Fixed an improper type conversion on return that can make the server accept
logins with a wrong password.

Bug#13639204 64111: CRASH ON SELECT SUBQUERY WITH NON UNIQUE INDEX
The crash happened due to wrong calculation
of key length during creation of reference for
sort order index. The problem is that
keyuse->used_tables can have OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT enabled
but used_tables parameter(create_ref_for_key() func) does
not have it. So key parts which have OUTER_REF_TABLE_BIT
are ommited and it could lead to incorrect key length
calculation(zero key length).

solve a conflict in ".bzr-mysql/default.conf".

The test case must insert all the records using a single transaction. Otherwise the test 
case takes more than 15 minutes and will time out in pb2 and mtr.  

FROM BUFFER POOL

rb://975
approved by: Marko Makela

There is a race in lock_validate() where we try to access a page
without ensuring that the tablespace stays valid during the operation
i.e.: it is not deleted. This patch tries to fix that by using an
existing flag (the flag is renamed to make it's name more generic
in line with it's new use).

rb://976
approved by: Marko Makela

Add an assertion to ensure that string overflow is not happening.
Pointed by Coverity analysis.

IN OS_THREAD_EQ

rb://977
approved by: Marko Makela

rw_lock::writer_thread field contains the thread id of current x-holder
or wait-x thread. This field is un-initialized at lock creation and is
written to for the first time when an attempt is made to x-lock.

Current code considers ::writer_thread as valid memory region only when
the lock is held in x-mode (or there is an x-waiter). This is an
overkill and it generates valgrind warnings.

The fix is to consider ::writer_thread as valid memory region once it
has been written to.

Reasoning:
==========
The ::writer_thread can be safely considered valid because:

* We only ever do comparison with current calling threads id.
* We only ever do comparison when ::recursive flag is set
* We always unset ::recursive flag in x-unlock
* Same thread cannot be unlocking and attempting to lock at the same
time
* thread_id recycling is not an issue because before an id is recycled
the thread must leave innodb meaning it must release all locks meaning
it must unset ::recursive flag.

Adding missing sync_slave_with_master to the test case.

Hardening the test case:
  - including a diff_tables at the end.
  - increasing the tolerance on the relay limit size.

Automerge with mysql-5.1.

BUG#64503: mysql frequently ignores --relay-log-space-limit

When the SQL thread goes to sleep, waiting for more events, it sets
the flag ignore_log_space_limit to true. This gives the IO thread a
chance to queue some more events and ultimately the SQL thread will be
able to purge the log once it is rotated. By then the SQL thread
resets the ignore_log_space_limit to false. However, between the time
the SQL thread has set the ignore flag and the time it resets it, the
IO thread will be queuing events in the relay log, possibly going way
over the limit.

This patch makes the IO and SQL thread to synchronize when they reach
the space limit and only ask for one event at a time. Thus the SQL
thread sets ignore_log_space_limit flag and the IO thread resets it to
false everytime it processes one more event. In addition, everytime
the SQL thread processes the next event, and the limit has been
reached, it checks if the IO thread should rotate. If it should, it
instructs the IO thread to rotate, giving the SQL thread a chance to
purge the logs (freeing space). Finally, this patch removes the
resetting of the ignore_log_space_limit flag from purge_first_log,
because this is now reset by the IO thread every time it processes the
next event when the limit has been reached.

If the SQL thread is in a transaction, it cannot purge so, there is no
point in asking the IO thread to rotate. The only thing it can do is
to ask for more events until the transaction is over (then it can ask
the IO to rotate and purge the log right away). Otherwise, there would
be a deadlock (SQL would not be able to purge and IO thread would not
be able to queue events so that the SQL would finish the transaction).

Problem: Grouping results by VALUES(alias for string literal) causes
the server to crash.

Item_insert_values is not constructed to handle other types of
arguments than field and reference to field. In this case, the
argument is an Item_string, and this causes
Item_insert_values::fix_fields() to crash.

Fix: Issue an error message when the argument to Item_insert_values is
not a field or a reference to a field.

This is slightly in breach with documentation, which states that
VALUES should return NULL, but the error message is only issued in
cases where the server otherwise would crash, so there is no change in
behavior for queries that already work. Future versions will restrict
syntax so that using VALUES in this way is illegal.

crash in foreign key handling on subsequent create table if
not exists".

