ExprNodes.py 183 KB
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#
#   Pyrex - Parse tree nodes for expressions
#

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import operator
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from string import join

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from Errors import error, warning, InternalError
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from Errors import hold_errors, release_errors, held_errors, report_error
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from Cython.Utils import UtilityCode
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import StringEncoding
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import Naming
from Nodes import Node
import PyrexTypes
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from PyrexTypes import py_object_type, c_long_type, typecast, error_type
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from Builtin import list_type, tuple_type, dict_type, unicode_type
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import Symtab
import Options
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from Annotate import AnnotationItem
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from Cython.Debugging import print_call_chain
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from DebugFlags import debug_disposal_code, debug_temp_alloc, \
    debug_coercion

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class ExprNode(Node):
    #  subexprs     [string]     Class var holding names of subexpr node attrs
    #  type         PyrexType    Type of the result
    #  result_code  string       Code fragment
    #  result_ctype string       C type of result_code if different from type
    #  is_temp      boolean      Result is in a temporary variable
    #  is_sequence_constructor  
    #               boolean      Is a list or tuple constructor expression
    #  saved_subexpr_nodes
    #               [ExprNode or [ExprNode or None] or None]
    #                            Cached result of subexpr_nodes()
    
    result_ctype = None
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    type = None
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    #  The Analyse Expressions phase for expressions is split
    #  into two sub-phases:
    #
    #    Analyse Types
    #      Determines the result type of the expression based
    #      on the types of its sub-expressions, and inserts
    #      coercion nodes into the expression tree where needed.
    #      Marks nodes which will need to have temporary variables
    #      allocated.
    #
    #    Allocate Temps
    #      Allocates temporary variables where needed, and fills
    #      in the result_code field of each node.
    #
    #  ExprNode provides some convenience routines which
    #  perform both of the above phases. These should only
    #  be called from statement nodes, and only when no
    #  coercion nodes need to be added around the expression
    #  being analysed. In that case, the above two phases
    #  should be invoked separately.
    #
    #  Framework code in ExprNode provides much of the common
    #  processing for the various phases. It makes use of the
    #  'subexprs' class attribute of ExprNodes, which should
    #  contain a list of the names of attributes which can
    #  hold sub-nodes or sequences of sub-nodes.
    #  
    #  The framework makes use of a number of abstract methods. 
    #  Their responsibilities are as follows.
    #
    #    Declaration Analysis phase
    #
    #      analyse_target_declaration
    #        Called during the Analyse Declarations phase to analyse
    #        the LHS of an assignment or argument of a del statement.
    #        Nodes which cannot be the LHS of an assignment need not
    #        implement it.
    #
    #    Expression Analysis phase
    #
    #      analyse_types
    #        - Call analyse_types on all sub-expressions.
    #        - Check operand types, and wrap coercion nodes around
    #          sub-expressions where needed.
    #        - Set the type of this node.
    #        - If a temporary variable will be required for the
    #          result, set the is_temp flag of this node.
    #
    #      analyse_target_types
    #        Called during the Analyse Types phase to analyse
    #        the LHS of an assignment or argument of a del 
    #        statement. Similar responsibilities to analyse_types.
    #
    #      allocate_temps
    #        - Call allocate_temps for all sub-nodes.
    #        - Call allocate_temp for this node.
    #        - If a temporary was allocated, call release_temp on 
    #          all sub-expressions.
    #
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    #      allocate_target_temps
    #        - Call allocate_temps on sub-nodes and allocate any other
    #          temps used during assignment.
    #        - Fill in result_code with a C lvalue if needed.
    #        - If a rhs node is supplied, call release_temp on it.
    #        - Call release_temp on sub-nodes and release any other
    #          temps used during assignment.
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    #
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    #      target_code
    #        Called by the default implementation of allocate_target_temps.
    #        Should return a C lvalue for assigning to the node. The default
    #        implementation calls calculate_result_code.
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    #
    #      check_const
    #        - Check that this node and its subnodes form a
    #          legal constant expression. If so, do nothing,
    #          otherwise call not_const. 
    #
    #        The default implementation of check_const 
    #        assumes that the expression is not constant.
    #
    #      check_const_addr
    #        - Same as check_const, except check that the
    #          expression is a C lvalue whose address is
    #          constant. Otherwise, call addr_not_const.
    #
    #        The default implementation of calc_const_addr
    #        assumes that the expression is not a constant 
    #        lvalue.
    #
    #   Code Generation phase
    #
    #      generate_evaluation_code
    #        - Call generate_evaluation_code for sub-expressions.
    #        - Perform the functions of generate_result_code
    #          (see below).
    #        - If result is temporary, call generate_disposal_code
    #          on all sub-expressions.
    #
    #        A default implementation of generate_evaluation_code
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    #        is provided which uses the following abstract methods:
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    #
    #          generate_result_code
    #            - Generate any C statements necessary to calculate
    #              the result of this node from the results of its
    #              sub-expressions.
    #
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    #          calculate_result_code
    #            - Should return a C code fragment evaluating to the 
    #              result. This is only called when the result is not 
    #              a temporary.
    #
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    #      generate_assignment_code
    #        Called on the LHS of an assignment.
    #        - Call generate_evaluation_code for sub-expressions.
    #        - Generate code to perform the assignment.
    #        - If the assignment absorbed a reference, call
    #          generate_post_assignment_code on the RHS,
    #          otherwise call generate_disposal_code on it.
    #
    #      generate_deletion_code
    #        Called on an argument of a del statement.
    #        - Call generate_evaluation_code for sub-expressions.
    #        - Generate code to perform the deletion.
    #        - Call generate_disposal_code on all sub-expressions.
    #
    #
    
    is_sequence_constructor = 0
    is_attribute = 0
    
    saved_subexpr_nodes = None
    is_temp = 0
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    is_target = 0
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    def get_child_attrs(self):
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        return self.subexprs
    child_attrs = property(fget=get_child_attrs)
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    def not_implemented(self, method_name):
        print_call_chain(method_name, "not implemented") ###
        raise InternalError(
            "%s.%s not implemented" %
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                (self.__class__.__name__, method_name))
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    def is_lvalue(self):
        return 0
    
    def is_ephemeral(self):
        #  An ephemeral node is one whose result is in
        #  a Python temporary and we suspect there are no
        #  other references to it. Certain operations are
        #  disallowed on such values, since they are
        #  likely to result in a dangling pointer.
        return self.type.is_pyobject and self.is_temp

    def subexpr_nodes(self):
        #  Extract a list of subexpression nodes based
        #  on the contents of the subexprs class attribute.
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        nodes = []
        for name in self.subexprs:
            item = getattr(self, name)
            if item:
                if isinstance(item, ExprNode):
                    nodes.append(item)
                else:
                    nodes.extend(item)
        return nodes
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    def result(self):
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        if not self.is_temp or self.is_target:
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            return self.calculate_result_code()
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        else: # i.e. self.is_temp:
            return self.result_code
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    def result_as(self, type = None):
        #  Return the result code cast to the specified C type.
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        return typecast(type, self.ctype(), self.result())
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    def py_result(self):
        #  Return the result code cast to PyObject *.
        return self.result_as(py_object_type)
    
    def ctype(self):
        #  Return the native C type of the result (i.e. the
        #  C type of the result_code expression).
        return self.result_ctype or self.type
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        #  Return value of compile-time expression, or report error.
        error(self.pos, "Invalid compile-time expression")
    
    def compile_time_value_error(self, e):
        error(self.pos, "Error in compile-time expression: %s: %s" % (
            e.__class__.__name__, e))
    
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    # ------------- Declaration Analysis ----------------
    
    def analyse_target_declaration(self, env):
        error(self.pos, "Cannot assign to or delete this")
    
    # ------------- Expression Analysis ----------------
    
    def analyse_const_expression(self, env):
        #  Called during the analyse_declarations phase of a
        #  constant expression. Analyses the expression's type,
        #  checks whether it is a legal const expression,
        #  and determines its value.
        self.analyse_types(env)
        self.allocate_temps(env)
        self.check_const()
    
    def analyse_expressions(self, env):
        #  Convenience routine performing both the Type
        #  Analysis and Temp Allocation phases for a whole 
        #  expression.
        self.analyse_types(env)
        self.allocate_temps(env)
    
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    def analyse_target_expression(self, env, rhs):
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        #  Convenience routine performing both the Type
        #  Analysis and Temp Allocation phases for the LHS of
        #  an assignment.
        self.analyse_target_types(env)
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        self.allocate_target_temps(env, rhs)
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    def analyse_boolean_expression(self, env):
        #  Analyse expression and coerce to a boolean.
        self.analyse_types(env)
        bool = self.coerce_to_boolean(env)
        bool.allocate_temps(env)
        return bool
    
    def analyse_temp_boolean_expression(self, env):
        #  Analyse boolean expression and coerce result into
        #  a temporary. This is used when a branch is to be
        #  performed on the result and we won't have an
        #  opportunity to ensure disposal code is executed
        #  afterwards. By forcing the result into a temporary,
        #  we ensure that all disposal has been done by the
        #  time we get the result.
        self.analyse_types(env)
        bool = self.coerce_to_boolean(env)
        temp_bool = bool.coerce_to_temp(env)
        temp_bool.allocate_temps(env)
        return temp_bool
    
    # --------------- Type Analysis ------------------
    
    def analyse_as_module(self, env):
        # If this node can be interpreted as a reference to a
        # cimported module, return its scope, else None.
        return None
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    def analyse_as_type(self, env):
        # If this node can be interpreted as a reference to a
        # type, return that type, else None.
        return None
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    def analyse_as_extension_type(self, env):
        # If this node can be interpreted as a reference to an
        # extension type, return its type, else None.
        return None
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.not_implemented("analyse_types")
    
    def analyse_target_types(self, env):
        self.analyse_types(env)
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    def gil_assignment_check(self, env):
        if env.nogil and self.type.is_pyobject:
            error(self.pos, "Assignment of Python object not allowed without gil")

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    def check_const(self):
        self.not_const()
    
    def not_const(self):
        error(self.pos, "Not allowed in a constant expression")
    
    def check_const_addr(self):
        self.addr_not_const()
    
    def addr_not_const(self):
        error(self.pos, "Address is not constant")
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    def gil_check(self, env):
        if env.nogil and self.type.is_pyobject:
            self.gil_error()

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    # ----------------- Result Allocation -----------------
    
    def result_in_temp(self):
        #  Return true if result is in a temporary owned by
        #  this node or one of its subexpressions. Overridden
        #  by certain nodes which can share the result of
        #  a subnode.
        return self.is_temp
            
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    def allocate_target_temps(self, env, rhs):
        #  Perform temp allocation for the LHS of an assignment.
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        if debug_temp_alloc:
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            print("%s Allocating target temps" % self)
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        self.allocate_subexpr_temps(env)
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        self.is_target = True
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        if rhs:
            rhs.release_temp(env)
        self.release_subexpr_temps(env)
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    def allocate_temps(self, env, result = None):
        #  Allocate temporary variables for this node and
        #  all its sub-expressions. If a result is specified,
        #  this must be a temp node and the specified variable
        #  is used as the result instead of allocating a new
        #  one.
        if debug_temp_alloc:
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            print("%s Allocating temps" % self)
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        self.allocate_subexpr_temps(env)
        self.allocate_temp(env, result)
        if self.is_temp:
            self.release_subexpr_temps(env)
    
    def allocate_subexpr_temps(self, env):
        #  Allocate temporary variables for all sub-expressions
        #  of this node.
        if debug_temp_alloc:
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            print("%s Allocating temps for: %s" % (self, self.subexprs))
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        for node in self.subexpr_nodes():
            if node:
                if debug_temp_alloc:
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                    print("%s Allocating temps for %s" % (self, node))
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                node.allocate_temps(env)
    
    def allocate_temp(self, env, result = None):
        #  If this node requires a temporary variable for its
        #  result, allocate one, otherwise set the result to
        #  a C code fragment. If a result is specified,
        #  this must be a temp node and the specified variable
        #  is used as the result instead of allocating a new
        #  one.
        if debug_temp_alloc:
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            print("%s Allocating temp" % self)
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        if result:
            if not self.is_temp:
                raise InternalError("Result forced on non-temp node")
            self.result_code = result
        elif self.is_temp:
            type = self.type
            if not type.is_void:
                if type.is_pyobject:
                    type = PyrexTypes.py_object_type
                self.result_code = env.allocate_temp(type)
            else:
                self.result_code = None
            if debug_temp_alloc:
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                print("%s Allocated result %s" % (self, self.result_code))
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    def target_code(self):
        #  Return code fragment for use as LHS of a C assignment.
        return self.calculate_result_code()
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        self.not_implemented("calculate_result_code")
    
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#	def release_target_temp(self, env):
#		#  Release temporaries used by LHS of an assignment.
#		self.release_subexpr_temps(env)
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    def release_temp(self, env):
        #  If this node owns a temporary result, release it,
        #  otherwise release results of its sub-expressions.
        if self.is_temp:
            if debug_temp_alloc:
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                print("%s Releasing result %s" % (self, self.result_code))
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            env.release_temp(self.result_code)
        else:
            self.release_subexpr_temps(env)
    
    def release_subexpr_temps(self, env):
        #  Release the results of all sub-expressions of
        #  this node.
        for node in self.subexpr_nodes():
            if node:
                node.release_temp(env)
    
    # ---------------- Code Generation -----------------
    
    def make_owned_reference(self, code):
        #  If result is a pyobject, make sure we own
        #  a reference to it.
        if self.type.is_pyobject and not self.result_in_temp():
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            code.put_incref(self.result(), self.ctype())
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    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
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        code.mark_pos(self.pos)
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        #  Generate code to evaluate this node and
        #  its sub-expressions, and dispose of any
        #  temporary results of its sub-expressions.
        self.generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(code)
        self.generate_result_code(code)
        if self.is_temp:
            self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
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    def generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(self, code):
        for node in self.subexpr_nodes():
            node.generate_evaluation_code(code)
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        self.not_implemented("generate_result_code")
    
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    def generate_disposal_code(self, code, free_temp=True, decref=True):
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        # If necessary, generate code to dispose of 
        # temporary Python reference.
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        if not decref:
            self.generate_post_assignment_code(code)
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        else:
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            if self.is_temp:
                if self.type.is_pyobject:
                    code.put_decref_clear(self.result(), self.ctype())
            else:
                self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
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    def generate_subexpr_disposal_code(self, code):
        #  Generate code to dispose of temporary results
        #  of all sub-expressions.
        for node in self.subexpr_nodes():
            node.generate_disposal_code(code)
    
    def generate_post_assignment_code(self, code):
        # Same as generate_disposal_code except that
        # assignment will have absorbed a reference to
        # the result if it is a Python object.
        if self.is_temp:
            if self.type.is_pyobject:
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                code.putln("%s = 0;" % self.result())
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        else:
            self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
    
    def generate_assignment_code(self, rhs, code):
        #  Stub method for nodes which are not legal as
        #  the LHS of an assignment. An error will have 
        #  been reported earlier.
        pass
    
    def generate_deletion_code(self, code):
        #  Stub method for nodes that are not legal as
        #  the argument of a del statement. An error
        #  will have been reported earlier.
        pass
    
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    # ---------------- Annotation ---------------------
    
    def annotate(self, code):
        for node in self.subexpr_nodes():
            node.annotate(code)
    
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    # ----------------- Coercion ----------------------
    
