Details:
  - Limit the queries to character sets and collations
    which are most probably available in all build types.
    But try to preserve the intention of the tests.
  - Remove the variants adjusted to some build types.

  Note:
  1. The results of the review by Bar are included.
  2. I am not able to check the correctness of this patch
     on any existing build type and any MySQL version.
     So it could happen that the new test fails somewhere.

      
Failure to allocate memory for the hash->array element,
caused hash_init to return without initializing the other
members of the hash. Thus although the dynamic array
buffer may be allocated at a later point in the code, the
incompletely initialized hash caused fatal failures.

This patch moves the initialization of the other members
of the hash above the array allocation, so that the usage
of this hash will not result in fatal failures.

include/hash.h:
  Bug#43572 Handle failures from hash_init
  
  hash_inited is used to verify that the hash is
  valid. After the change induced by the current
  patch hash->array.buffer !=0 is not a valid check
  for this condition, since, the dynamic array can
  be allocated even at a later time. Bootstrap SQL
  script is setting some variables, which are
  actually not set due to this hash_inited issue.
  Thus we get empty grant tables.
  
  A better way to check if the hash is valid is
  to verify that hash->blength is greater than 0.
mysys/hash.c:
  Bug#43572 Handle failures from hash_init
  
  Move the initialization of the other members
  of the hash above the array allocation, so that
  the usage of this hash will not result in fatal
  failures.

      
Inconsistent behavior of session variable max_allowed_packet 
(and net_buffer_length); only assignment to the global variable 
has any effect, without this being obvious to the user.
      
The patch for Bug#22891 is backported to 5.0, making the two
session variables read-only. As this is a backport to GA 
software, the error used when trying to assign to the read-
only variable is ER_UNKNOWN_ERROR. The error message is the 
same as in 5.1+.

mysql-test/t/variables.test:
  Tests are changed to account for the new semantics, and assignment to the read-only variables is added to test 
  the emission of the correct error message.
sql/set_var.cc:
  Both max_allowed_packet and net_buffer_length are changed 
  to be of type sys_var_thd_ulong_session_readonly. ER_UNKNOWN_ERROR is used to indicate an attempt to assign 
  to an instance of a read-only variable.
sql/set_var.h:
  Class sys_var_thd_ulong_session_readonly is added.

with gcc 4.3.2
      
Compiling MySQL with gcc 4.3.2 and later produces a number of 
warnings, many of which are new with the recent compiler
versions.
                  
This bug will be resolved in more than one patch to limit the
size of changesets. This is the second patch, fixing more
of the warnings.

crashes server!

The problem affects the scenario when index merge is followed by a filesort
and the sort buffer is not big enough for all the sort keys.
In this case the filesort function will read the data to the end through the 
index merge quick access method (and thus closing the cursor etc), 
but will leave the pointer to the quick select method in place.
It will then create a temporary file to hold the results of the filesort and
will add it as a sort output file (in sort.io_cache).
Note that filesort will copy the original 'sort' structure in an automatic
variable and restore it after it's done.
As a result at exiting filesort() we have a sort.io_cache filled in and 
nothing else (as a result of close of the cursors at end of reading data 
through index merge).
Now create_sort_index() will note that there is a select and will clean it up
(as it's been used already by filesort() reading the data in). While doing that
a special case in the index merge destructor will clean up the sort.io_cache,
assuming it's an output of the index merge method and is not needed anymore.
As a result the code that tries to read the data back from the filesort output 
will get no data in both memory and disk and will crash.
      
Fixed similarly to how filesort() does it : by copying the sort.io_cache structure
to a local variable, removing the pointer to the io_cache (so that it's not freed 
by QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT::~QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT) and restoring the original 
structure (together with the valid pointer) after the cleanup is done.
This is a safe thing to do because all the structures are already cleaned up by
hitting the end of the index merge's read method (QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT::get_next()) 
and the cleanup code being written in a way that tolerates repeating cleanups.

mysql-test/r/index_merge.result:
  Bug #44810: test case
mysql-test/t/index_merge.test:
  Bug #44810: test case
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Bug #44810: preserve the io_cache produced by filesort while cleaning up
  the index merge quick access method (QUICK_INDEX_MERGE_SELECT).

WHERE and GROUP BY clause

Loose index scan may use range conditions on the argument of 
the MIN/MAX aggregate functions to find the beginning/end of 
the interval that satisfies the range conditions in a single go.
These range conditions may have open or closed minimum/maximum 
values. When the comparison returns 0 (equal) the code should 
check the type of the min/max values of the current interval 
and accept or reject the row based on whether the limit is 
open or not.
There was a wrong composite condition on checking this and it was
not working in all cases.
Fixed by simplifying the conditions and reversing the logic.

mysql-test/r/group_min_max.result:
  Bug #45386: test case
mysql-test/t/group_min_max.test:
  Bug #45386: test case
sql/opt_range.cc:
  Bug #45386: fix the check whether to use the value if on the
  interval boundry

While reading a binary log that is being used by a master or was not properly
closed, most likely due to a crash, the following warning message is being
printed out: "Warning: this binlog was not closed properly. Most probably mysqld
crashed writing it.". This was scaring our users as the message was not taking
into account the possibility of the file is being just used by the master.

