Implemented a way to circumvent the always true comparison by
having nested macros (as suggested on review).

Fixed the 5.0-bugteam MacOSX warnings.

client/mysqldump.c:
  Bug #45286: typecasts
cmd-line-utils/readline/bind.c:
  Bug #45286: use variable of right type
cmd-line-utils/readline/display.c:
  Bug #45286: use variable of right type
dbug/user.r:
  Bug #45286: no warnings in generating man pages
strings/ctype.c:
  Bug #45286: typecasts

When copying the Item class one must copy its attributes as well.

mysql-test/r/innodb_mysql.result:
  Bug #36995: test case
mysql-test/t/innodb_mysql.test:
  Bug #36995: test case
sql/item.cc:
  Bug #36995: copy attributes in the copy constructor

The crash happens because of uninitialized
lex->ssl_cipher, lex->x509_subject, lex->x509_issuer variables.
The fix is to add initialization of these variables for
stored procedures&functions.


mysql-test/r/sp_notembedded.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/sp_notembedded.test:
  test case
sql/sql_acl.cc:
  The crash happens because of uninitialized
  lex->ssl_cipher, lex->x509_subject, lex->x509_issuer variables.
  The fix is to add initialization of these variables for
  stored procedures&functions.

The crash happens due to wrong max_length value which is set on
Item_func_round::fix_length_and_dec() stage. The value is set to
args[0]->max_length which is too big in case of LONGTEXT(LONGBLOB) fields.
The fix is to set max_length using float_length() function.



mysql-test/r/func_math.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/func_math.test:
  test case
sql/item_func.cc:
  The crash happens due to wrong max_length value which is set on
  Item_func_round::fix_length_and_dec() stage. The value is set to
  args[0]->max_length which is too big in case of LONGTEXT(LONGBLOB) fields.
  The fix is to set max_length using float_length() function.

BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK was subject to replication db rules, and
caused the boundary of a transaction not recognized correctly 
when these queries were ignored by the rules.

Fixed the problem by skipping replication db rules for these
statements.


sql/log_event.cc:
  Skip checking replication db rules for BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK statements

Bug#34309: '_PC' macro redefinition

For reasons that are now a mystery, we had defined a CPP symbol to
help ancient compilers work better (in some way that's lost to history).
This interferes with at least one modern compiler.

Now, don't define the _PC symbol.  Those other underscore-leading
symbols are suspect also, but at least the names aren't inscrutable.
Let's leave them for now.

The fix is to use case insensitive collation
for mysql client command search.



client/mysql.cc:
  The fix is to use case insensitive collation
  for mysql client command search.
mysql-test/r/mysql.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/mysql.test:
  test case

On 64-bit Windows: querying MERGE table with keys may cause
server crash.The problem is generic and may affect any statement
accessing MERGE table cardinality values.
When MERGE engine was copying cardinality statistics, it was
using incorrect size of element in cardinality statistics array
(sizeof(ptr)==8 instead of sizeof(ulong)==4), causing access
of memory beyond of the allocated bounds.


sql/ha_myisam.cc:
  When copying rec_per_key array (an array of ulong) use proper
  size of element, that is sizeof(ulong).
sql/ha_myisammrg.cc:
  When copying rec_per_key array (an array of ulong) use proper
  size of element, that is sizeof(ulong).
sql/table.cc:
  When allocating rec_per_key array (an array of ulong) use proper
  size of element, that is sizeof(ulong).

            old_password() functions   
The PASSWORD() and OLD_PASSWORD() functions could lead to   
memory reads outside of an internal buffer when used with BLOB   
arguments.   
  
String::c_ptr() assumes there is at least one extra byte  
in the internally allocated buffer when adding the trailing  
'\0'.  This, however, may not be the case when a String object  
was initialized with externally allocated buffer.  
  
The bug was fixed by adding an additional "length" argument to  
make_scrambled_password_323() and make_scrambled_password() in  
order to avoid String::c_ptr() calls for  
PASSWORD()/OLD_PASSWORD().  
  