    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
        #   Coerce the result so that it can be assigned to
        #   something of type dst_type. If processing is necessary,
        #   wraps this node in a coercion node and returns that.
        #   Otherwise, returns this node unchanged.
        #
        #   This method is called during the analyse_expressions
        #   phase of the src_node's processing.
        src = self
        src_type = self.type
        src_is_py_type = src_type.is_pyobject
        dst_is_py_type = dst_type.is_pyobject
        
        if dst_type.is_pyobject:
            if not src.type.is_pyobject:
                src = CoerceToPyTypeNode(src, env)
            if not src.type.subtype_of(dst_type):
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                if not isinstance(src, NoneNode):
                    src = PyTypeTestNode(src, dst_type, env)
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        elif src.type.is_pyobject:
            src = CoerceFromPyTypeNode(dst_type, src, env)
        else: # neither src nor dst are py types
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            # Added the string comparison, since for c types that
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            # is enough, but Cython gets confused when the types are
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            # in different files.
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            if not (str(src.type) == str(dst_type) or dst_type.assignable_from(src_type)):
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                error(self.pos, "Cannot assign type '%s' to '%s'" %
                    (src.type, dst_type))
        return src

    def coerce_to_pyobject(self, env):
        return self.coerce_to(PyrexTypes.py_object_type, env)

    def coerce_to_boolean(self, env):
        #  Coerce result to something acceptable as
        #  a boolean value.
        type = self.type
        if type.is_pyobject or type.is_ptr or type.is_float:
            return CoerceToBooleanNode(self, env)
        else:
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            if not type.is_int and not type.is_error:
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                error(self.pos, 
                    "Type '%s' not acceptable as a boolean" % type)
            return self
    
    def coerce_to_integer(self, env):
        # If not already some C integer type, coerce to longint.
        if self.type.is_int:
            return self
        else:
            return self.coerce_to(PyrexTypes.c_long_type, env)
    
    def coerce_to_temp(self, env):
        #  Ensure that the result is in a temporary.
        if self.result_in_temp():
            return self
        else:
            return CoerceToTempNode(self, env)
    
    def coerce_to_simple(self, env):
        #  Ensure that the result is simple (see is_simple).
        if self.is_simple():
            return self
        else:
            return self.coerce_to_temp(env)
    
    def is_simple(self):
        #  A node is simple if its result is something that can
        #  be referred to without performing any operations, e.g.
        #  a constant, local var, C global var, struct member
        #  reference, or temporary.
        return self.result_in_temp()
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    def as_cython_attribute(self):
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        return None
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class RemoveAllocateTemps(type):
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        super(RemoveAllocateTemps, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
        def noop(self, env): pass
        setattr(cls, 'allocate_temps', noop)
        setattr(cls, 'allocate_temp', noop)
        setattr(cls, 'release_temps', noop)
        setattr(cls, 'release_temp', noop)

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class NewTempExprNode(ExprNode):
    backwards_compatible_result = None
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#   Do not enable this unless you are trying to make all ExprNodes
#   NewTempExprNodes (child nodes reached via recursion may not have
#   transferred).
#    __metaclass__ = RemoveAllocateTemps
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    def result(self):
        if self.is_temp:
            return self.temp_code
        else:
            return self.calculate_result_code()

    def allocate_target_temps(self, env, rhs):
        self.allocate_subexpr_temps(env)
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        self.is_target = True
        if rhs:
            rhs.release_temp(env)
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        self.release_subexpr_temps(env)
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    def allocate_temps(self, env, result = None):
        self.allocate_subexpr_temps(env)
        self.backwards_compatible_result = result
        if self.is_temp:
            self.release_subexpr_temps(env)

    def allocate_temp(self, env, result = None):
        assert result is None

    def release_temp(self, env):
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        if self.is_temp:
            pass
        else:
            self.release_subexpr_temps(env)
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    def allocate_temp_result(self, code):
        type = self.type
        if not type.is_void:
            if type.is_pyobject:
                type = PyrexTypes.py_object_type
            if self.backwards_compatible_result:
                self.temp_code = self.backwards_compatible_result
            else:
                self.temp_code = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(
                    type, manage_ref=True)
        else:
            self.temp_code = None

    def release_temp_result(self, code):
        code.funcstate.release_temp(self.temp_code)

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    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        code.mark_pos(self.pos)
        
        #  Generate code to evaluate this node and
        #  its sub-expressions, and dispose of any
        #  temporary results of its sub-expressions.
        self.generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(code)

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        if self.is_temp:
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            self.allocate_temp_result(code)
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        self.generate_result_code(code)
        if self.is_temp:
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            # If we are temp, need to wait until this node is disposed
            # before disposing children.
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            self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)

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    def generate_disposal_code(self, code, free_temp=True, decref=True):
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        if self.is_temp:
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            if self.type.is_pyobject:
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                if decref:
                    code.put_decref_clear(self.result(), self.ctype())
                elif free_temp and not self.backwards_compatible_result:
                    code.putln("%s = 0;" % self.result())
            if free_temp and not self.backwards_compatible_result:
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                self.release_temp_result(code)
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        else:
            self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)

    def generate_post_assignment_code(self, code):
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        self.generate_disposal_code(code, free_temp=True, decref=False)
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# ExprNode = NewTempExprNode     
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class AtomicExprNode(ExprNode):
    #  Abstract base class for expression nodes which have
    #  no sub-expressions.
    
    subexprs = []

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class AtomicNewTempExprNode(NewTempExprNode):
    # I do not dare to convert NameNode yet. This is now
    # ancestor of all former AtomicExprNode except
    # NameNode. Should be renamed to AtomicExprNode
    # when done.
    
    #  Abstract base class for expression nodes which have
    #  no sub-expressions.
    
    subexprs = []

    # Override to optimize -- we know we have no children
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    def generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(self, code):
        pass
    def generate_subexpr_disposal_code(self, code):
        pass
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class PyConstNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    #  Abstract base class for constant Python values.
    
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    is_literal = 1
    
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    def is_simple(self):
        return 1
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.type = py_object_type
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return self.value

    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass


class NoneNode(PyConstNode):
    #  The constant value None
    
    value = "Py_None"
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return None
    
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class EllipsisNode(PyConstNode):
    #  '...' in a subscript list.
    
    value = "Py_Ellipsis"

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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return Ellipsis

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class ConstNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    # Abstract base type for literal constant nodes.
    #
    # value     string      C code fragment
    
    is_literal = 1
    
    def is_simple(self):
        return 1
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        pass # Types are held in class variables
    
    def check_const(self):
        pass
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return str(self.value)

    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass


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class BoolNode(ConstNode):
    type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
    #  The constant value True or False
    
    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return self.value
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return str(int(self.value))
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class NullNode(ConstNode):
    type = PyrexTypes.c_null_ptr_type
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    value = "NULL"
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class CharNode(ConstNode):
    type = PyrexTypes.c_char_type
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
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        return ord(self.value)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "'%s'" % StringEncoding.escape_character(self.value)
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class IntNode(ConstNode):
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    # unsigned     "" or "U"
    # longness     "" or "L" or "LL"

    unsigned = ""
    longness = ""
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    type = PyrexTypes.c_long_type

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    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
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        if dst_type.is_numeric:
            self.type = PyrexTypes.c_long_type
            return self
        # Arrange for a Python version of the number to be pre-allocated
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        # when coercing to a Python type.
        if dst_type.is_pyobject:
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            self.entry = env.get_py_num(self.value, self.longness)
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            self.type = PyrexTypes.py_object_type
        # We still need to perform normal coerce_to processing on the
        # result, because we might be coercing to an extension type,
        # in which case a type test node will be needed.
        return ConstNode.coerce_to(self, dst_type, env)
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    def coerce_to_boolean(self, env):
        self.type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
        return self
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        if self.type.is_pyobject:
            return self.entry.cname
        else:
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            return str(self.value) + self.unsigned + self.longness
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
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        return int(self.value, 0)
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class FloatNode(ConstNode):
    type = PyrexTypes.c_double_type

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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return float(self.value)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        strval = str(self.value)
        if strval == 'nan':
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            return "(Py_HUGE_VAL * 0)"
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        elif strval == 'inf':
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            return "Py_HUGE_VAL"
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        elif strval == '-inf':
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            return "(-Py_HUGE_VAL)"
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        else:
            return strval
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class StringNode(ConstNode):
    #  entry   Symtab.Entry
    
    type = PyrexTypes.c_char_ptr_type
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
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        return self.value
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.entry = env.add_string_const(self.value)
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    def analyse_as_type(self, env):
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        type = PyrexTypes.parse_basic_type(self.value)
        if type is not None:    
            return type
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        from TreeFragment import TreeFragment
        pos = (self.pos[0], self.pos[1], self.pos[2]-7)
        declaration = TreeFragment(u"sizeof(%s)" % self.value, name=pos[0].filename, initial_pos=pos)
        sizeof_node = declaration.root.stats[0].expr
        sizeof_node.analyse_types(env)
        if isinstance(sizeof_node, SizeofTypeNode):
            return sizeof_node.arg_type
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    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
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        if dst_type == PyrexTypes.c_char_ptr_type:
            self.type = PyrexTypes.c_char_ptr_type
            return self
            
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        if dst_type.is_int:
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            if not self.type.is_pyobject and len(self.entry.init) == 1:
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                return CharNode(self.pos, value=self.value)
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            else:
                error(self.pos, "Only coerce single-character ascii strings can be used as ints.")
                return self
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        # Arrange for a Python version of the string to be pre-allocated
        # when coercing to a Python type.
        if dst_type.is_pyobject and not self.type.is_pyobject:
            node = self.as_py_string_node(env)
        else:
            node = self
        # We still need to perform normal coerce_to processing on the
        # result, because we might be coercing to an extension type,
        # in which case a type test node will be needed.
        return ConstNode.coerce_to(node, dst_type, env)

    def as_py_string_node(self, env):
        # Return a new StringNode with the same entry as this node
        # but whose type is a Python type instead of a C type.
        entry = self.entry
        env.add_py_string(entry)
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        return StringNode(self.pos, value = self.value, entry = entry, type = py_object_type)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        if self.type.is_pyobject:
            return self.entry.pystring_cname
        else:
            return self.entry.cname


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class UnicodeNode(PyConstNode):
    #  entry   Symtab.Entry

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    type = unicode_type
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.entry = env.add_string_const(self.value)
        env.add_py_string(self.entry)

    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return self.entry.pystring_cname
    
    def _coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
        if not dst_type.is_pyobject:
            node = StringNode(self.pos, entry = entry, type = py_object_type)
            return ConstNode.coerce_to(node, dst_type, env)
        else:
            return self
        # We still need to perform normal coerce_to processing on the
        # result, because we might be coercing to an extension type,
        # in which case a type test node will be needed.
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    def compile_time_value(self, env):
        return self.value
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class IdentifierStringNode(ConstNode):
    # A Python string that behaves like an identifier, e.g. for
    # keyword arguments in a call, or for imported names
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    type = PyrexTypes.py_object_type

    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.cname = env.intern_identifier(self.value)

    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return self.cname


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class LongNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    #  Python long integer literal
    #
    #  value   string
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return long(self.value)
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python long int"
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python long int"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        code.putln(
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            '%s = PyLong_FromString((char *)"%s", 0, 0); %s' % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.value,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class ImagNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    #  Imaginary number literal
    #
    #  value   float    imaginary part
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return complex(0.0, self.value)
    
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Constructing complex number"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        code.putln(
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            "%s = PyComplex_FromDoubles(0.0, %s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.value,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class NameNode(AtomicExprNode):
    #  Reference to a local or global variable name.
    #
    #  name            string    Python name of the variable
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    #
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    #  entry           Entry     Symbol table entry
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    #  interned_cname  string
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    is_name = True
    is_cython_module = False
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    cython_attribute = None
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    lhs_of_first_assignment = False
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    entry = None
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    def create_analysed_rvalue(pos, env, entry):
        node = NameNode(pos)
        node.analyse_types(env, entry=entry)
        return node
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    def as_cython_attribute(self):
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        return self.cython_attribute
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    create_analysed_rvalue = staticmethod(create_analysed_rvalue)
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        try:
            return denv.lookup(self.name)
        except KeyError:
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            error(self.pos, "Compile-time name '%s' not defined" % self.name)
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    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
        #  If coercing to a generic pyobject and this is a builtin
        #  C function with a Python equivalent, manufacture a NameNode
        #  referring to the Python builtin.
        #print "NameNode.coerce_to:", self.name, dst_type ###
        if dst_type is py_object_type:
            entry = self.entry
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            if entry and entry.is_cfunction:
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                var_entry = entry.as_variable
                if var_entry:
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                    if var_entry.is_builtin and Options.cache_builtins:
                        var_entry = env.declare_builtin(var_entry.name, self.pos)
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                    node = NameNode(self.pos, name = self.name)
                    node.entry = var_entry
                    node.analyse_rvalue_entry(env)
                    return node
        return AtomicExprNode.coerce_to(self, dst_type, env)
    
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    def analyse_as_module(self, env):
        # Try to interpret this as a reference to a cimported module.
        # Returns the module scope, or None.
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        entry = self.entry
        if not entry:
            entry = env.lookup(self.name)
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        if entry and entry.as_module:
            return entry.as_module
        return None
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    def analyse_as_type(self, env):
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        if self.cython_attribute:
            type = PyrexTypes.parse_basic_type(self.cython_attribute)
        else:
            type = PyrexTypes.parse_basic_type(self.name)
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        if type:
            return type
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        entry = self.entry
        if not entry:
            entry = env.lookup(self.name)
        if entry and entry.is_type:
            return entry.type
        else:
            return None
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    def analyse_as_extension_type(self, env):
        # Try to interpret this as a reference to an extension type.
        # Returns the extension type, or None.
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        entry = self.entry
        if not entry:
            entry = env.lookup(self.name)
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        if entry and entry.is_type and entry.type.is_extension_type:
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            return entry.type
        else:
            return None
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    def analyse_target_declaration(self, env):
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        if not self.entry:
            self.entry = env.lookup_here(self.name)
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        if not self.entry:
            self.entry = env.declare_var(self.name, py_object_type, self.pos)
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        env.control_flow.set_state(self.pos, (self.name, 'initalized'), True)
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        env.control_flow.set_state(self.pos, (self.name, 'source'), 'assignment')
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        if self.entry.is_declared_generic:
            self.result_ctype = py_object_type
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        if self.entry is None:
            self.entry = env.lookup(self.name)
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        if not self.entry:
            self.entry = env.declare_builtin(self.name, self.pos)
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        if not self.entry:
            self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
            return
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        self.analyse_rvalue_entry(env)
        
    def analyse_target_types(self, env):
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        self.analyse_entry(env)
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        if not self.is_lvalue():
            error(self.pos, "Assignment to non-lvalue '%s'"
                % self.name)
            self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
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        self.entry.used = 1
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        if self.entry.type.is_buffer:
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            import Buffer
            Buffer.used_buffer_aux_vars(self.entry)
                
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    def analyse_rvalue_entry(self, env):
        #print "NameNode.analyse_rvalue_entry:", self.name ###
        #print "Entry:", self.entry.__dict__ ###
        self.analyse_entry(env)
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        entry = self.entry
        if entry.is_declared_generic:
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            self.result_ctype = py_object_type
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        if entry.is_pyglobal or entry.is_builtin:
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            if Options.cache_builtins and entry.is_builtin:
                self.is_temp = 0
            else:
                self.is_temp = 1
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            env.use_utility_code(get_name_interned_utility_code)
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            self.gil_check(env)

    gil_message = "Accessing Python global or builtin"