Do not leave current database unassigned after the end of
the test case.

truncating, inserting the same set of rows. When a table is 
re-created with the same set of rows, the data file size must
not grow.  

rb:968
Approved by Marko. 

This bug has been there at least since MySQL 4.0.9. (Before 4.0.9, the
code probably was even more severely broken.)

btr_pcur_restore_position(): When cursor restoration fails, before
invoking btr_pcur_store_position() move to the previous or next record
unless cursor->rel_pos==BTR_PCUR_ON or the record was not a user
record.

This bug can cause skipped records when btr_pcur_store_position() is
called on the last record of a page. A symptom would be record count
mismatch in CHECK TABLE, or failure to find a record to delete-mark or
update or purge. The following operations should be affected by the
bug:

* row_search_for_mysql(): SELECT, UPDATE, REPLACE, CHECK TABLE,
  (almost anything else than INSERT)

* foreign key CASCADE operations

* row_merge_read_clustered_index(): index creation (since MySQL 5.1
  InnoDB Plugin)

* multi-threaded purge (after MySQL 5.5): not sure, but it might fail
  to purge some records

Not all callers of btr_pcur_restore_position() should be affected.
Anything that asserts or checks that restoration succeeds is
unaffected. For example, cursor restoration on the change buffer tree
should always succeed, because access is being protected by additional
latches. Likewise, rollback, or any code accesses data dictionary
tables while holding dict_sys->mutex should be safe.

rb:967 approved by Jimmy Yang

Post-push fixes.

GEOMETRY FUNCTION ARGUMENTS

Fixed --ps-protocol gis test failure.

A defect in the subquery substitution code may lead to a server crash:
setting substitution's name should be followed by setting its length
(to keep them in sync).

Problem:      
lack of incoming geometry data validation may 
lead to a server crash when ISCLOSED() function called.

Solution:
necessary incoming data check added.

to pick up some new security fixes that are in it.

Patch provided by Georgi Kodinov.

Taking care of it.  

      
There are two threads.  In one thread, dml operation is going on 
involving cascaded update operation.  In another thread, alter 
table add foreign key constraint is happening.  Under these 
circumstances, it is possible for the dml thread to access a 
dict_foreign_t object that has been freed by the ddl thread.  
The debug sync test case provides the sequence of operations.  
Without fix, the test case will crash the server (because of 
newly added assert).  With fix, the alter table stmt will return 
an error message.  
      
Backporting the fix from MySQL 5.5 to 5.1

rb:961
rb:947

Analysis:
========================
sql_mode "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES": When user want to use backslash as character input,
instead of escape character in a string literal then sql_mode can be set to 
"NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES". With this mode enabled, backslash becomes an ordinary 
character like any other. 

SQL_MODE set applies to the current client session. And while creating the stored 
procedure, MySQL stores the current sql_mode and always executes the stored 
procedure in sql_mode stored with the Procedure, regardless of the server SQL 
mode in effect when the routine is invoked.  

In the scenario (for which bug is reported), the routine is created with 
sql_mode=NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES. And routine is executed with the invoker sql_mode
is "" (NOT SET) by executing statement "call testp('Axel\'s')".
Since invoker sql_mode is "" (NOT_SET), the '\' in 'Axel\'s'(argument to function)
is considered as escape character and column "a" (of table "t1") values are 
updated with "Axel's". The binary log generated for above update operation is as below,

  set sql_mode=XXXXXX (for no_backslash_escapes)
  update test.t1 set a= NAME_CONST('var',_latin1'Axel\'s' COLLATE 'latin1_swedish_ci');

While logging stored procedure statements, the local variables (params) used in
statements are replaced with the NAME_CONST(var_name, var_value) (Internal function) 
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_name-const)

On slave, these logs are applied. NAME_CONST is parsed to get the variable and its
value. Since, stored procedure is created with sql_mode="NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES", the sql_mode
is also logged in. So that at slave this sql_mode is set before executing the statements
of routine.  So at slave, sql_mode is set to "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES" and then while
parsing NAME_CONST of string variable, '\' is considered as NON ESCAPE character
and parsing reported error for "'" (as we have only one "'" no backslash). 

