
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  
   segfaulted = 1;
   fprintf(stderr,"\
 mysqld got signal %d;\n\
-The manual section 'Debugging a MySQL server' tells you how to use a\n\
-stack trace and/or the core file to produce a readable backtrace that may\n\
-help in finding out why mysqld died.\n",sig);
+This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that \n\
+this binary or one of the libraries it was linked agaist is \n\
+corrupt, improperly built, or misconfigured. This error can also be\n\
+caused by malfunctioning hardware.", sig);
+  fprintf(stderr, "We will try our best to scrape up some info\n\
+that will hopefully help diagnose the problem, but since we have already\n\
+crashed, something is definitely wrong and this may fail\n");
+  fprintf(stderr, "key_buffer_size=%ld\n", keybuff_size);
+  fprintf(stderr, "record_buffer=%ld\n", my_default_record_cache_size);
+  fprintf(stderr, "sort_buffer=%ld\n", sortbuff_size);
+  fprintf(stderr, "max_used_connections=%ld\n", max_used_connections);
+  fprintf(stderr, "max_connections=%ld\n", max_connections);
+  fprintf(stderr, "threads_connected=%d\n", thread_count);
+  fprintf(stderr, "It is possible that mysqld could use up to \n\
+key_buffer_size + (record_buffer + sort_buffer)*max_connections = %ld K\n\
+bytes of memory\n", (keybuff_size + (my_default_record_cache_size +
+			     sortbuff_size) * max_connections)/ 1024);
+  fprintf(stderr, "Hope that's ok, if not, decrease some variables in the\n\
+equation\n");
+  
 #if defined(HAVE_LINUXTHREADS)
-#ifdef __i386__
+
+  if(sizeof(char*) == 4 && thread_count > UNSAFE_DEFAULT_LINUX_THREADS)
+    {
+      fprintf(stderr, "You seem to be running 32-bit Linux and\n\
+ have %d concurrent connections. If you have not\n\
+changed STACK_SIZE in LinuxThreads and build the binary yourself,\n\
+LinuxThreads is quite likely to steal a part of global heap for a \n\
+thread stack. Please read http://www.mysql.com/doc/L/i/Linux.html\n",
+	      thread_count);
+    }
+#ifdef LINUX_STACK_TRACE
   trace_stack();
   fflush(stderr);
-#endif /* __i386__ */
+#endif /* LINUX_STACK_TRACE */
  if (test_flags & TEST_CORE_ON_SIGNAL)
    write_core(sig);
 #endif /* HAVE_LINUXTHREADS */
@@ -1253,6 +1393,11 @@ static void init_signals(void)
   struct sigaction sa; sa.sa_flags = 0;
   sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
   sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK,&sa.sa_mask,NULL);
+
+#ifdef LINUX_STACK_TRACE
+  heap_start = (char*)&__bss_start;
+#endif
+  
   if (!(test_flags & TEST_NO_STACKTRACE))
   {
     sa.sa_handler=handle_segfault;