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    def analyse_entry(self, env):
        #print "NameNode.analyse_entry:", self.name ###
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        self.check_identifier_kind()
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        entry = self.entry
        type = entry.type
        self.type = type
        if entry.is_pyglobal or entry.is_builtin:
            assert type.is_pyobject, "Python global or builtin not a Python object"
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            self.interned_cname = self.entry.interned_cname = \
                env.intern_identifier(self.entry.name)
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    def check_identifier_kind(self):
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        #print "NameNode.check_identifier_kind:", self.entry.name ###
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        #print self.entry.__dict__ ###
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        entry = self.entry
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        #entry.used = 1
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        if not (entry.is_const or entry.is_variable 
            or entry.is_builtin or entry.is_cfunction):
                if self.entry.as_variable:
                    self.entry = self.entry.as_variable
                else:
                    error(self.pos, 
                        "'%s' is not a constant, variable or function identifier" % self.name)
    
    def is_simple(self):
        #  If it's not a C variable, it'll be in a temp.
        return 1
    
    def calculate_target_results(self, env):
        pass
    
    def check_const(self):
        entry = self.entry
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        if entry is not None and not (entry.is_const or entry.is_cfunction or entry.is_builtin):
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            self.not_const()
    
    def check_const_addr(self):
        entry = self.entry
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        if not (entry.is_cglobal or entry.is_cfunction or entry.is_builtin):
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            self.addr_not_const()

    def is_lvalue(self):
        return self.entry.is_variable and \
            not self.entry.type.is_array and \
            not self.entry.is_readonly
    
    def is_ephemeral(self):
        #  Name nodes are never ephemeral, even if the
        #  result is in a temporary.
        return 0
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    def allocate_temp(self, env, result = None):
        AtomicExprNode.allocate_temp(self, env, result)
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        entry = self.entry
        if entry:
            entry.used = 1
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            if entry.type.is_buffer:
                import Buffer
                Buffer.used_buffer_aux_vars(entry)
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            if entry.utility_code:
                env.use_utility_code(entry.utility_code)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        entry = self.entry
        if not entry:
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            return "<error>" # There was an error earlier
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        return entry.cname
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        assert hasattr(self, 'entry')
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        entry = self.entry
        if entry is None:
            return # There was an error earlier
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        if entry.is_builtin and Options.cache_builtins:
            return # Lookup already cached
        elif entry.is_pyglobal or entry.is_builtin:
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            if entry.is_builtin:
                namespace = Naming.builtins_cname
            else: # entry.is_pyglobal
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                namespace = entry.scope.namespace_cname
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            code.putln(
                '%s = __Pyx_GetName(%s, %s); %s' % (
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                self.result(),
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                namespace, 
                self.interned_cname,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        elif entry.is_local and False:
            # control flow not good enough yet
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            assigned = entry.scope.control_flow.get_state((entry.name, 'initalized'), self.pos)
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            if assigned is False:
                error(self.pos, "local variable '%s' referenced before assignment" % entry.name)
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            elif not Options.init_local_none and assigned is None:
                code.putln('if (%s == 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_UnboundLocalError, "%s"); %s }' % (entry.cname, entry.name, code.error_goto(self.pos)))
                entry.scope.control_flow.set_state(self.pos, (entry.name, 'initalized'), True)
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    def generate_assignment_code(self, rhs, code):
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        #print "NameNode.generate_assignment_code:", self.name ###
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        entry = self.entry
        if entry is None:
            return # There was an error earlier
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        if (self.entry.type.is_ptr and isinstance(rhs, ListNode)
            and not self.lhs_of_first_assignment):
            error(self.pos, "Literal list must be assigned to pointer at time of declaration")
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        # is_pyglobal seems to be True for module level-globals only.
        # We use this to access class->tp_dict if necessary.
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        if entry.is_pyglobal:
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            namespace = self.entry.scope.namespace_cname
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            if entry.is_member:
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                # if the entry is a member we have to cheat: SetAttr does not work
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                # on types, so we create a descriptor which is then added to tp_dict
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                code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos,
                    'PyDict_SetItem(%s->tp_dict, %s, %s)' % (
                        namespace,
                        self.interned_cname,
                        rhs.py_result()))
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                # in Py2.6+, we need to invalidate the method cache
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                code.putln("PyType_Modified(%s);" %
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                           entry.scope.parent_type.typeptr_cname)
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            else: 
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                code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos,
                    'PyObject_SetAttr(%s, %s, %s)' % (
                        namespace,
                        self.interned_cname,
                        rhs.py_result()))
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                if debug_disposal_code:
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                    print("NameNode.generate_assignment_code:")
                    print("...generating disposal code for %s" % rhs)
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                rhs.generate_disposal_code(code)
                
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        else:
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            if self.type.is_buffer:
                # Generate code for doing the buffer release/acquisition.
                # This might raise an exception in which case the assignment (done
                # below) will not happen.
                #
                # The reason this is not in a typetest-like node is because the
                # variables that the acquired buffer info is stored to is allocated
                # per entry and coupled with it.
                self.generate_acquire_buffer(rhs, code)

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            if self.type.is_pyobject:
                rhs.make_owned_reference(code)
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                #print "NameNode.generate_assignment_code: to", self.name ###
                #print "...from", rhs ###
                #print "...LHS type", self.type, "ctype", self.ctype() ###
                #print "...RHS type", rhs.type, "ctype", rhs.ctype() ###
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                if not self.lhs_of_first_assignment:
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                    if entry.is_local and not Options.init_local_none:
                        initalized = entry.scope.control_flow.get_state((entry.name, 'initalized'), self.pos)
                        if initalized is True:
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                            code.put_decref(self.result(), self.ctype())
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                        elif initalized is None:
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                            code.put_xdecref(self.result(), self.ctype())
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                    else:
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                        code.put_decref(self.result(), self.ctype())
            code.putln('%s = %s;' % (self.result(), rhs.result_as(self.ctype())))
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            if debug_disposal_code:
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                print("NameNode.generate_assignment_code:")
                print("...generating post-assignment code for %s" % rhs)
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            rhs.generate_post_assignment_code(code)
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    def generate_acquire_buffer(self, rhs, code):
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        # rhstmp is only used in case the rhs is a complicated expression leading to
        # the object, to avoid repeating the same C expression for every reference
        # to the rhs. It does NOT hold a reference.
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        pretty_rhs = isinstance(rhs, NameNode) or rhs.is_temp
        if pretty_rhs:
            rhstmp = rhs.result_as(self.ctype())
        else:
            rhstmp = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(self.entry.type, manage_ref=False)
            code.putln('%s = %s;' % (rhstmp, rhs.result_as(self.ctype())))

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        buffer_aux = self.entry.buffer_aux
        bufstruct = buffer_aux.buffer_info_var.cname
        import Buffer
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        Buffer.put_assign_to_buffer(self.result(), rhstmp, buffer_aux, self.entry.type,
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                                    is_initialized=not self.lhs_of_first_assignment,
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                                    pos=self.pos, code=code)
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        if not pretty_rhs:
            code.putln("%s = 0;" % rhstmp)
            code.funcstate.release_temp(rhstmp)
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    def generate_deletion_code(self, code):
        if self.entry is None:
            return # There was an error earlier
        if not self.entry.is_pyglobal:
            error(self.pos, "Deletion of local or C global name not supported")
            return
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        code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
            'PyObject_DelAttrString(%s, "%s")' % (
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                Naming.module_cname,
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                self.entry.name))
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    def annotate(self, code):
        if hasattr(self, 'is_called') and self.is_called:
            pos = (self.pos[0], self.pos[1], self.pos[2] - len(self.name) - 1)
            if self.type.is_pyobject:
                code.annotate(pos, AnnotationItem('py_call', 'python function', size=len(self.name)))
            else:
                code.annotate(pos, AnnotationItem('c_call', 'c function', size=len(self.name)))
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class BackquoteNode(ExprNode):
    #  `expr`
    #
    #  arg    ExprNode
    
    subexprs = ['arg']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.arg.analyse_types(env)
        self.arg = self.arg.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Backquote expression"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        code.putln(
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            "%s = PyObject_Repr(%s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.arg.py_result(),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class ImportNode(ExprNode):
    #  Used as part of import statement implementation.
    #  Implements result = 
    #    __import__(module_name, globals(), None, name_list)
    #
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    #  module_name   IdentifierStringNode     dotted name of module
    #  name_list     ListNode or None         list of names to be imported
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    subexprs = ['module_name', 'name_list']

    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.module_name.analyse_types(env)
        self.module_name = self.module_name.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        if self.name_list:
            self.name_list.analyse_types(env)
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            self.name_list.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
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        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
        env.use_utility_code(import_utility_code)
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    gil_message = "Python import"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.name_list:
            name_list_code = self.name_list.py_result()
        else:
            name_list_code = "0"
        code.putln(
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            "%s = __Pyx_Import(%s, %s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.module_name.py_result(),
                name_list_code,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class IteratorNode(NewTempExprNode):
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    #  Used as part of for statement implementation.
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    #
    #  allocate_counter_temp/release_counter_temp needs to be called
    #  by parent (ForInStatNode)
    #
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    #  Implements result = iter(sequence)
    #
    #  sequence   ExprNode
    
    subexprs = ['sequence']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.sequence.analyse_types(env)
        self.sequence = self.sequence.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Iterating over Python object"

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    def allocate_counter_temp(self, code):
        self.counter_cname = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(
            PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type, manage_ref=False)

    def release_counter_temp(self, code):
        code.funcstate.release_temp(self.counter_cname)

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        is_builtin_sequence = self.sequence.type is list_type or \
            self.sequence.type is tuple_type
        if is_builtin_sequence:
            code.putln(
                "if (likely(%s != Py_None)) {" % self.sequence.py_result())
        else:
            code.putln(
                "if (PyList_CheckExact(%s) || PyTuple_CheckExact(%s)) {" % (
                    self.sequence.py_result(),
                    self.sequence.py_result()))
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        code.putln(
            "%s = 0; %s = %s; Py_INCREF(%s);" % (
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                self.counter_cname,
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                self.result(),
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                self.sequence.py_result(),
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                self.result()))
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        code.putln("} else {")
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        if is_builtin_sequence:
            code.putln(
                'PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "\'NoneType\' object is not iterable"); %s' %
                code.error_goto(self.pos))
        else:
            code.putln("%s = -1; %s = PyObject_GetIter(%s); %s" % (
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                    self.counter_cname,
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                    self.result(),
                    self.sequence.py_result(),
                    code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        code.putln("}")
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class NextNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    #  Used as part of for statement implementation.
    #  Implements result = iterator.next()
    #  Created during analyse_types phase.
    #  The iterator is not owned by this node.
    #
    #  iterator   ExprNode
    
    def __init__(self, iterator, env):
        self.pos = iterator.pos
        self.iterator = iterator
        self.type = py_object_type
        self.is_temp = 1
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        if self.iterator.sequence.type is list_type:
            type_checks = [(list_type, "List")]
        elif self.iterator.sequence.type is tuple_type:
            type_checks = [(tuple_type, "Tuple")]
        else:
            type_checks = [(list_type, "List"), (tuple_type, "Tuple")]

        for py_type, prefix in type_checks:
            if len(type_checks) > 1:
                code.putln(
                    "if (likely(Py%s_CheckExact(%s))) {" % (
                        prefix, self.iterator.py_result()))
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            code.putln(
                "if (%s >= Py%s_GET_SIZE(%s)) break;" % (
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                    self.iterator.counter_cname,
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                    prefix,
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                    self.iterator.py_result()))
            code.putln(
                "%s = Py%s_GET_ITEM(%s, %s); Py_INCREF(%s); %s++;" % (
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                    self.result(),
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                    prefix,
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                    self.iterator.py_result(),
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                    self.iterator.counter_cname,
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                    self.result(),
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                    self.iterator.counter_cname))
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            if len(type_checks) > 1:
                code.put("} else ")
        if len(type_checks) == 1:
            return
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        code.putln("{")
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        code.putln(
            "%s = PyIter_Next(%s);" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.iterator.py_result()))
        code.putln(
            "if (!%s) {" %
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                self.result())
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        code.putln(code.error_goto_if_PyErr(self.pos))
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        code.putln("break;")
        code.putln("}")
        code.putln("}")
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class ExcValueNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    #  Node created during analyse_types phase
    #  of an ExceptClauseNode to fetch the current
    #  exception value.
    
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    def __init__(self, pos, env, var):
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        ExprNode.__init__(self, pos)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.var = var
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return self.var

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        pass
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        pass

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class TempNode(ExprNode):
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    #  Node created during analyse_types phase
    #  of some nodes to hold a temporary value.
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    subexprs = []
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    def __init__(self, pos, type, env):
        ExprNode.__init__(self, pos)
        self.type = type
        if type.is_pyobject:
            self.result_ctype = py_object_type
        self.is_temp = 1
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        return self.type
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass


class PyTempNode(TempNode):
    #  TempNode holding a Python value.
    
    def __init__(self, pos, env):
        TempNode.__init__(self, pos, PyrexTypes.py_object_type, env)


#-------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#  Trailer nodes
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------

class IndexNode(ExprNode):
    #  Sequence indexing.
    #
    #  base     ExprNode
    #  index    ExprNode
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    #  indices  [ExprNode]
    #  is_buffer_access boolean Whether this is a buffer access.
    #
    #  indices is used on buffer access, index on non-buffer access.
    #  The former contains a clean list of index parameters, the
    #  latter whatever Python object is needed for index access.
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    subexprs = ['base', 'index', 'indices']
    indices = None

    def __init__(self, pos, index, *args, **kw):
        ExprNode.__init__(self, pos, index=index, *args, **kw)
        self._index = index
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        base = self.base.compile_time_value(denv)
        index = self.index.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            return base[index]
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
    
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    def is_ephemeral(self):
        return self.base.is_ephemeral()
    
    def analyse_target_declaration(self, env):
        pass
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    def analyse_as_type(self, env):
        base_type = self.base.analyse_as_type(env)
        if base_type and not base_type.is_pyobject:
            return PyrexTypes.CArrayType(base_type, int(self.index.compile_time_value(env)))
        return None
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        self.analyse_base_and_index_types(env, getting = 1)
    
    def analyse_target_types(self, env):
        self.analyse_base_and_index_types(env, setting = 1)
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    def analyse_base_and_index_types(self, env, getting = 0, setting = 0):
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        # Note: This might be cleaned up by having IndexNode
        # parsed in a saner way and only construct the tuple if
        # needed.
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        # Note that this function must leave IndexNode in a cloneable state.
        # For buffers, self.index is packed out on the initial analysis, and
        # when cloning self.indices is copied.
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        self.is_buffer_access = False

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        self.base.analyse_types(env)
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        # Handle the case where base is a literal char* (and we expect a string, not an int)
        if isinstance(self.base, StringNode):
            self.base = self.base.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
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        skip_child_analysis = False
        buffer_access = False
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        if self.base.type.is_buffer:
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            assert hasattr(self.base, "entry") # Must be a NameNode-like node
            if self.indices:
                indices = self.indices
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            else:
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                # On cloning, indices is cloned. Otherwise, unpack index into indices
                assert not isinstance(self.index, CloneNode)
                if isinstance(self.index, TupleNode):
                    indices = self.index.args
                else:
                    indices = [self.index]
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            if len(indices) == self.base.type.ndim:
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                buffer_access = True
                skip_child_analysis = True
                for x in indices:
                    x.analyse_types(env)
                    if not x.type.is_int:
                        buffer_access = False
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        if buffer_access:
            self.indices = indices
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            self.index = None
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            self.type = self.base.type.dtype
            self.is_buffer_access = True
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            self.buffer_type = self.base.entry.type
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            if getting and self.type.is_pyobject:
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                self.is_temp = True
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            if setting:
                if not self.base.entry.type.writable:
                    error(self.pos, "Writing to readonly buffer")
                else:
                    self.base.entry.buffer_aux.writable_needed = True
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        else:
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            if isinstance(self.index, TupleNode):
                self.index.analyse_types(env, skip_children=skip_child_analysis)
            elif not skip_child_analysis:
                self.index.analyse_types(env)
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            self.original_index_type = self.index.type
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            if self.base.type.is_pyobject:
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                if self.index.type.is_int and not self.index.type.is_longlong:
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                    self.index = self.index.coerce_to(PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type, env).coerce_to_simple(env)
                else:
                    self.index = self.index.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
                self.type = py_object_type
                self.gil_check(env)
                self.is_temp = 1
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            else:
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                if self.base.type.is_ptr or self.base.type.is_array:
                    self.type = self.base.type.base_type
                else:
                    error(self.pos,
                        "Attempting to index non-array type '%s'" %
                            self.base.type)
                    self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
                if self.index.type.is_pyobject:
                    self.index = self.index.coerce_to(
                        PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type, env)
                if not self.index.type.is_int:
                    error(self.pos,
                        "Invalid index type '%s'" %
                            self.index.type)
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    gil_message = "Indexing Python object"

