All these changes were useful to debug deadlocks in threaded tests:
- New verbose Semaphore.
- Logs with numerical 'ident' were too annoying to read so revert to thread
  name (before commit 5b69d553), with an
  exception for threaded tests. There remains one case where the result is not
  unique: when several client apps are instantiated.
- Make deadlock detection optional.
- Make it possible to name locks.
- Make output more compact.
- Remove useless 'debug_lock' option.
- Add timing information.
- Make exception more verbose when an un-acquired lock is released.

Here is how I used 'locking':

--- a/neo/tests/threaded/__init__.py
+++ b/neo/tests/threaded/__init__.py
@@ -37,0 +38 @@
+from neo.lib.locking import VerboseSemaphore
@@ -71 +72,2 @@ def init(cls):
-        cls._global_lock = threading.Semaphore(0)
+        cls._global_lock = VerboseSemaphore(0, check_owner=False,
+                                            name="Serialized._global_lock")
@@ -265 +267,2 @@ def start(self):
-        self.em._lock = l = threading.Semaphore(0)
+        self.em._lock = l = VerboseSemaphore(0, check_owner=False,
+                                             name=self.node_name)
@@ -346 +349,2 @@ def __init__(self, master_nodes, name, **kw):
-        self.em._lock = threading.Semaphore(0)
+        self.em._lock = VerboseSemaphore(0, check_owner=False,
+                                         name=repr(self))

deadlocks mainly happened while stopping a cluster, hence the complete review
of NEOCluster.stop()

A major change is to make the client node handle its lock like other nodes
(i.e. in the polling thread itself) to better know when to call
Serialized.background() (there was a race condition with the test of
'self.poll_thread.isAlive()' in ClientApplication.close).

For example, a backup storage node that was rejected because the upstream
cluster was not ready could reconnect in loop without delay, using 100% CPU
and flooding logs.

A new 'setReconnectionNoDelay' method on Connection can be used for cases where
it's legitimate to quickly reconnect.

With this new delayed reconnection, it's possible to remove the remaining
time.sleep().

Such kind of test has never helped to detect regressions and any bug in
EpollEventManager would be quickly reported by other tests.

testConnection may go the same way if it keeps annoying me too much.

This is currently not an issue because the 'time.sleep(1)' in iterateForObject
(storage) and _connectToPrimaryNode (master) leave enough time. What could
happen is a new connection attempt for a node that already has a connection
(causing a failure assertion in Node.setConnection).

This could happen if a file descriptor was reallocated by the kernel.

With this patch, the epolling object is not awoken every second to check
if a timeout has expired. The API of Connection is changed to get the smallest
timeout.

This is a prerequisite for tickless poll loops.

This mainly changes several methods to lock automatically instead of asserting
that the caller did it. This removes any overhead for non-MT classes, and
the use of 'with' instead of lock/unlock methods also simplifies the API.

shutdown is implicit because we don't duplicate sockets.

- For all threads except the main one, the id is displayed instead of the name,
  because the latter is not always unique.
- Outputs may be interlaced by concurrent thread, so tracebacks are also
  prefixed by their idents.

When the connection to the primary master node is lost, the node manager
does not have anymore a reliable list of running nodes, so iterateForObject()
must not retry any cell.

Since transactions have metadata like a description, it may not be useless
to allow them. But the behaviour of FileStorage is to silently drop them,
so we may have to do the same in the future.

An application that is not supposed to commit empty transactions should write
its own unit test to prevent this.