Fix test whether process is alive in mysqltest.

Also fix SHUT_RD definition on Windows to be SD_RECEIVE.
SD_BOTH  was used instead prior to this patch, and this would
occasionally make mysql_shutdown()  fail - when the socket for the current connection
is not able send the COM_SHUTDOWN response anymore.

The check inserts a DWARF directive to tell stack unwinding that the
bottom of the (co-routine) stack has been reached. Without this, stack
traces may attempt to continue past the bottom of the stack.

The GCC version check was incorrect, and failed to trigger for GCC
version 5.[0123].

Use direct persistent index corruption set on InnoDB dictionary
for this test. Do not allow creating new indexes if one of the
existing indexes is already marked as corrupted.

This appears to break some installation, and it did not do anything
useful anyway.

Fixed memory leaks in gen_lex_hash.

take into account that agg_arg_charsets_for_comparison()
can replace Item_field's with Item_func_conv_charset

restore the error message that was removed by mistake in ec38c1bb

Backport a part of

commit 439f75f8
Author: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>
Date:   Mon Jun 30 13:59:21 2014 +0200

    Fix test failures in rpl.rpl_checksum and rpl.rpl_gtid_errorlog.

Fixed wait condition to wait for InnoDB to actually acquire row locks instead
of waiting for thread to enter "Searching rows for update" state (which happens
earlier).

Also use default wait timeout, 2 seconds can be too few for threads to enter
appropriate state.

results in ERROR 1046 (3D000) at line 13: No database selected.

Use database from create table to foreign key database if
nothing else is given.

Added proper waiting for thread to enter required state. Also reduced amount of
information dumped from processlist.

Integer comparison of INT expressions with different signess in BETWEEN
is not safe. Switching to DECIMAL comparison in case if INT arguments
have different signess.

Don't read from socket in yassl in SSL_pending().
Just return size of the buffered processed data.
This is what OpenSSL is documented to do too:

  SSL_pending() returns the number of bytes which have been processed,
  buffered and are available inside ssl for immediate read.

1. the same message text for INSERT and INSERT IGNORE
2. no new warnings in UPDATE IGNORE yet (big change for 5.5)

and replace a commonly used expression with a
named constant

don't call write_bin_log() when binlog is known
to be disable

tests it with a non-const table too

For some reason check_cxx_compiler_flag() passes result variable name down to
compiler:
https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/blob/master/Modules/CheckCXXSourceCompiles.cmake#L57

But compiler doesn't permit dashes in macro name, like in
-DHAVE_CXX_-fimplicit-templates.

Workarounded by renaming HAVE_CXX_-fimplicit-templates to
HAVE_CXX_IMPLICIT_TEMPLAES.

Debian packages create empty maria/t and maria/r directories,
and MTR cannot run maria.* tests

The patch for MDEV-9521 earlier fixed the problem reported in MDEV-9413.
Only adding tests.

MDEV-9662 Assertion `precision || !scale' failed in my_decimal_precision_to_length_no_truncation(uint, uint8, bool)

The patch for MDEV-9745 earlier fixed the problem reported in MDEV-9662 as well.
Only adding tests.

This is a backport of the patch for MDEV-9653 (fixed earlier in 10.1.13).

The code in Item_func_case::fix_length_and_dec() did not
calculate max_length and decimals properly.

In case of any numeric result (DECIMAL, REAL, INT) a generic method
Item_func_case::agg_num_lengths() was called, which could erroneously result
into a DECIMAL item with max_length==0 and decimals==0, so the constructor of
Field_new_decimals tried to create a field of DECIMAL(0,0) type,
which caused a crash.

Unlike Item_func_case, the code responsible for merging attributes in
Item_func_coalesce::fix_length_and_dec() works fine: it has specific execution
branches for all distinct numeric types and correctly creates a DECIMAL(1,0)
column instead of DECIMAL(0,0) for the same set of arguments.

The fix does the following:
- Moves the attribute merging code from Item_func_coalesce::fix_length_and_dec()
  to a new method Item_func_hybrid_result_type::fix_attributes()
- Removes the wrong code from Item_func_case::fix_length_and_dec()
  and reuses fix_attributes() in both Item_func_coalesce::fix_length_and_dec()
  and Item_func_case::fix_length_and_dec()
- Fixes count_real_length() and count_decimal_length() to get an array
  of Items as an argument, instead of using Item::args directly.
  This is needed for Item_func_case::fix_length_and_dec().
- Moves methods Item_func::count_xxx_length() from "public" to "protected".
- Removes Item_func_case::agg_num_length(), as it's not used any more.
- Additionally removes Item_func_case::agg_str_length(),
  as it also was not used (dead code).

SHOW PROCESSLIST output can be affected by not completed concurrent queries.
Removed this affected SHOW PROCESSLIST since it doesn't seem to affect original
problem.

On SET PASSWORD if the plugin is mysql_native_password
or mysql_old_password, do reset plugin and auth_str
fields.

add a workaround for gold

1. don't exit if setupterm() failed
2. don't use vidattr() if setupterm() failed