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    def check_const_addr(self):
        self.base.check_const_addr()
        self.index.check_const()
    
    def is_lvalue(self):
        return 1
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        if self.is_buffer_access:
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            return "(*%s)" % self.buffer_ptr_code
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        else:
            return "(%s[%s])" % (
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                self.base.result(), self.index.result())
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    def index_unsigned_parameter(self):
        if self.index.type.is_int:
            if self.original_index_type.signed:
                return ", 0"
            else:
                return ", sizeof(Py_ssize_t) <= sizeof(%s)" % self.original_index_type.declaration_code("")
        else:
            return ""
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    def generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(self, code):
        self.base.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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        if not self.indices:
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            self.index.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        else:
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            for i in self.indices:
                i.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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    def generate_subexpr_disposal_code(self, code):
        self.base.generate_disposal_code(code)
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        if not self.indices:
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            self.index.generate_disposal_code(code)
        else:
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            for i in self.indices:
                i.generate_disposal_code(code)
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        if self.is_buffer_access:
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            if code.globalstate.directives['nonecheck']:
                self.put_nonecheck(code)
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            self.buffer_ptr_code = self.buffer_lookup_code(code)
            if self.type.is_pyobject:
                # is_temp is True, so must pull out value and incref it.
                code.putln("%s = *%s;" % (self.result(), self.buffer_ptr_code))
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                code.putln("Py_INCREF((PyObject*)%s);" % self.result())
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        elif self.type.is_pyobject:
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            if self.index.type.is_int:
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                function = "__Pyx_GetItemInt"
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                index_code = self.index.result()
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                code.globalstate.use_utility_code(getitem_int_utility_code)
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            else:
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                function = "PyObject_GetItem"
                index_code = self.index.py_result()
                sign_code = ""
            code.putln(
                "%s = %s(%s, %s%s); if (!%s) %s" % (
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                    self.result(),
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                    function,
                    self.base.py_result(),
                    index_code,
                    self.index_unsigned_parameter(),
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                    self.result(),
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                    code.error_goto(self.pos)))
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    def generate_setitem_code(self, value_code, code):
        if self.index.type.is_int:
            function = "__Pyx_SetItemInt"
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            index_code = self.index.result()
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            code.globalstate.use_utility_code(setitem_int_utility_code)
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        else:
            index_code = self.index.py_result()
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            if self.base.type is dict_type:
                function = "PyDict_SetItem"
            elif self.base.type is list_type:
                function = "PyList_SetItem"
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            # don't use PyTuple_SetItem(), as we'd normally get a
            # TypeError when changing a tuple, while PyTuple_SetItem()
            # would allow updates
            #
            #elif self.base.type is tuple_type:
            #    function = "PyTuple_SetItem"
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            else:
                function = "PyObject_SetItem"
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        code.putln(
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            "if (%s(%s, %s, %s%s) < 0) %s" % (
                function,
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                self.base.py_result(),
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                index_code,
                value_code,
                self.index_unsigned_parameter(),
                code.error_goto(self.pos)))
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    def generate_buffer_setitem_code(self, rhs, code, op=""):
        # Used from generate_assignment_code and InPlaceAssignmentNode
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        if code.globalstate.directives['nonecheck']:
            self.put_nonecheck(code)
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        ptrexpr = self.buffer_lookup_code(code)
        if self.buffer_type.dtype.is_pyobject:
            # Must manage refcounts. Decref what is already there
            # and incref what we put in.
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            ptr = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(self.buffer_type.buffer_ptr_type, manage_ref=False)
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            rhs_code = rhs.result()
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            code.putln("%s = %s;" % (ptr, ptrexpr))
            code.putln("Py_DECREF(*%s); Py_INCREF(%s);" % (
                ptr, rhs_code
                ))
            code.putln("*%s %s= %s;" % (ptr, op, rhs_code))
            code.funcstate.release_temp(ptr)
        else: 
            # Simple case
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            code.putln("*%s %s= %s;" % (ptrexpr, op, rhs.result()))
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    def generate_assignment_code(self, rhs, code):
        self.generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(code)
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        if self.is_buffer_access:
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            self.generate_buffer_setitem_code(rhs, code)
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        elif self.type.is_pyobject:
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            self.generate_setitem_code(rhs.py_result(), code)
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        else:
            code.putln(
                "%s = %s;" % (
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                    self.result(), rhs.result()))
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        self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
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        rhs.generate_disposal_code(code)
    
    def generate_deletion_code(self, code):
        self.generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(code)
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        #if self.type.is_pyobject:
        if self.index.type.is_int:
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            function = "__Pyx_DelItemInt"
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            index_code = self.index.result()
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            code.globalstate.use_utility_code(delitem_int_utility_code)
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        else:
            index_code = self.index.py_result()
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            if self.base.type is dict_type:
                function = "PyDict_DelItem"
            else:
                function = "PyObject_DelItem"
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        code.putln(
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            "if (%s(%s, %s%s) < 0) %s" % (
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                function,
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                self.base.py_result(),
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                index_code,
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                self.index_unsigned_parameter(),
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                code.error_goto(self.pos)))
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        self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
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    def buffer_lookup_code(self, code):
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        # Assign indices to temps
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        index_temps = [code.funcstate.allocate_temp(i.type, manage_ref=False) for i in self.indices]
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        for temp, index in zip(index_temps, self.indices):
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            code.putln("%s = %s;" % (temp, index.result()))
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        # Generate buffer access code using these temps
        import Buffer
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        # The above could happen because child_attrs is wrong somewhere so that
        # options are not propagated.
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        return Buffer.put_buffer_lookup_code(entry=self.base.entry,
                                             index_signeds=[i.type.signed for i in self.indices],
                                             index_cnames=index_temps,
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                                             options=code.globalstate.directives,
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                                             pos=self.pos, code=code)
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    def put_nonecheck(self, code):
        code.globalstate.use_utility_code(raise_noneindex_error_utility_code)
        code.putln("if (%s) {" % code.unlikely("%s == Py_None") % self.base.result_as(PyrexTypes.py_object_type))
        code.putln("__Pyx_RaiseNoneIndexingError();")
        code.putln(code.error_goto(self.pos))
        code.putln("}")

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class SliceIndexNode(ExprNode):
    #  2-element slice indexing
    #
    #  base      ExprNode
    #  start     ExprNode or None
    #  stop      ExprNode or None
    
    subexprs = ['base', 'start', 'stop']
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        base = self.base.compile_time_value(denv)
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        if self.start is None:
            start = 0
        else:
            start = self.start.compile_time_value(denv)
        if self.stop is None:
            stop = None
        else:
            stop = self.stop.compile_time_value(denv)
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        try:
            return base[start:stop]
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
    
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    def analyse_target_declaration(self, env):
        pass

    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.base.analyse_types(env)
        if self.start:
            self.start.analyse_types(env)
        if self.stop:
            self.stop.analyse_types(env)
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        if self.base.type.is_array or self.base.type.is_ptr:
            # we need a ptr type here instead of an array type, as
            # array types can result in invalid type casts in the C
            # code
            self.type = PyrexTypes.CPtrType(self.base.type.base_type)
        else:
            self.base = self.base.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
            self.type = py_object_type
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        c_int = PyrexTypes.c_py_ssize_t_type
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        if self.start:
            self.start = self.start.coerce_to(c_int, env)
        if self.stop:
            self.stop = self.stop.coerce_to(c_int, env)
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Slicing Python object"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        if not self.type.is_pyobject:
            error(self.pos,
                  "Slicing is not currently supported for '%s'." % self.type)
            return
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        code.putln(
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            "%s = PySequence_GetSlice(%s, %s, %s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.base.py_result(),
                self.start_code(),
                self.stop_code(),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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    def generate_assignment_code(self, rhs, code):
        self.generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(code)
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        if self.type.is_pyobject:
            code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
                "PySequence_SetSlice(%s, %s, %s, %s)" % (
                    self.base.py_result(),
                    self.start_code(),
                    self.stop_code(),
                    rhs.result()))
        else:
            start_offset = ''
            if self.start:
                start_offset = self.start_code()
                if start_offset == '0':
                    start_offset = ''
                else:
                    start_offset += '+'
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            if rhs.type.is_array:
                array_length = rhs.type.size
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                self.generate_slice_guard_code(code, array_length)
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            else:
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                error("Slice assignments from pointers are not yet supported.")
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                # FIXME: fix the array size according to start/stop
                array_length = self.base.type.size
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            for i in range(array_length):
                code.putln("%s[%s%s] = %s[%d];" % (
                        self.base.result(), start_offset, i,
                        rhs.result(), i))
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        self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
        rhs.generate_disposal_code(code)

    def generate_deletion_code(self, code):
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        if not self.type.is_pyobject:
            error(self.pos,
                  "Deleting slices is only supported for Python types, not '%s'." % self.type)
            return
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        self.generate_subexpr_evaluation_code(code)
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        code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos,
            "PySequence_DelSlice(%s, %s, %s)" % (
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                self.base.py_result(),
                self.start_code(),
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                self.stop_code()))
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        self.generate_subexpr_disposal_code(code)
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    def generate_slice_guard_code(self, code, target_size):
        if not self.base.type.is_array:
            return
        slice_size = self.base.type.size
        start = stop = None
        if self.stop:
            stop = self.stop.result()
            try:
                stop = int(stop)
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                if stop < 0:
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                    slice_size = self.base.type.size + stop
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                else:
                    slice_size = stop
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                stop = None
            except ValueError:
                pass
        if self.start:
            start = self.start.result()
            try:
                start = int(start)
                if start < 0:
                    start = self.base.type.size + start
                slice_size -= start
                start = None
            except ValueError:
                pass
        check = None
        if slice_size < 0:
            if target_size > 0:
                error(self.pos, "Assignment to empty slice.")
        elif start is None and stop is None:
            # we know the exact slice length
            if target_size != slice_size:
                error(self.pos, "Assignment to slice of wrong length, expected %d, got %d" % (
                        slice_size, target_size))
        elif start is not None:
            if stop is None:
                stop = slice_size
            check = "(%s)-(%s)" % (stop, start)
        else: # stop is not None:
            check = stop
        if check:
            code.putln("if (unlikely((%s) != %d)) {" % (check, target_size))
            code.putln('PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Assignment to slice of wrong length, expected %%d, got %%d", %d, (%s));' % (
                        target_size, check))
            code.putln(code.error_goto(self.pos))
            code.putln("}")
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    def start_code(self):
        if self.start:
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            return self.start.result()
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        else:
            return "0"
    
    def stop_code(self):
        if self.stop:
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            return self.stop.result()
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        elif self.base.type.is_array:
            return self.base.type.size
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        else:
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            return "PY_SSIZE_T_MAX"
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        # self.result() is not used, but this method must exist
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        return "<unused>"
    

class SliceNode(ExprNode):
    #  start:stop:step in subscript list
    #
    #  start     ExprNode
    #  stop      ExprNode
    #  step      ExprNode
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        start = self.start.compile_time_value(denv)
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        if self.stop is None:
            stop = None
        else:
            stop = self.stop.compile_time_value(denv)
        if self.step is None:
            step = None
        else:
            step = self.step.compile_time_value(denv)
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        try:
            return slice(start, stop, step)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)

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    subexprs = ['start', 'stop', 'step']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.start.analyse_types(env)
        self.stop.analyse_types(env)
        self.step.analyse_types(env)
        self.start = self.start.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.stop = self.stop.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.step = self.step.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python slice object"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        code.putln(
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            "%s = PySlice_New(%s, %s, %s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.start.py_result(), 
                self.stop.py_result(), 
                self.step.py_result(),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class CallNode(ExprNode):
    def gil_check(self, env):
        # Make sure we're not in a nogil environment
        if env.nogil:
            error(self.pos, "Calling gil-requiring function without gil")
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    def analyse_as_type_constructor(self, env):
        type = self.function.analyse_as_type(env)
        if type and type.is_struct_or_union:
            args, kwds = self.explicit_args_kwds()
            items = []
            for arg, member in zip(args, type.scope.var_entries):
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                items.append(DictItemNode(pos=arg.pos, key=IdentifierStringNode(pos=arg.pos, value=member.name), value=arg))
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            if kwds:
                items += kwds.key_value_pairs
            self.key_value_pairs = items
            self.__class__ = DictNode
            self.analyse_types(env)
            self.coerce_to(type, env)
            return True
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class SimpleCallNode(CallNode):
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    #  Function call without keyword, * or ** args.
    #
    #  function       ExprNode
    #  args           [ExprNode]
    #  arg_tuple      ExprNode or None     used internally
    #  self           ExprNode or None     used internally
    #  coerced_self   ExprNode or None     used internally
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    #  wrapper_call   bool                 used internally
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    #  has_optional_args   bool            used internally
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    subexprs = ['self', 'coerced_self', 'function', 'args', 'arg_tuple']
    
    self = None
    coerced_self = None
    arg_tuple = None
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    wrapper_call = False
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    has_optional_args = False
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        function = self.function.compile_time_value(denv)
        args = [arg.compile_time_value(denv) for arg in self.args]
        try:
            return function(*args)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
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    def analyse_as_type(self, env):
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        attr = self.function.as_cython_attribute()
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        if attr == 'pointer':
            if len(self.args) != 1:
                error(self.args.pos, "only one type allowed.")
            else:
                type = self.args[0].analyse_as_type(env)
                if not type:
                    error(self.args[0].pos, "Unknown type")
                else:
                    return PyrexTypes.CPtrType(type)

    def explicit_args_kwds(self):
        return self.args, None
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        if self.analyse_as_type_constructor(env):
            return
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        function = self.function
        function.is_called = 1
        self.function.analyse_types(env)
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        if function.is_attribute and function.is_py_attr and \
           function.attribute == "append" and len(self.args) == 1:
            # L.append(x) is almost always applied to a list
            self.py_func = self.function
            self.function = NameNode(pos=self.function.pos, name="__Pyx_PyObject_Append")
            self.function.analyse_types(env)
            self.self = self.py_func.obj
            function.obj = CloneNode(self.self)
            env.use_utility_code(append_utility_code)
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        if function.is_attribute and function.entry and function.entry.is_cmethod:
            # Take ownership of the object from which the attribute
            # was obtained, because we need to pass it as 'self'.
            self.self = function.obj
            function.obj = CloneNode(self.self)
        func_type = self.function_type()
        if func_type.is_pyobject:
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            self.arg_tuple = TupleNode(self.pos, args = self.args)
            self.arg_tuple.analyse_types(env)
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            self.args = None
            self.type = py_object_type
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            self.gil_check(env)
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            self.is_temp = 1
        else:
            for arg in self.args:
                arg.analyse_types(env)
            if self.self and func_type.args:
                # Coerce 'self' to the type expected by the method.
                expected_type = func_type.args[0].type
                self.coerced_self = CloneNode(self.self).coerce_to(
                    expected_type, env)
                # Insert coerced 'self' argument into argument list.
                self.args.insert(0, self.coerced_self)
            self.analyse_c_function_call(env)
    
    def function_type(self):
        # Return the type of the function being called, coercing a function
        # pointer to a function if necessary.
        func_type = self.function.type
        if func_type.is_ptr:
            func_type = func_type.base_type
        return func_type
    
    def analyse_c_function_call(self, env):
        func_type = self.function_type()
        # Check function type
        if not func_type.is_cfunction:
            if not func_type.is_error:
                error(self.pos, "Calling non-function type '%s'" %
                    func_type)
            self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
            self.result_code = "<error>"
            return
        # Check no. of args
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        max_nargs = len(func_type.args)
        expected_nargs = max_nargs - func_type.optional_arg_count
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        actual_nargs = len(self.args)
        if actual_nargs < expected_nargs \
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            or (not func_type.has_varargs and actual_nargs > max_nargs):
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                expected_str = str(expected_nargs)
                if func_type.has_varargs:
                    expected_str = "at least " + expected_str
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                elif func_type.optional_arg_count:
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                    if actual_nargs < max_nargs:
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                        expected_str = "at least " + expected_str
                    else:
                        expected_str = "at most " + str(max_nargs)
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                error(self.pos, 
                    "Call with wrong number of arguments (expected %s, got %s)"
                        % (expected_str, actual_nargs))
                self.args = None
                self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
                self.result_code = "<error>"
                return
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        if func_type.optional_arg_count and expected_nargs != actual_nargs:
            self.has_optional_args = 1
            self.is_temp = 1
            self.opt_arg_struct = env.allocate_temp(func_type.op_arg_struct.base_type)
            env.release_temp(self.opt_arg_struct)
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        # Coerce arguments
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        for i in range(min(max_nargs, actual_nargs)):
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            formal_type = func_type.args[i].type
            self.args[i] = self.args[i].coerce_to(formal_type, env)
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        for i in range(max_nargs, actual_nargs):
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            if self.args[i].type.is_pyobject:
                error(self.args[i].pos, 
                    "Python object cannot be passed as a varargs parameter")
        # Calc result type and code fragment
        self.type = func_type.return_type
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        if self.type.is_pyobject \
            or func_type.exception_value is not None \
            or func_type.exception_check:
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                self.is_temp = 1
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                if self.type.is_pyobject:
                    self.result_ctype = py_object_type
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        # C++ exception handler
        if func_type.exception_check == '+':
            if func_type.exception_value is None:
                env.use_utility_code(cpp_exception_utility_code)
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        # Check gil
        if not func_type.nogil:
            self.gil_check(env)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return self.c_call_code()
    
    def c_call_code(self):
        func_type = self.function_type()
        if self.args is None or not func_type.is_cfunction:
            return "<error>"
        formal_args = func_type.args
        arg_list_code = []
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        args = zip(formal_args, self.args)
        max_nargs = len(func_type.args)
        expected_nargs = max_nargs - func_type.optional_arg_count
        actual_nargs = len(self.args)
        for formal_arg, actual_arg in args[:expected_nargs]:
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                arg_code = actual_arg.result_as(formal_arg.type)
                arg_list_code.append(arg_code)
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        if func_type.is_overridable:
            arg_list_code.append(str(int(self.wrapper_call or self.function.entry.is_unbound_cmethod)))
                