However, since the make_scrambled_password[_323] functions are  
a part of the client library ABI, the functions with the new  
interfaces were implemented with the 'my_' prefix in their  
names, with the old functions changed to be wrappers around  
the new ones to maintain interface compatibility.  

mysql-test/r/func_crypt.result:
  Added a test case for bug #44767.
mysql-test/t/func_crypt.test:
  Added a test case for bug #44767.
sql/item_strfunc.cc:
  Use the new my_make_scrambled_password*() to avoid 
  String::c_ptr().
sql/item_strfunc.h:
  Changed Item_func[_old]_password::alloc() interfaces so that
  we can use the new my_make_scrambled_password*() functions.
sql/mysql_priv.h:
  Added declarations for the new my_make_scrambled_password*() 
  functions.
sql/password.c:
  Added new my_make_scrambled_password*() functions with an
  additional "length" argument. Changed ones to be wrappers
  around the new ones to maintain interface compatibility.
sql/sql_yacc.yy:
  Utilize the new password hashing functions with additional length
  argument.

stop/start slave
      
When stopping and restarting the slave while it is replicating
temporary tables, the server would crash or raise an assertion
failure. This was due to the fact that although temporary tables are
saved between slave threads restart, the reference to the thread in
use (table->in_use) was not being properly updated when the restart
happened (it would still reference the old/invalid thread instead of
the new one).
      
This patch addresses this issue by resetting the reference to the new
slave thread on slave thread restart.

mysql-test/r/rpl_temporary.result:
  Result file.
mysql-test/t/rpl_temporary.test:
  Test case that checks that both failures go away.
sql/slave.cc:
  Changed slave.cc to reset sql_thd reference in temporary tables.

Created new .test file - mysqldump_restore that does test restore from mysqldump
output for a limited number of basic cases.
Create new .inc file - mysqldump.inc - renames original table and uses mysqldump
output to recreate the table, then uses diff_tables.inc to compare the two tables.
Backported include/diff_tables.inc to facilitate this testing.
New patch incorporating review feedback prior to push.

mysqldump.test - removed redundant call to include/have_log_bin.inc (was used twice in the test!)

Created new .test file - mysqldump_restore that does this for a limited number
of basic cases.
Created new .inc file - mysqldump.inc - renames original table and uses mysqldump
output to recreate the table, then uses diff_tables.inc to compare the two tables.
Backported include/diff_tables.inc to facilitate this testing.

Since max_allowed_packet is a read-only variable in 5.1 and up,
disable warnings to avoid unnecessary test case complication.

Set max_allowed_packet to get a consistent error message.

             warnings after uncompressed_length 
 
UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH() did not validate its argument. In 
particular, if the argument length was less than 4 bytes, 
an uninitialized memory value was returned as a result. 
 
Since the result of COMPRESS() is either an empty string or 
a 4-byte length prefix followed by compressed data, the bug was 
fixed by ensuring that the argument of UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH() is 
either an empty string or contains at least 5 bytes (as done in 
UNCOMPRESS()). This is the best we can do to validate input 
without decompressing. 

mysql-test/r/func_compress.result:
  Added a test case for bug #44796.
mysql-test/t/func_compress.test:
  Added a test case for bug #44796.
sql/item_strfunc.cc:
  Make sure that the argument of UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH() contains 
  at least 5 bytes (as done in UNCOMPRESS()).

Internal InnoDN FK parser does not recognize '\'' as quotation symbol.
Suggested fix is to add '\'' symbol check for quotation condition
(dict_strip_comments() function).


innobase/dict/dict0dict.c:
  Internal InnoDN FK parser does not recognize '\'' as quotation symbol.
  Suggested fix is to add '\'' symbol check for quotation condition
  (dict_strip_comments() function).
mysql-test/r/innodb_mysql.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/innodb_mysql.test:
  test case

           with a "HAVING" clause though query works

SELECT from views defined like:

  CREATE VIEW v1 (view_column)
    AS SELECT c AS alias FROM t1 HAVING alias

fails with an error 1356:
  View '...' references invalid table(s) or column(s)
  or function(s) or definer/invoker of view lack rights
  to use them


CREATE VIEW form with a (column list) substitutes
SELECT column names/aliases with names from a
view column list.
However, alias references in HAVING clause was
not substituted.


The Item_ref::print function has been modified
to write correct aliased names of underlying
items into VIEW definition generation/.frm file.


mysql-test/r/view.result:
  Added test file for bug #40825.
mysql-test/t/view.test:
  Added test file for bug #40825.
sql/item.cc:
  Bug#40825: Error 1356 while selecting from a view
             with a "HAVING" clause though query works
  
  The Item_ref::print function has been modified
  to write correct aliased names of underlying
  items into VIEW definition generation/.frm file.

  It turns out that this test case no longer fails with the discrepancy
  in numbers that was the original cause for disabling this test (and showed
  potential genuine issues with the query cache). Therefore
  this test is being enabled after some minor adjustment of error codes and
  messages.

Details:
1. Add missing "disconnect <session>"
2. Take care that the disconnects are finished when the test terminates
3. Replace error names by error numbers
4. Minor beautifying of script code