To avoid unnecessarily scaring our users, we replace the original message by the
following one: Warning: "this binlog is either is use or was not closed properly.".

Backport to MySQL 5.0/1 fix by Vladislav Vaintroub:

In Vista and later and also in when using terminal services, when
server is started from  command line, client cannot connect to it
via shared memory protocol.

This is a regression introduced when  Bug#24731 was fixed.  The
reason is that client is trying to attach to shared memory using
global kernel object  namespace (all kernel objects are prefixed
with Global\). However, server started from the command line in
Vista and later will create shared memory and events using current
session namespace. Thus, client is unable to find the server and
connection fails.

The fix for the client is to first try to find server using "local"
names  (omitting Global\  prefix) and only if server is not found,
trying global namespace.

            memory issue ? 
 
The mysql command line client could misinterpret some character 
sequences as commands under some circumstances. 
 
The upper limit for internal readline buffer was raised to 1 GB 
(the same as for server's max_allowed_packet) so that any input 
line is processed by add_line() as a whole rather than in 
chunks.

client/mysql.cc:
  The upper limit for internal readline buffer was raised to 1 GB 
  (the same as for server's max_allowed_packet) so that any input 
  line is processed by add_line() as a whole rather than in 
  chunks.
mysql-test/r/mysql-bug45236.result:
  Added a test case for bug #45236.
mysql-test/t/mysql-bug45236.test:
  Added a test case for bug #45236.

with gcc 4.3.2
      
Compiling MySQL with gcc 4.3.2 and later produces a number of 
warnings, many of which are new with the recent compiler
versions.
      
This bug will be resolved in more than one patch to limit the
size of changesets. This is the first patch, fixing a number 
of the warnings, predominantly "suggest using parentheses 
around && in ||", and empty for and while bodies.

client/mysqltest.c:
  Don't mix declarations and code.
  Tid up function code.

Implemented a way to circumvent the always true comparison by
having nested macros (as suggested on review).

Fixed the 5.0-bugteam MacOSX warnings.

client/mysqldump.c:
  Bug #45286: typecasts
cmd-line-utils/readline/bind.c:
  Bug #45286: use variable of right type
cmd-line-utils/readline/display.c:
  Bug #45286: use variable of right type
dbug/user.r:
  Bug #45286: no warnings in generating man pages
strings/ctype.c:
  Bug #45286: typecasts

Holding on to the temporary inno hash index latch is an optimization in
many cases, but a pessimization in some others.

Release temporary latches for those corner cases we (or rather, or customers,
thanks!) have identified, that is, when we are about to do something that
might take a really long time, like REPAIR or filesort.

sql/ha_myisam.cc:
  Let go of (inno, for now) latch when doing MyISAM-repair.
  (optimize passes through repair.) ("Stuck" in "Repair with
  keycache".)
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  Let go of (inno, for now) latch when doing CREATE...SELECT
  in select_insert::send_data() -- it might take a while.
  ("stuck" in "Sending data")
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Release temporary (inno, for now) latch on
  - free_tmp_table() (this can take surprisingly long, "removing tmp table")
  - create_myisam_from_heap() (HEAP table overflowing onto disk as MyISAM,
    "converting HEAP to MyISAM")

When copying the Item class one must copy its attributes as well.

mysql-test/r/innodb_mysql.result:
  Bug #36995: test case
mysql-test/t/innodb_mysql.test:
  Bug #36995: test case
sql/item.cc:
  Bug #36995: copy attributes in the copy constructor

The crash happens because of uninitialized
lex->ssl_cipher, lex->x509_subject, lex->x509_issuer variables.
The fix is to add initialization of these variables for
stored procedures&functions.


mysql-test/r/sp_notembedded.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/sp_notembedded.test:
  test case
sql/sql_acl.cc:
  The crash happens because of uninitialized
  lex->ssl_cipher, lex->x509_subject, lex->x509_issuer variables.
  The fix is to add initialization of these variables for
  stored procedures&functions.

The crash happens due to wrong max_length value which is set on
Item_func_round::fix_length_and_dec() stage. The value is set to
args[0]->max_length which is too big in case of LONGTEXT(LONGBLOB) fields.
The fix is to set max_length using float_length() function.



mysql-test/r/func_math.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/func_math.test:
  test case
sql/item_func.cc:
  The crash happens due to wrong max_length value which is set on
  Item_func_round::fix_length_and_dec() stage. The value is set to
  args[0]->max_length which is too big in case of LONGTEXT(LONGBLOB) fields.
  The fix is to set max_length using float_length() function.

BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK was subject to replication db rules, and
caused the boundary of a transaction not recognized correctly 
when these queries were ignored by the rules.

Fixed the problem by skipping replication db rules for these
statements.


sql/log_event.cc:
  Skip checking replication db rules for BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK statements

Bug#34309: '_PC' macro redefinition

For reasons that are now a mystery, we had defined a CPP symbol to
help ancient compilers work better (in some way that's lost to history).
This interferes with at least one modern compiler.

Now, don't define the _PC symbol.  Those other underscore-leading
symbols are suspect also, but at least the names aren't inscrutable.
Let's leave them for now.