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        if func_type.optional_arg_count:
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            if expected_nargs == actual_nargs:
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                optional_args = 'NULL'
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            else:
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                optional_args = "&%s" % self.opt_arg_struct
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            arg_list_code.append(optional_args)
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        for actual_arg in self.args[len(formal_args):]:
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            arg_list_code.append(actual_arg.result())
        result = "%s(%s)" % (self.function.result(),
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            join(arg_list_code, ", "))
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#        if self.wrapper_call or \
#                self.function.entry.is_unbound_cmethod and self.function.entry.type.is_overridable:
#            result = "(%s = 1, %s)" % (Naming.skip_dispatch_cname, result)
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        return result
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        func_type = self.function_type()
        if func_type.is_pyobject:
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            arg_code = self.arg_tuple.py_result()
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            code.putln(
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                "%s = PyObject_Call(%s, %s, NULL); %s" % (
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                    self.result(),
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                    self.function.py_result(),
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                    arg_code,
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                    code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        elif func_type.is_cfunction:
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            if self.has_optional_args:
                actual_nargs = len(self.args)
                expected_nargs = len(func_type.args) - func_type.optional_arg_count
                code.putln("%s.%s = %s;" % (
                        self.opt_arg_struct,
                        Naming.pyrex_prefix + "n",
                        len(self.args) - expected_nargs))
                args = zip(func_type.args, self.args)
                for formal_arg, actual_arg in args[expected_nargs:actual_nargs]:
                    code.putln("%s.%s = %s;" % (
                            self.opt_arg_struct,
                            formal_arg.name,
                            actual_arg.result_as(formal_arg.type)))
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            exc_checks = []
            if self.type.is_pyobject:
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                exc_checks.append("!%s" % self.result())
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            else:
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                exc_val = func_type.exception_value
                exc_check = func_type.exception_check
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                if exc_val is not None:
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                    exc_checks.append("%s == %s" % (self.result(), exc_val))
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                if exc_check:
                    exc_checks.append("PyErr_Occurred()")
            if self.is_temp or exc_checks:
                rhs = self.c_call_code()
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                if self.result():
                    lhs = "%s = " % self.result()
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                    if self.is_temp and self.type.is_pyobject:
                        #return_type = self.type # func_type.return_type
                        #print "SimpleCallNode.generate_result_code: casting", rhs, \
                        #	"from", return_type, "to pyobject" ###
                        rhs = typecast(py_object_type, self.type, rhs)
                else:
                    lhs = ""
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                if func_type.exception_check == '+':
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                    if func_type.exception_value is None:
                        raise_py_exception = "__Pyx_CppExn2PyErr()"
                    elif func_type.exception_value.type.is_pyobject:
                        raise_py_exception = 'PyErr_SetString(%s, "")' % func_type.exception_value.entry.cname
                    else:
                        raise_py_exception = '%s(); if (!PyErr_Occurred()) PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError , "Error converting c++ exception.")' % func_type.exception_value.entry.cname
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                    code.putln(
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                    "try {%s%s;} catch(...) {%s; %s}" % (
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                        lhs,
                        rhs,
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                        raise_py_exception,
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                        code.error_goto(self.pos)))
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                else:
                    if exc_checks:
                        goto_error = code.error_goto_if(" && ".join(exc_checks), self.pos)
                    else:
                        goto_error = ""
                    code.putln("%s%s; %s" % (lhs, rhs, goto_error))
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class GeneralCallNode(CallNode):
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    #  General Python function call, including keyword,
    #  * and ** arguments.
    #
    #  function         ExprNode
    #  positional_args  ExprNode          Tuple of positional arguments
    #  keyword_args     ExprNode or None  Dict of keyword arguments
    #  starstar_arg     ExprNode or None  Dict of extra keyword args
    
    subexprs = ['function', 'positional_args', 'keyword_args', 'starstar_arg']

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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        function = self.function.compile_time_value(denv)
        positional_args = self.positional_args.compile_time_value(denv)
        keyword_args = self.keyword_args.compile_time_value(denv)
        starstar_arg = self.starstar_arg.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            keyword_args.update(starstar_arg)
            return function(*positional_args, **keyword_args)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
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    def explicit_args_kwds(self):
        if self.starstar_arg or not isinstance(self.positional_args, TupleNode):
            raise PostParseError(self.pos,
                'Compile-time keyword arguments must be explicit.')
        return self.positional_args.args, self.keyword_args
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        if self.analyse_as_type_constructor(env):
            return
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        self.function.analyse_types(env)
        self.positional_args.analyse_types(env)
        if self.keyword_args:
            self.keyword_args.analyse_types(env)
        if self.starstar_arg:
            self.starstar_arg.analyse_types(env)
        self.function = self.function.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.positional_args = \
            self.positional_args.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        if self.starstar_arg:
            self.starstar_arg = \
                self.starstar_arg.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
        
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.keyword_args and self.starstar_arg:
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            code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
                "PyDict_Update(%s, %s)" % (
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                    self.keyword_args.py_result(), 
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                    self.starstar_arg.py_result()))
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            keyword_code = self.keyword_args.py_result()
        elif self.keyword_args:
            keyword_code = self.keyword_args.py_result()
        elif self.starstar_arg:
            keyword_code = self.starstar_arg.py_result()
        else:
            keyword_code = None
        if not keyword_code:
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            call_code = "PyObject_Call(%s, %s, NULL)" % (
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                self.function.py_result(),
                self.positional_args.py_result())
        else:
            call_code = "PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(%s, %s, %s)" % (
                self.function.py_result(),
                self.positional_args.py_result(),
                keyword_code)
        code.putln(
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            "%s = %s; %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                call_code,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class AsTupleNode(ExprNode):
    #  Convert argument to tuple. Used for normalising
    #  the * argument of a function call.
    #
    #  arg    ExprNode
    
    subexprs = ['arg']
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        arg = self.arg.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            return tuple(arg)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)

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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.arg.analyse_types(env)
        self.arg = self.arg.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
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        self.type = tuple_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python tuple"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        code.putln(
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            "%s = PySequence_Tuple(%s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.arg.py_result(),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class AttributeNode(ExprNode):
    #  obj.attribute
    #
    #  obj          ExprNode
    #  attribute    string
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    #  needs_none_check boolean        Used if obj is an extension type.
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    #                                  If set to True, it is known that the type is not None.
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    #
    #  Used internally:
    #
    #  is_py_attr           boolean   Is a Python getattr operation
    #  member               string    C name of struct member
    #  is_called            boolean   Function call is being done on result
    #  entry                Entry     Symbol table entry of attribute
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    #  interned_attr_cname  string    C name of interned attribute name
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    is_attribute = 1
    subexprs = ['obj']
    
    type = PyrexTypes.error_type
    entry = None
    is_called = 0
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    needs_none_check = True
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    def as_cython_attribute(self):
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        if isinstance(self.obj, NameNode) and self.obj.is_cython_module:
            return self.attribute

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    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
        #  If coercing to a generic pyobject and this is a cpdef function
        #  we can create the corresponding attribute
        if dst_type is py_object_type:
            entry = self.entry
            if entry and entry.is_cfunction and entry.as_variable:
                # must be a cpdef function
                self.is_temp = 1
                self.entry = entry.as_variable
                self.analyse_as_python_attribute(env) 
                return self
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        return ExprNode.coerce_to(self, dst_type, env)
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        attr = self.attribute
        if attr.beginswith("__") and attr.endswith("__"):
            self.error("Invalid attribute name '%s' in compile-time expression"
                % attr)
            return None
        obj = self.arg.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            return getattr(obj, attr)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)

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    def analyse_target_declaration(self, env):
        pass
    
    def analyse_target_types(self, env):
        self.analyse_types(env, target = 1)
    
    def analyse_types(self, env, target = 0):
        if self.analyse_as_cimported_attribute(env, target):
            return
        if not target and self.analyse_as_unbound_cmethod(env):
            return
        self.analyse_as_ordinary_attribute(env, target)
    
    def analyse_as_cimported_attribute(self, env, target):
        # Try to interpret this as a reference to an imported
        # C const, type, var or function. If successful, mutates
        # this node into a NameNode and returns 1, otherwise
        # returns 0.
        module_scope = self.obj.analyse_as_module(env)
        if module_scope:
            entry = module_scope.lookup_here(self.attribute)
            if entry and (
                entry.is_cglobal or entry.is_cfunction
                or entry.is_type or entry.is_const):
                    self.mutate_into_name_node(env, entry, target)
                    return 1
        return 0
    
    def analyse_as_unbound_cmethod(self, env):
        # Try to interpret this as a reference to an unbound
        # C method of an extension type. If successful, mutates
        # this node into a NameNode and returns 1, otherwise
        # returns 0.
        type = self.obj.analyse_as_extension_type(env)
        if type:
            entry = type.scope.lookup_here(self.attribute)
            if entry and entry.is_cmethod:
                # Create a temporary entry describing the C method
                # as an ordinary function.
                ubcm_entry = Symtab.Entry(entry.name,
                    "%s->%s" % (type.vtabptr_cname, entry.cname),
                    entry.type)
                ubcm_entry.is_cfunction = 1
                ubcm_entry.func_cname = entry.func_cname
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                ubcm_entry.is_unbound_cmethod = 1
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                self.mutate_into_name_node(env, ubcm_entry, None)
                return 1
        return 0
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    def analyse_as_type(self, env):
        module_scope = self.obj.analyse_as_module(env)
        if module_scope:
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            return module_scope.lookup_type(self.attribute)
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        return None
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    def analyse_as_extension_type(self, env):
        # Try to interpret this as a reference to an extension type
        # in a cimported module. Returns the extension type, or None.
        module_scope = self.obj.analyse_as_module(env)
        if module_scope:
            entry = module_scope.lookup_here(self.attribute)
            if entry and entry.is_type and entry.type.is_extension_type:
                return entry.type
        return None
    
    def analyse_as_module(self, env):
        # Try to interpret this as a reference to a cimported module
        # in another cimported module. Returns the module scope, or None.
        module_scope = self.obj.analyse_as_module(env)
        if module_scope:
            entry = module_scope.lookup_here(self.attribute)
            if entry and entry.as_module:
                return entry.as_module
        return None
                
    def mutate_into_name_node(self, env, entry, target):
        # Mutate this node into a NameNode and complete the
        # analyse_types phase.
        self.__class__ = NameNode
        self.name = self.attribute
        self.entry = entry
        del self.obj
        del self.attribute
        if target:
            NameNode.analyse_target_types(self, env)
        else:
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            NameNode.analyse_rvalue_entry(self, env)
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    def analyse_as_ordinary_attribute(self, env, target):
        self.obj.analyse_types(env)
        self.analyse_attribute(env)
        if self.entry and self.entry.is_cmethod and not self.is_called:
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#            error(self.pos, "C method can only be called")
            pass
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        ## Reference to C array turns into pointer to first element.
        #while self.type.is_array:
        #	self.type = self.type.element_ptr_type()
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        if self.is_py_attr:
            if not target:
                self.is_temp = 1
                self.result_ctype = py_object_type
    
    def analyse_attribute(self, env):
        # Look up attribute and set self.type and self.member.
        self.is_py_attr = 0
        self.member = self.attribute
        if self.obj.type.is_string:
            self.obj = self.obj.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        obj_type = self.obj.type
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        if obj_type.is_ptr or obj_type.is_array:
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            obj_type = obj_type.base_type
            self.op = "->"
        elif obj_type.is_extension_type:
            self.op = "->"
        else:
            self.op = "."
        if obj_type.has_attributes:
            entry = None
            if obj_type.attributes_known():
                entry = obj_type.scope.lookup_here(self.attribute)
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                if entry and entry.is_member:
                    entry = None
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            else:
                error(self.pos, 
                    "Cannot select attribute of incomplete type '%s'" 
                    % obj_type)
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                self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
                return
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            self.entry = entry
            if entry:
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                if obj_type.is_extension_type and entry.name == "__weakref__":
                    error(self.pos, "Illegal use of special attribute __weakref__")
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                # methods need the normal attribute lookup
                # because they do not have struct entries
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                if entry.is_variable or entry.is_cmethod:
                    self.type = entry.type
                    self.member = entry.cname
                    return
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                else:
                    # If it's not a variable or C method, it must be a Python
                    # method of an extension type, so we treat it like a Python
                    # attribute.
                    pass
        # If we get here, the base object is not a struct/union/extension 
        # type, or it is an extension type and the attribute is either not
        # declared or is declared as a Python method. Treat it as a Python
        # attribute reference.
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        self.analyse_as_python_attribute(env)
                    
    def analyse_as_python_attribute(self, env):
        obj_type = self.obj.type
        self.member = self.attribute
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        if obj_type.is_pyobject:
            self.type = py_object_type
            self.is_py_attr = 1
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            self.interned_attr_cname = env.intern_identifier(self.attribute)
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            self.gil_check(env)
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        else:
            if not obj_type.is_error:
                error(self.pos, 
                    "Object of type '%s' has no attribute '%s'" %
                    (obj_type, self.attribute))
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    gil_message = "Accessing Python attribute"

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    def is_simple(self):
        if self.obj:
            return self.result_in_temp() or self.obj.is_simple()
        else:
            return NameNode.is_simple(self)

    def is_lvalue(self):
        if self.obj:
            return 1
        else:
            return NameNode.is_lvalue(self)
    
    def is_ephemeral(self):
        if self.obj:
            return self.obj.is_ephemeral()
        else:
            return NameNode.is_ephemeral(self)
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        #print "AttributeNode.calculate_result_code:", self.member ###
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        #print "...obj node =", self.obj, "code", self.obj.result() ###
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        #print "...obj type", self.obj.type, "ctype", self.obj.ctype() ###
        obj = self.obj
        obj_code = obj.result_as(obj.type)
        #print "...obj_code =", obj_code ###
        if self.entry and self.entry.is_cmethod:
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            if obj.type.is_extension_type:
                return "((struct %s *)%s%s%s)->%s" % (
                    obj.type.vtabstruct_cname, obj_code, self.op, 
                    obj.type.vtabslot_cname, self.member)
            else:
                return self.member
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        else:
            return "%s%s%s" % (obj_code, self.op, self.member)
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.is_py_attr:
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            code.putln(
                '%s = PyObject_GetAttr(%s, %s); %s' % (
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                    self.result(),
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                    self.obj.py_result(),
                    self.interned_attr_cname,
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                    code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        else:
            # result_code contains what is needed, but we may need to insert
            # a check and raise an exception
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            if (self.obj.type.is_extension_type
                  and self.needs_none_check
                  and code.globalstate.directives['nonecheck']):
                self.put_nonecheck(code)
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    def generate_assignment_code(self, rhs, code):
        self.obj.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        if self.is_py_attr:
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            code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
                'PyObject_SetAttr(%s, %s, %s)' % (
                    self.obj.py_result(),
                    self.interned_attr_cname,
                    rhs.py_result()))
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            rhs.generate_disposal_code(code)
        else:
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            if (self.obj.type.is_extension_type
                  and self.needs_none_check
                  and code.globalstate.directives['nonecheck']):
                self.put_nonecheck(code)