At slave, parsing was proper with sql_mode "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES".
But above error reported while writing bin log, "'" (of Axel's) is escaped with
"\" character. Actually, all special characters (n, r, ', ", \, 0...) are escaped
while writing NAME_CONST for string variable(param, local variable) in bin log 
irrespective of "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES" sql_mode. So, basically, the problem is 
that logging string parameter does not take into account sql_mode value.

Fix:
========================
So when sql_mode is set to "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES", escaping  characters as 
(n, r, ', ", \, 0...) should be avoided. To do so, added a check to not to
escape such characters while writing NAME_CONST for string variables in bin 
log. 
And when sql_mode is set to NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES, quote character "'" is
represented as ''.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/string-literals.html (There are several 
ways to include quote characters within a string: )

Analysis:
========================
sql_mode "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES": When user want to use backslash as character input,
instead of escape character in a string literal then sql_mode can be set to 
"NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES". With this mode enabled, backslash becomes an ordinary 
character like any other. 

SQL_MODE set applies to the current client session. And while creating the stored 
procedure, MySQL stores the current sql_mode and always executes the stored 
procedure in sql_mode stored with the Procedure, regardless of the server SQL 
mode in effect when the routine is invoked.  

In the scenario (for which bug is reported), the routine is created with 
sql_mode=NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES. And routine is executed with the invoker sql_mode
is "" (NOT SET) by executing statement "call testp('Axel\'s')".
Since invoker sql_mode is "" (NOT_SET), the '\' in 'Axel\'s'(argument to function)
is considered as escape character and column "a" (of table "t1") values are 
updated with "Axel's". The binary log generated for above update operation is as below,

  set sql_mode=XXXXXX (for no_backslash_escapes)
  update test.t1 set a= NAME_CONST('var',_latin1'Axel\'s' COLLATE 'latin1_swedish_ci');

While logging stored procedure statements, the local variables (params) used in
statements are replaced with the NAME_CONST(var_name, var_value) (Internal function) 
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/miscellaneous-functions.html#function_name-const)

On slave, these logs are applied. NAME_CONST is parsed to get the variable and its
value. Since, stored procedure is created with sql_mode="NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES", the sql_mode
is also logged in. So that at slave this sql_mode is set before executing the statements
of routine.  So at slave, sql_mode is set to "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES" and then while
parsing NAME_CONST of string variable, '\' is considered as NON ESCAPE character
and parsing reported error for "'" (as we have only one "'" no backslash). 

At slave, parsing was proper with sql_mode "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES".
But above error reported while writing bin log, "'" (of Axel's) is escaped with
"\" character. Actually, all special characters (n, r, ', ", \, 0...) are escaped
while writing NAME_CONST for string variable(param, local variable) in bin log 
Airrespective of "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES" sql_mode. So, basically, the problem is 
that logging string parameter does not take into account sql_mode value.

Fix:
========================
So when sql_mode is set to "NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES", escaping  characters as 
(n, r, ', ", \, 0...) should be avoided. To do so, added a check to not to
escape such characters while writing NAME_CONST for string variables in bin 
log. 
And when sql_mode is set to NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES, quote character "'" is
represented as ''.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/string-literals.html (There are several 
ways to include quote characters within a string: )

row_drop_table_for_mysql(): Really flag the indexes unavailable before
starting to drop the table.

also filed as Bug#13146269, Bug#13713178

btr_get_size(): Add mtr_t parameter. Require that the caller S-latches
index->lock. If index->page==FIL_NULL or the index is to be dropped,
return ULINT_UNDEFINED to indicate that the statistics are
unavailable.

dict_update_statistics(): If btr_get_size() returns ULINT_UNDEFINED,
fake the index cardinality statistics.

dict_index_set_page(): Unused function, remove.

row_drop_table_for_mysql(): Before starting to drop the table, mark
the indexes unavailable in the data dictionary cache while holding
index->lock X-latch.

ha_innobase::prepare_drop_index(), ha_innobase::final_drop_index():
When setting index->to_be_dropped, acquire the index->lock X-latch.

rb:960 approved by Jimmy Yang