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            select_code = self.result()
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            if self.type.is_pyobject:
                rhs.make_owned_reference(code)
                code.put_decref(select_code, self.ctype())
            code.putln(
                "%s = %s;" % (
                    select_code,
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                    rhs.result_as(self.ctype())))
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                    #rhs.result()))
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            rhs.generate_post_assignment_code(code)
        self.obj.generate_disposal_code(code)
    
    def generate_deletion_code(self, code):
        self.obj.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        if self.is_py_attr:
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            code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos,
                'PyObject_DelAttr(%s, %s)' % (
                    self.obj.py_result(),
                    self.interned_attr_cname))
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        else:
            error(self.pos, "Cannot delete C attribute of extension type")
        self.obj.generate_disposal_code(code)
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    def annotate(self, code):
        if self.is_py_attr:
            code.annotate(self.pos, AnnotationItem('py_attr', 'python attribute', size=len(self.attribute)))
        else:
            code.annotate(self.pos, AnnotationItem('c_attr', 'c attribute', size=len(self.attribute)))
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    def put_nonecheck(self, code):
        code.globalstate.use_utility_code(raise_noneattr_error_utility_code)
        code.putln("if (%s) {" % code.unlikely("%s == Py_None") % self.obj.result_as(PyrexTypes.py_object_type))
        code.putln("__Pyx_RaiseNoneAttributeError(\"%s\");" % self.attribute.encode("UTF-8")) # todo: fix encoding
        code.putln(code.error_goto(self.pos))
        code.putln("}")


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#-------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#  Constructor nodes
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------

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class SequenceNode(NewTempExprNode):
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    #  Base class for list and tuple constructor nodes.
    #  Contains common code for performing sequence unpacking.
    #
    #  args                    [ExprNode]
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    #  iterator                ExprNode
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    #  unpacked_items          [ExprNode] or None
    #  coerced_unpacked_items  [ExprNode] or None
    
    subexprs = ['args']
    
    is_sequence_constructor = 1
    unpacked_items = None
    
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    def compile_time_value_list(self, denv):
        return [arg.compile_time_value(denv) for arg in self.args]

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    def analyse_target_declaration(self, env):
        for arg in self.args:
            arg.analyse_target_declaration(env)

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    def analyse_types(self, env, skip_children=False):
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        for i in range(len(self.args)):
            arg = self.args[i]
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            if not skip_children: arg.analyse_types(env)
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            self.args[i] = arg.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    def analyse_target_types(self, env):
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        self.iterator = PyTempNode(self.pos, env)
        self.unpacked_items = []
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        self.coerced_unpacked_items = []
        for arg in self.args:
            arg.analyse_target_types(env)
            unpacked_item = PyTempNode(self.pos, env)
            coerced_unpacked_item = unpacked_item.coerce_to(arg.type, env)
            self.unpacked_items.append(unpacked_item)
            self.coerced_unpacked_items.append(coerced_unpacked_item)
        self.type = py_object_type
        env.use_utility_code(unpacking_utility_code)
    
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    def allocate_target_temps(self, env, rhs):
        self.iterator.allocate_temps(env)
        for arg, node in zip(self.args, self.coerced_unpacked_items):
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            node.allocate_temps(env)
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            arg.allocate_target_temps(env, None)
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            #arg.release_target_temp(env)
            #node.release_temp(env)
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        if rhs:
            rhs.release_temp(env)
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        self.iterator.release_temp(env)
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        for node in self.coerced_unpacked_items:
            node.release_temp(env)

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#	def release_target_temp(self, env):
#		#for arg in self.args:
#		#	arg.release_target_temp(env)
#		#for node in self.coerced_unpacked_items:
#		#	node.release_temp(env)
#		self.iterator.release_temp(env)
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        self.generate_operation_code(code)
    
    def generate_assignment_code(self, rhs, code):
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        code.putln(
            "if (PyTuple_CheckExact(%s) && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(%s) == %s) {" % (
                rhs.py_result(), 
                rhs.py_result(), 
                len(self.args)))
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        code.putln("PyObject* tuple = %s;" % rhs.py_result())
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        for i in range(len(self.args)):
            item = self.unpacked_items[i]
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            code.put(
                "%s = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, %s); " % (
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                    item.result(),
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                    i))
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            code.put_incref(item.result(), item.ctype())
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            value_node = self.coerced_unpacked_items[i]
            value_node.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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        rhs.generate_disposal_code(code)
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        code.putln("} else {")
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        code.putln(
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            "%s = PyObject_GetIter(%s); %s" % (
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                self.iterator.result(),
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                rhs.py_result(),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.iterator.result(), self.pos)))
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        rhs.generate_disposal_code(code)
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        for i in range(len(self.args)):
            item = self.unpacked_items[i]
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            unpack_code = "__Pyx_UnpackItem(%s, %d)" % (
                self.iterator.py_result(), i)
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            code.putln(
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                "%s = %s; %s" % (
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                    item.result(),
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                    typecast(item.ctype(), py_object_type, unpack_code),
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                    code.error_goto_if_null(item.result(), self.pos)))
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            value_node = self.coerced_unpacked_items[i]
            value_node.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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        code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
            "__Pyx_EndUnpack(%s)" % (
                self.iterator.py_result()))
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        if debug_disposal_code:
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            print("UnpackNode.generate_assignment_code:")
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            print("...generating disposal code for %s" % self.iterator)
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        self.iterator.generate_disposal_code(code)
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        code.putln("}")
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        for i in range(len(self.args)):
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            self.args[i].generate_assignment_code(
                self.coerced_unpacked_items[i], code)
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    def annotate(self, code):
        for arg in self.args:
            arg.annotate(code)
        if self.unpacked_items:
            for arg in self.unpacked_items:
                arg.annotate(code)
            for arg in self.coerced_unpacked_items:
                arg.annotate(code)
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class TupleNode(SequenceNode):
    #  Tuple constructor.
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python tuple"

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    def analyse_types(self, env, skip_children=False):
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        if len(self.args) == 0:
            self.is_temp = 0
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            self.is_literal = 1
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        else:
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            SequenceNode.analyse_types(self, env, skip_children)
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        self.type = tuple_type
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        if len(self.args) > 0:
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            error(self.pos, "Positive length tuples must be constructed.")
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        else:
            return Naming.empty_tuple
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        values = self.compile_time_value_list(denv)
        try:
            return tuple(values)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
    
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    def generate_operation_code(self, code):
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        if len(self.args) == 0:
            # result_code is Naming.empty_tuple
            return
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        code.putln(
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            "%s = PyTuple_New(%s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                len(self.args),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        for i in range(len(self.args)):
            arg = self.args[i]
            if not arg.result_in_temp():
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                code.put_incref(arg.result(), arg.ctype())
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            code.putln(
                "PyTuple_SET_ITEM(%s, %s, %s);" % (
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                    self.result(),
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                    i,
                    arg.py_result()))
    
    def generate_subexpr_disposal_code(self, code):
        # We call generate_post_assignment_code here instead
        # of generate_disposal_code, because values were stored
        # in the tuple using a reference-stealing operation.
        for arg in self.args:
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            arg.generate_post_assignment_code(code)	
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class ListNode(SequenceNode):
    #  List constructor.
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    # obj_conversion_errors    [PyrexError]   used internally
    # orignial_args            [ExprNode]     used internally
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python list"

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    def analyse_expressions(self, env):
        ExprNode.analyse_expressions(self, env)
        self.coerce_to_pyobject(env)

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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        hold_errors()
        self.original_args = list(self.args)
        SequenceNode.analyse_types(self, env)
        self.type = list_type
        self.obj_conversion_errors = held_errors()
        release_errors(ignore=True)
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    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
        if dst_type.is_pyobject:
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            for err in self.obj_conversion_errors:
                report_error(err)
            self.obj_conversion_errors = []
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            if not self.type.subtype_of(dst_type):
                error(self.pos, "Cannot coerce list to type '%s'" % dst_type)
        elif dst_type.is_ptr:
            base_type = dst_type.base_type
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            self.type = PyrexTypes.CArrayType(base_type, len(self.args))
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            for i in range(len(self.original_args)):
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                arg = self.args[i]
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                if isinstance(arg, CoerceToPyTypeNode):
                    arg = arg.arg
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                self.args[i] = arg.coerce_to(base_type, env)
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        elif dst_type.is_struct:
            if len(self.args) > len(dst_type.scope.var_entries):
                error(self.pos, "Too may members for '%s'" % dst_type)
            else:
                if len(self.args) < len(dst_type.scope.var_entries):
                    warning(self.pos, "Too few members for '%s'" % dst_type, 1)
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                for i, (arg, member) in enumerate(zip(self.original_args, dst_type.scope.var_entries)):
                    if isinstance(arg, CoerceToPyTypeNode):
                        arg = arg.arg
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                    self.args[i] = arg.coerce_to(member.type, env)
            self.type = dst_type
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        else:
            self.type = error_type
            error(self.pos, "Cannot coerce list to type '%s'" % dst_type)
        return self
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    def release_temp(self, env):
        if self.type.is_array:
            # To be valid C++, we must allocate the memory on the stack 
            # manually and be sure not to reuse it for something else. 
            pass
        else:
            SequenceNode.release_temp(self, env)
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        return self.compile_time_value_list(denv)

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    def generate_operation_code(self, code):
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        if self.type.is_pyobject:
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            for err in self.obj_conversion_errors:
                report_error(err)
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            code.putln("%s = PyList_New(%s); %s" %
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                (self.result(),
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                len(self.args),
                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
            for i in range(len(self.args)):
                arg = self.args[i]
                #if not arg.is_temp:
                if not arg.result_in_temp():
                    code.put_incref(arg.result(), arg.ctype())
                code.putln("PyList_SET_ITEM(%s, %s, %s);" %
                    (self.result(),
                    i,
                    arg.py_result()))
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        elif self.type.is_array:
            for i, arg in enumerate(self.args):
                code.putln("%s[%s] = %s;" % (
                                self.result(),
                                i,
                                arg.result()))
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        elif self.type.is_struct:
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            for arg, member in zip(self.args, self.type.scope.var_entries):
                code.putln("%s.%s = %s;" % (
                        self.result(),
                        member.cname,
                        arg.result()))
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        else:
            raise InternalError("List type never specified")
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    def generate_subexpr_disposal_code(self, code):
        # We call generate_post_assignment_code here instead
        # of generate_disposal_code, because values were stored
        # in the list using a reference-stealing operation.
        for arg in self.args:
            arg.generate_post_assignment_code(code)		

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class ListComprehensionNode(SequenceNode):

    subexprs = []
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    is_sequence_constructor = 0 # not unpackable
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    child_attrs = ["loop", "append"]

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    def analyse_types(self, env): 
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        self.type = list_type
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        self.is_temp = 1
        self.append.target = self # this is a CloneNode used in the PyList_Append in the inner loop
        
    def allocate_temps(self, env, result = None): 
        if debug_temp_alloc:
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            print("%s Allocating temps" % self)
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        self.allocate_temp(env, result)
        self.loop.analyse_declarations(env)
        self.loop.analyse_expressions(env)
        
    def generate_operation_code(self, code):
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        code.putln("%s = PyList_New(%s); %s" %
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            (self.result(),
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            0,
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            code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        self.loop.generate_execution_code(code)
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    def annotate(self, code):
        self.loop.annotate(code)
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class ListComprehensionAppendNode(ExprNode):

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    # Need to be careful to avoid infinite recursion:
    # target must not be in child_attrs/subexprs
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    subexprs = ['expr']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.expr.analyse_types(env)
        if self.expr.type != py_object_type:
            self.expr = self.expr.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.type = PyrexTypes.c_int_type
        self.is_temp = 1
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
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        code.putln("%s = PyList_Append(%s, (PyObject*)%s); %s" %
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            (self.result(),
            self.target.result(),
            self.expr.result(),
            code.error_goto_if(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class DictNode(ExprNode):
    #  Dictionary constructor.
    #
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    #  key_value_pairs  [DictItemNode]
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    #
    # obj_conversion_errors    [PyrexError]   used internally
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    subexprs = ['key_value_pairs']
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
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        pairs = [(item.key.compile_time_value(denv), item.value.compile_time_value(denv))
            for item in self.key_value_pairs]
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        try:
            return dict(pairs)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
    
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        hold_errors()
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        self.type = dict_type
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        for item in self.key_value_pairs:
            item.analyse_types(env)
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.obj_conversion_errors = held_errors()
        release_errors(ignore=True)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    def coerce_to(self, dst_type, env):
        if dst_type.is_pyobject:
            self.release_errors()
            if not self.type.subtype_of(dst_type):
                error(self.pos, "Cannot interpret dict as type '%s'" % dst_type)
        elif dst_type.is_struct_or_union:
            self.type = dst_type
            if not dst_type.is_struct and len(self.key_value_pairs) != 1:
                error(self.pos, "Exactly one field must be specified to convert to union '%s'" % dst_type)
            elif dst_type.is_struct and len(self.key_value_pairs) < len(dst_type.scope.var_entries):
                warning(self.pos, "Not all members given for struct '%s'" % dst_type, 1)
            for item in self.key_value_pairs:
                if isinstance(item.key, CoerceToPyTypeNode):
                    item.key = item.key.arg
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                if not isinstance(item.key, (StringNode, IdentifierStringNode)):
                    error(item.key.pos, "Invalid struct field identifier")
                    item.key = IdentifierStringNode(item.key.pos, value="<error>")
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                else:
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                    member = dst_type.scope.lookup_here(item.key.value)
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                    if not member:
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                        error(item.key.pos, "struct '%s' has no field '%s'" % (dst_type, item.key.value))
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                    else:
                        value = item.value
                        if isinstance(value, CoerceToPyTypeNode):
                            value = value.arg
                        item.value = value.coerce_to(member.type, env)
        else:
            self.type = error_type
            error(self.pos, "Cannot interpret dict as type '%s'" % dst_type)
        return self
    
    def release_errors(self):
        for err in self.obj_conversion_errors:
            report_error(err)
        self.obj_conversion_errors = []
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python dict"

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    def allocate_temps(self, env, result = None):
        #  Custom method used here because key-value
        #  pairs are evaluated and used one at a time.
        self.allocate_temp(env, result)
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        for item in self.key_value_pairs:
            item.key.allocate_temps(env)
            item.value.allocate_temps(env)
            item.key.release_temp(env)
            item.value.release_temp(env)
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    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        #  Custom method used here because key-value
        #  pairs are evaluated and used one at a time.
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        if self.type.is_pyobject:
            self.release_errors()
            code.putln(
                "%s = PyDict_New(); %s" % (
                    self.result(),
                    code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        for item in self.key_value_pairs:
            item.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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            if self.type.is_pyobject:
                code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
                    "PyDict_SetItem(%s, %s, %s)" % (
                        self.result(),
                        item.key.py_result(),
                        item.value.py_result()))
            else:
                code.putln("%s.%s = %s;" % (
                        self.result(),
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                        item.key.value,
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                        item.value.result()))
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            item.generate_disposal_code(code)
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    def annotate(self, code):
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        for item in self.key_value_pairs:
            item.annotate(code)
            
class DictItemNode(ExprNode):
    # Represents a single item in a DictNode
    #
    # key          ExprNode
    # value        ExprNode
    subexprs = ['key', 'value']
            
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.key.analyse_types(env)
        self.value.analyse_types(env)
        self.key = self.key.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.value = self.value.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        
    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        self.key.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        self.value.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        
    def generate_disposal_code(self, code):
        self.key.generate_disposal_code(code)
        self.value.generate_disposal_code(code)
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    def __iter__(self):
        return iter([self.key, self.value])
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class ClassNode(ExprNode):
    #  Helper class used in the implementation of Python
    #  class definitions. Constructs a class object given
    #  a name, tuple of bases and class dictionary.
    #
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    #  name         EncodedString      Name of the class
    #  cname        string             Class name as a Python string
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    #  bases        ExprNode           Base class tuple
    #  dict         ExprNode           Class dict (not owned by this node)
    #  doc          ExprNode or None   Doc string
    #  module_name  string             Name of defining module
    
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    subexprs = ['bases', 'doc']

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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        self.cname = env.intern_identifier(self.name)
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        self.bases.analyse_types(env)
        if self.doc:
            self.doc.analyse_types(env)
            self.doc = self.doc.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.module_name = env.global_scope().qualified_name
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
        env.use_utility_code(create_class_utility_code);
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python class"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.doc:
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            code.put_error_if_neg(self.pos, 
                'PyDict_SetItemString(%s, "__doc__", %s)' % (
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                    self.dict.py_result(),
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                    self.doc.py_result()))
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        code.putln(
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            '%s = __Pyx_CreateClass(%s, %s, %s, "%s"); %s' % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.bases.py_result(),
                self.dict.py_result(),
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                self.cname,
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                self.module_name,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class UnboundMethodNode(ExprNode):
    #  Helper class used in the implementation of Python
    #  class definitions. Constructs an unbound method
    #  object from a class and a function.
    #
    #  class_cname   string     C var holding the class object
    #  function      ExprNode   Function object
    
    subexprs = ['function']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.function.analyse_types(env)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Constructing an unbound method"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        code.putln(
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            "%s = PyMethod_New(%s, 0, %s); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.function.py_result(),
                self.class_cname,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class PyCFunctionNode(AtomicNewTempExprNode):
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    #  Helper class used in the implementation of Python
    #  class definitions. Constructs a PyCFunction object
    #  from a PyMethodDef struct.
    #
    #  pymethdef_cname   string   PyMethodDef structure
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Constructing Python function"

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        code.putln(
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            "%s = PyCFunction_New(&%s, 0); %s" % (
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                self.result(),
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                self.pymethdef_cname,
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#  Unary operator nodes
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------

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compile_time_unary_operators = {
    'not': operator.not_,
    '~': operator.inv,
    '-': operator.neg,
    '+': operator.pos,
}

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class UnopNode(ExprNode):
    #  operator     string
    #  operand      ExprNode
    #
    #  Processing during analyse_expressions phase:
    #
    #    analyse_c_operation
    #      Called when the operand is not a pyobject.
    #      - Check operand type and coerce if needed.
    #      - Determine result type and result code fragment.
    #      - Allocate temporary for result if needed.
    
    subexprs = ['operand']
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        func = compile_time_unary_operators.get(self.operator)
        if not func:
            error(self.pos,
                "Unary '%s' not supported in compile-time expression"
                    % self.operator)
        operand = self.operand.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            return func(operand)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)

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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.operand.analyse_types(env)
        if self.is_py_operation():
            self.coerce_operand_to_pyobject(env)
            self.type = py_object_type
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            self.gil_check(env)
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            self.is_temp = 1
        else:
            self.analyse_c_operation(env)
    
    def check_const(self):
        self.operand.check_const()
    
    def is_py_operation(self):
        return self.operand.type.is_pyobject
    
    def coerce_operand_to_pyobject(self, env):
        self.operand = self.operand.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.operand.type.is_pyobject:
            self.generate_py_operation_code(code)
        else:
            if self.is_temp:
                self.generate_c_operation_code(code)
    
    def generate_py_operation_code(self, code):
        function = self.py_operation_function()
        code.putln(
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            "%s = %s(%s); %s" % (
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                self.result(), 
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                function, 
                self.operand.py_result(),
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                code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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    def type_error(self):
        if not self.operand.type.is_error:
            error(self.pos, "Invalid operand type for '%s' (%s)" %
                (self.operator, self.operand.type))
        self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type


class NotNode(ExprNode):
    #  'not' operator
    #
    #  operand   ExprNode
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        operand = self.operand.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            return not operand
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)

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    subexprs = ['operand']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.operand.analyse_types(env)
        self.operand = self.operand.coerce_to_boolean(env)
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        self.type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "(!%s)" % self.operand.result()
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass


class UnaryPlusNode(UnopNode):
    #  unary '+' operator
    
    operator = '+'
    
    def analyse_c_operation(self, env):
        self.type = self.operand.type
    
    def py_operation_function(self):
        return "PyNumber_Positive"
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return self.operand.result()
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class UnaryMinusNode(UnopNode):
    #  unary '-' operator
    
    operator = '-'
    
    def analyse_c_operation(self, env):
        if self.operand.type.is_numeric:
            self.type = self.operand.type
        else:
            self.type_error()
    
    def py_operation_function(self):
        return "PyNumber_Negative"
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "(-%s)" % self.operand.result()
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class TildeNode(UnopNode):
    #  unary '~' operator

    def analyse_c_operation(self, env):
        if self.operand.type.is_int:
            self.type = self.operand.type
        else:
            self.type_error()

    def py_operation_function(self):
        return "PyNumber_Invert"
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "(~%s)" % self.operand.result()
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class AmpersandNode(ExprNode):
    #  The C address-of operator.
    #
    #  operand  ExprNode
    
    subexprs = ['operand']

    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.operand.analyse_types(env)
        argtype = self.operand.type
        if not (argtype.is_cfunction or self.operand.is_lvalue()):
            self.error("Taking address of non-lvalue")
            return
        if argtype.is_pyobject:
            self.error("Cannot take address of Python variable")
            return
        self.type = PyrexTypes.c_ptr_type(argtype)
    
    def check_const(self):
        self.operand.check_const_addr()
    
    def error(self, mess):
        error(self.pos, mess)
        self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
        self.result_code = "<error>"
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "(&%s)" % self.operand.result()
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass
    

unop_node_classes = {
    "+":  UnaryPlusNode,
    "-":  UnaryMinusNode,
    "~":  TildeNode,
}

def unop_node(pos, operator, operand):
    # Construct unnop node of appropriate class for 
    # given operator.
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    if isinstance(operand, IntNode) and operator == '-':
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        return IntNode(pos = operand.pos, value = str(-int(operand.value, 0)))
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    elif isinstance(operand, UnopNode) and operand.operator == operator:
        warning(pos, "Python has no increment/decrement operator: %s%sx = %s(%sx) = x" % ((operator,)*4), 5)
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    return unop_node_classes[operator](pos, 
        operator = operator, 
        operand = operand)


class TypecastNode(ExprNode):
    #  C type cast
    #
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    #  operand      ExprNode
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    #  base_type    CBaseTypeNode
    #  declarator   CDeclaratorNode
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    #
    #  If used from a transform, one can if wanted specify the attribute
    #  "type" directly and leave base_type and declarator to None
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    subexprs = ['operand']
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    base_type = declarator = type = None
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        if self.type is None:
            base_type = self.base_type.analyse(env)
            _, self.type = self.declarator.analyse(base_type, env)
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        if self.type.is_cfunction:
            error(self.pos,
                "Cannot cast to a function type")
            self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
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        self.operand.analyse_types(env)
        to_py = self.type.is_pyobject
        from_py = self.operand.type.is_pyobject
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        if from_py and not to_py and self.operand.is_ephemeral() and not self.type.is_numeric:
            error(self.pos, "Casting temporary Python object to non-numeric non-Python type")
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        if to_py and not from_py:
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            if (self.operand.type.to_py_function and
                    self.operand.type.create_convert_utility_code(env)):
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                self.result_ctype = py_object_type
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                self.operand = self.operand.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
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            else:
                warning(self.pos, "No conversion from %s to %s, python object pointer used." % (self.operand.type, self.type))
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                self.operand = self.operand.coerce_to_simple(env)
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        elif from_py and not to_py:
            if self.type.from_py_function:
                self.operand = self.operand.coerce_to(self.type, env)
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            else:
                warning(self.pos, "No conversion from %s to %s, python object pointer used." % (self.type, self.operand.type))
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        elif from_py and to_py:
            if self.typecheck and self.type.is_extension_type:
                self.operand = PyTypeTestNode(self.operand, self.type, env)
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    def check_const(self):
        self.operand.check_const()
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        opnd = self.operand
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        return self.type.cast_code(opnd.result())
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    def result_as(self, type):
        if self.type.is_pyobject and not self.is_temp:
            #  Optimise away some unnecessary casting
            return self.operand.result_as(type)
        else:
            return ExprNode.result_as(self, type)

    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.is_temp:
            code.putln(
                "%s = (PyObject *)%s;" % (
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                    self.result(),
                    self.operand.result()))
            code.put_incref(self.result(), self.ctype())
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class SizeofNode(ExprNode):
    #  Abstract base class for sizeof(x) expression nodes.
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    type = PyrexTypes.c_int_type
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    def check_const(self):
        pass

    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass


class SizeofTypeNode(SizeofNode):
    #  C sizeof function applied to a type
    #
    #  base_type   CBaseTypeNode
    #  declarator  CDeclaratorNode
    
    subexprs = []
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    arg_type = None
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        # we may have incorrectly interpreted a dotted name as a type rather than an attribute
        # this could be better handled by more uniformly treating types as runtime-available objects
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        if 0 and self.base_type.module_path:
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            path = self.base_type.module_path
            obj = env.lookup(path[0])
            if obj.as_module is None:
                operand = NameNode(pos=self.pos, name=path[0])
                for attr in path[1:]:
                    operand = AttributeNode(pos=self.pos, obj=operand, attribute=attr)
                operand = AttributeNode(pos=self.pos, obj=operand, attribute=self.base_type.name)
                self.operand = operand
                self.__class__ = SizeofVarNode
                self.analyse_types(env)
                return
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        if self.arg_type is None:
            base_type = self.base_type.analyse(env)
            _, arg_type = self.declarator.analyse(base_type, env)
            self.arg_type = arg_type
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        self.check_type()
        
    def check_type(self):
        arg_type = self.arg_type
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        if arg_type.is_pyobject and not arg_type.is_extension_type:
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            error(self.pos, "Cannot take sizeof Python object")
        elif arg_type.is_void:
            error(self.pos, "Cannot take sizeof void")
        elif not arg_type.is_complete():
            error(self.pos, "Cannot take sizeof incomplete type '%s'" % arg_type)
        
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        if self.arg_type.is_extension_type:
            # the size of the pointer is boring
            # we want the size of the actual struct
            arg_code = self.arg_type.declaration_code("", deref=1)
        else:
            arg_code = self.arg_type.declaration_code("")
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        return "(sizeof(%s))" % arg_code
    

class SizeofVarNode(SizeofNode):
    #  C sizeof function applied to a variable
    #
    #  operand   ExprNode
    
    subexprs = ['operand']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
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        # We may actually be looking at a type rather than a variable...
        # If we are, traditional analysis would fail...
        operand_as_type = self.operand.analyse_as_type(env)
        if operand_as_type:
            self.arg_type = operand_as_type
            self.__class__ = SizeofTypeNode
            self.check_type()
        else:
            self.operand.analyse_types(env)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "(sizeof(%s))" % self.operand.result()
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass


#-------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#  Binary operator nodes
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------

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def _not_in(x, seq):
    return x not in seq

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compile_time_binary_operators = {
    '<': operator.lt,
    '<=': operator.le,
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    '==': operator.eq,
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    '!=': operator.ne,
    '>=': operator.ge,
    '>': operator.gt,
    'is': operator.is_,
    'is_not': operator.is_not,
    '+': operator.add,
    '&': operator.and_,
    '/': operator.div,
    '//': operator.floordiv,
    '<<': operator.lshift,
    '%': operator.mod,
    '*': operator.mul,
    '|': operator.or_,
    '**': operator.pow,
    '>>': operator.rshift,
    '-': operator.sub,
    #'/': operator.truediv,
    '^': operator.xor,
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    'in': operator.contains,
    'not_in': _not_in,
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}

def get_compile_time_binop(node):
    func = compile_time_binary_operators.get(node.operator)
    if not func:
        error(node.pos,
            "Binary '%s' not supported in compile-time expression"
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                % node.operator)
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    return func

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class BinopNode(NewTempExprNode):
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    #  operator     string
    #  operand1     ExprNode
    #  operand2     ExprNode
    #
    #  Processing during analyse_expressions phase:
    #
    #    analyse_c_operation
    #      Called when neither operand is a pyobject.
    #      - Check operand types and coerce if needed.
    #      - Determine result type and result code fragment.
    #      - Allocate temporary for result if needed.
    
    subexprs = ['operand1', 'operand2']
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        func = get_compile_time_binop(self)
        operand1 = self.operand1.compile_time_value(denv)
        operand2 = self.operand2.compile_time_value(denv)
        try:
            return func(operand1, operand2)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)

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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.operand1.analyse_types(env)
        self.operand2.analyse_types(env)
        if self.is_py_operation():
            self.coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(env)
            self.type = py_object_type
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            self.gil_check(env)
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            self.is_temp = 1
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            if Options.incref_local_binop and self.operand1.type.is_pyobject:
                self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_temp(env)
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        else:
            self.analyse_c_operation(env)
    
    def is_py_operation(self):
        return (self.operand1.type.is_pyobject 
            or self.operand2.type.is_pyobject)
    
    def coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(self, env):
        self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
    
    def check_const(self):
        self.operand1.check_const()
        self.operand2.check_const()
    
    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        #print "BinopNode.generate_result_code:", self.operand1, self.operand2 ###
        if self.operand1.type.is_pyobject:
            function = self.py_operation_function()
            if function == "PyNumber_Power":
                extra_args = ", Py_None"
            else:
                extra_args = ""
            code.putln(
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                "%s = %s(%s, %s%s); %s" % (
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                    self.result(), 
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                    function, 
                    self.operand1.py_result(),
                    self.operand2.py_result(),
                    extra_args,
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                    code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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        else:
            if self.is_temp:
                self.generate_c_operation_code(code)
    
    def type_error(self):
        if not (self.operand1.type.is_error
                or self.operand2.type.is_error):
            error(self.pos, "Invalid operand types for '%s' (%s; %s)" %
                (self.operator, self.operand1.type, 
                    self.operand2.type))
        self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type


class NumBinopNode(BinopNode):
    #  Binary operation taking numeric arguments.
    
    def analyse_c_operation(self, env):
        type1 = self.operand1.type
        type2 = self.operand2.type
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        if self.operator == "**" and type1.is_int and type2.is_int:
            error(self.pos, "** with two C int types is ambiguous")
            self.type = error_type
            return
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        self.type = self.compute_c_result_type(type1, type2)
        if not self.type:
            self.type_error()
    
    def compute_c_result_type(self, type1, type2):
        if self.c_types_okay(type1, type2):
            return PyrexTypes.widest_numeric_type(type1, type2)
        else:
            return None
    
    def c_types_okay(self, type1, type2):
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        #print "NumBinopNode.c_types_okay:", type1, type2 ###
        return (type1.is_numeric  or type1.is_enum) \
            and (type2.is_numeric  or type2.is_enum)
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return "(%s %s %s)" % (
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            self.operand1.result(), 
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            self.operator, 
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            self.operand2.result())
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    def py_operation_function(self):
        return self.py_functions[self.operator]

    py_functions = {
        "|":		"PyNumber_Or",
        "^":		"PyNumber_Xor",
        "&":		"PyNumber_And",
        "<<":		"PyNumber_Lshift",
        ">>":		"PyNumber_Rshift",
        "+":		"PyNumber_Add",
        "-":		"PyNumber_Subtract",
        "*":		"PyNumber_Multiply",
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        "/":		"__Pyx_PyNumber_Divide",
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        "//":		"PyNumber_FloorDivide",
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        "%":		"PyNumber_Remainder",
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        "**":       "PyNumber_Power"
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    }


class IntBinopNode(NumBinopNode):
    #  Binary operation taking integer arguments.
    
    def c_types_okay(self, type1, type2):
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        #print "IntBinopNode.c_types_okay:", type1, type2 ###
        return (type1.is_int or type1.is_enum) \
            and (type2.is_int or type2.is_enum)
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class AddNode(NumBinopNode):
    #  '+' operator.
    
    def is_py_operation(self):
        if self.operand1.type.is_string \
            and self.operand2.type.is_string:
                return 1
        else:
            return NumBinopNode.is_py_operation(self)

    def compute_c_result_type(self, type1, type2):
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        #print "AddNode.compute_c_result_type:", type1, self.operator, type2 ###
        if (type1.is_ptr or type1.is_array) and (type2.is_int or type2.is_enum):
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            return type1
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        elif (type2.is_ptr or type2.is_array) and (type1.is_int or type1.is_enum):
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            return type2
        else:
            return NumBinopNode.compute_c_result_type(
                self, type1, type2)


class SubNode(NumBinopNode):
    #  '-' operator.
    
    def compute_c_result_type(self, type1, type2):
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        if (type1.is_ptr or type1.is_array) and (type2.is_int or type2.is_enum):
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            return type1
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        elif (type1.is_ptr or type1.is_array) and (type2.is_ptr or type2.is_array):
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            return PyrexTypes.c_int_type
        else:
            return NumBinopNode.compute_c_result_type(
                self, type1, type2)


class MulNode(NumBinopNode):
    #  '*' operator.
    
    def is_py_operation(self):
        type1 = self.operand1.type
        type2 = self.operand2.type
        if (type1.is_string and type2.is_int) \
            or (type2.is_string and type1.is_int):
                return 1
        else:
            return NumBinopNode.is_py_operation(self)


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class FloorDivNode(NumBinopNode):
    #  '//' operator.
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return "(%s %s %s)" % (
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            self.operand1.result(), 
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            "/",  # c division is by default floor-div 
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            self.operand2.result())
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class ModNode(NumBinopNode):
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    #  '%' operator.
    
    def is_py_operation(self):
        return (self.operand1.type.is_string
            or self.operand2.type.is_string
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            or NumBinopNode.is_py_operation(self))
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        if self.operand1.type.is_float or self.operand2.type.is_float:
            return "fmod(%s, %s)" % (
                self.operand1.result(), 
                self.operand2.result())
        else:
            return "(%s %% %s)" % (
                self.operand1.result(), 
                self.operand2.result())
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class PowNode(NumBinopNode):
    #  '**' operator.
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    def compute_c_result_type(self, type1, type2):
        if self.c_types_okay(type1, type2):
            return PyrexTypes.c_double_type
        else:
            return None
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    def c_types_okay(self, type1, type2):
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        return (type1.is_float or type2.is_float) and \
                NumBinopNode.c_types_okay(self, type1, type2)
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    def type_error(self):
        if not (self.operand1.type.is_error or self.operand2.type.is_error):
            if self.operand1.type.is_int and self.operand2.type.is_int:
                error(self.pos, "C has no integer powering, use python ints or floats instead '%s' (%s; %s)" %
                    (self.operator, self.operand1.type, self.operand2.type))
            else:
                NumBinopNode.type_error(self)
        self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
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    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return "pow(%s, %s)" % (
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            self.operand1.result(), self.operand2.result())
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# Note: This class is temporary "shut down" into an ineffective mode temp
# allocation mode.
#
# More sophisticated temp reuse was going on before,
# one could have a look at adding this again after /all/ classes
# are converted to the new temp scheme. (The temp juggling cannot work
# otherwise).
class BoolBinopNode(NewTempExprNode):
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    #  Short-circuiting boolean operation.
    #
    #  operator     string
    #  operand1     ExprNode
    #  operand2     ExprNode
    
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    subexprs = ['operand1', 'operand2']
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
        if self.operator == 'and':
            return self.operand1.compile_time_value(denv) \
                and self.operand2.compile_time_value(denv)
        else:
            return self.operand1.compile_time_value(denv) \
                or self.operand2.compile_time_value(denv)
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    def coerce_to_boolean(self, env):
        self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_boolean(env)
        self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_boolean(env)
        self.type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
        return self
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.operand1.analyse_types(env)
        self.operand2.analyse_types(env)
        if self.operand1.type.is_pyobject or \
                self.operand2.type.is_pyobject:
            self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
            self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
            self.type = py_object_type
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            self.gil_check(env)
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        else:
            self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_boolean(env)
            self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_boolean(env)
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            self.type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
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        # Below disabled for 
        
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        # For what we're about to do, it's vital that
        # both operands be temp nodes.
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#        self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_temp(env) #CTT
#        self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_temp(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Truth-testing Python object"

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##     def allocate_temps(self, env, result_code = None):
##         #  We don't need both operands at the same time, and
##         #  one of the operands will also be our result. So we
##         #  use an allocation strategy here which results in
##         #  this node and both its operands sharing the same
##         #  result variable. This allows us to avoid some 
##         #  assignments and increfs/decrefs that would otherwise
##         #  be necessary.
##         self.allocate_temp(env, result_code)
##         self.operand1.allocate_temps(env, self.result())
##         self.operand2.allocate_temps(env, self.result())
##         #  We haven't called release_temp on either operand,
##         #  because although they are temp nodes, they don't own 
##         #  their result variable. And because they are temp
##         #  nodes, any temps in their subnodes will have been
##         #  released before their allocate_temps returned.
##         #  Therefore, they contain no temp vars that need to
##         #  be released.
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    def check_const(self):
        self.operand1.check_const()
        self.operand2.check_const()
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return "(%s %s %s)" % (
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            self.operand1.result(),
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            self.py_to_c_op[self.operator],
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            self.operand2.result())
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    py_to_c_op = {'and': "&&", 'or': "||"}

    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
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        code.mark_pos(self.pos)
        self.allocate_temp_result(code)
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        self.operand1.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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        test_result, uses_temp = self.generate_operand1_test(code)
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        if self.operator == 'and':
            sense = ""
        else:
            sense = "!"
        code.putln(
            "if (%s%s) {" % (
                sense,
                test_result))
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        if uses_temp:
            code.funcstate.release_temp(test_result)
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        self.operand1.generate_disposal_code(code, free_temp=False)
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        self.operand2.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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        code.putln("%s = %s;" % (self.result(), self.operand2.result()))
        self.operand2.generate_disposal_code(code, decref=False)
        code.putln("} else {")
        code.putln("%s = %s;" % (self.result(), self.operand1.result()))
        self.operand1.generate_disposal_code(code, decref=False)
        code.putln("}")
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    def generate_operand1_test(self, code):
        #  Generate code to test the truth of the first operand.
        if self.type.is_pyobject:
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            test_result = code.funcstate.allocate_temp(PyrexTypes.c_bint_type,
                                                       manage_ref=False)
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            code.putln(
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                "%s = __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(%s); %s" % (
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                    test_result,
                    self.operand1.py_result(),
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                    code.error_goto_if_neg(test_result, self.pos)))
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        else:
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            test_result = self.operand1.result()
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        return (test_result, self.type.is_pyobject)
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class CondExprNode(ExprNode):
    #  Short-circuiting conditional expression.
    #
    #  test        ExprNode
    #  true_val    ExprNode
    #  false_val   ExprNode
    
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    true_val = None
    false_val = None
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    subexprs = ['test', 'true_val', 'false_val']
    
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.test.analyse_types(env)
        self.test = self.test.coerce_to_boolean(env)
        self.true_val.analyse_types(env)
        self.false_val.analyse_types(env)
        self.type = self.compute_result_type(self.true_val.type, self.false_val.type)
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        if self.true_val.type.is_pyobject or self.false_val.type.is_pyobject:
            self.true_val = self.true_val.coerce_to(self.type, env)
            self.false_val = self.false_val.coerce_to(self.type, env)
        # must be tmp variables so they can share a result
        self.true_val = self.true_val.coerce_to_temp(env)
        self.false_val = self.false_val.coerce_to_temp(env)
        self.is_temp = 1
        if self.type == PyrexTypes.error_type:
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            self.type_error()
    
    def allocate_temps(self, env, result_code = None):
        #  We only ever evaluate one side, and this is 
        #  after evaluating the truth value, so we may
        #  use an allocation strategy here which results in
        #  this node and both its operands sharing the same
        #  result variable. This allows us to avoid some 
        #  assignments and increfs/decrefs that would otherwise
        #  be necessary.
        self.allocate_temp(env, result_code)
        self.test.allocate_temps(env, result_code)
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        self.true_val.allocate_temps(env, self.result())
        self.false_val.allocate_temps(env, self.result())
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        #  We haven't called release_temp on either value,
        #  because although they are temp nodes, they don't own 
        #  their result variable. And because they are temp
        #  nodes, any temps in their subnodes will have been
        #  released before their allocate_temps returned.
        #  Therefore, they contain no temp vars that need to
        #  be released.
        
    def compute_result_type(self, type1, type2):
        if type1 == type2:
            return type1
        elif type1.is_numeric and type2.is_numeric:
            return PyrexTypes.widest_numeric_type(type1, type2)
        elif type1.is_extension_type and type1.subtype_of_resolved_type(type2):
            return type2
        elif type2.is_extension_type and type2.subtype_of_resolved_type(type1):
            return type1
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        elif type1.is_pyobject or type2.is_pyobject:
            return py_object_type
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        elif type1.assignable_from(type2):
            return type1
        elif type2.assignable_from(type1):
            return type2
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        else:
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            return PyrexTypes.error_type
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    def type_error(self):
        if not (self.true_val.type.is_error or self.false_val.type.is_error):
            error(self.pos, "Incompatable types in conditional expression (%s; %s)" %
                (self.true_val.type, self.false_val.type))
        self.type = PyrexTypes.error_type
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    def check_const(self):
        self.test.check_const()
        self.true_val.check_const()
        self.false_val.check_const()
    
    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        self.test.generate_evaluation_code(code)
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        code.putln("if (%s) {" % self.test.result() )
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        self.true_val.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        code.putln("} else {")
        self.false_val.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        code.putln("}")
        self.test.generate_disposal_code(code)

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richcmp_constants = {
    "<" : "Py_LT",
    "<=": "Py_LE",
    "==": "Py_EQ",
    "!=": "Py_NE",
    "<>": "Py_NE",
    ">" : "Py_GT",
    ">=": "Py_GE",
}

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class CmpNode:
    #  Mixin class containing code common to PrimaryCmpNodes
    #  and CascadedCmpNodes.
    
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    def cascaded_compile_time_value(self, operand1, denv):
        func = get_compile_time_binop(self)
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        operand2 = self.operand2.compile_time_value(denv)
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        try:
            result = func(operand1, operand2)
        except Exception, e:
            self.compile_time_value_error(e)
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            result = None
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        if result:
            cascade = self.cascade
            if cascade:
                result = result and cascade.compile_time_value(operand2, denv)
        return result

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    def is_python_comparison(self):
        return (self.has_python_operands()
            or (self.cascade and self.cascade.is_python_comparison())
            or self.operator in ('in', 'not_in'))

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    def is_python_result(self):
        return ((self.has_python_operands() and self.operator not in ('is', 'is_not', 'in', 'not_in'))
            or (self.cascade and self.cascade.is_python_result()))

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    def check_types(self, env, operand1, op, operand2):
        if not self.types_okay(operand1, op, operand2):
            error(self.pos, "Invalid types for '%s' (%s, %s)" %
                (self.operator, operand1.type, operand2.type))
    
    def types_okay(self, operand1, op, operand2):
        type1 = operand1.type
        type2 = operand2.type
        if type1.is_error or type2.is_error:
            return 1
        if type1.is_pyobject: # type2 will be, too
            return 1
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        elif type1.is_ptr or type1.is_array:
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            return type1.is_null_ptr or type2.is_null_ptr \
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                or ((type2.is_ptr or type2.is_array)
                    and type1.base_type.same_as(type2.base_type))
        elif ((type1.is_numeric and type2.is_numeric
                    or type1.is_enum and (type1 is type2 or type2.is_int)
                    or type1.is_int and type2.is_enum)
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                and op not in ('is', 'is_not')):
            return 1
        else:
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            return type1.is_cfunction and type1.is_cfunction and type1 == type2
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    def generate_operation_code(self, code, result_code, 
            operand1, op , operand2):
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        if self.type is PyrexTypes.py_object_type:
            coerce_result = "__Pyx_PyBool_FromLong"
        else:
            coerce_result = ""
        if 'not' in op: negation = "!"
        else: negation = ""
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        if op == 'in' or op == 'not_in':
            code.putln(
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                "%s = %s(%sPySequence_Contains(%s, %s)); %s" % (
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                    result_code, 
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                    coerce_result, 
                    negation,
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                    operand2.py_result(), 
                    operand1.py_result(), 
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                    code.error_goto_if_neg(result_code, self.pos)))
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        elif (operand1.type.is_pyobject
            and op not in ('is', 'is_not')):
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                code.putln("%s = PyObject_RichCompare(%s, %s, %s); %s" % (
                        result_code, 
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                        operand1.py_result(), 
                        operand2.py_result(), 
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                        richcmp_constants[op],
                        code.error_goto_if_null(result_code, self.pos)))
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        else:
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            type1 = operand1.type
            type2 = operand2.type
            if (type1.is_extension_type or type2.is_extension_type) \
                    and not type1.same_as(type2):
                common_type = py_object_type
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            elif type1.is_numeric:
                common_type = PyrexTypes.widest_numeric_type(type1, type2)
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            else:
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                common_type = type1
            code1 = operand1.result_as(common_type)
            code2 = operand2.result_as(common_type)
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            code.putln("%s = %s(%s %s %s);" % (
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                result_code, 
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                coerce_result, 
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                code1, 
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                self.c_operator(op), 
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                code2))

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    def c_operator(self, op):
        if op == 'is':
            return "=="
        elif op == 'is_not':
            return "!="
        else:
            return op
    

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class PrimaryCmpNode(NewTempExprNode, CmpNode):
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    #  Non-cascaded comparison or first comparison of
    #  a cascaded sequence.
    #
    #  operator      string
    #  operand1      ExprNode
    #  operand2      ExprNode
    #  cascade       CascadedCmpNode
    
    #  We don't use the subexprs mechanism, because
    #  things here are too complicated for it to handle.
    #  Instead, we override all the framework methods
    #  which use it.
    
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    child_attrs = ['operand1', 'operand2', 'cascade']
    
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    cascade = None
    
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    def compile_time_value(self, denv):
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        operand1 = self.operand1.compile_time_value(denv)
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        return self.cascaded_compile_time_value(operand1, denv)

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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.operand1.analyse_types(env)
        self.operand2.analyse_types(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.analyse_types(env, self.operand2)
        self.is_pycmp = self.is_python_comparison()
        if self.is_pycmp:
            self.coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(env)
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        if self.has_int_operands():
            self.coerce_chars_to_ints(env)
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        if self.cascade:
            self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_simple(env)
            self.cascade.coerce_cascaded_operands_to_temp(env)
        self.check_operand_types(env)
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        if self.is_python_result():
            self.type = PyrexTypes.py_object_type
        else:
            self.type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
        cdr = self.cascade
        while cdr:
            cdr.type = self.type
            cdr = cdr.cascade
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        if self.is_pycmp or self.cascade:
            self.is_temp = 1
    
    def check_operand_types(self, env):
        self.check_types(env, 
            self.operand1, self.operator, self.operand2)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.check_operand_types(env, self.operand2)
    
    def has_python_operands(self):
        return (self.operand1.type.is_pyobject
            or self.operand2.type.is_pyobject)
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    def coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(self, env):
        self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(env)
        
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    def has_int_operands(self):
        return (self.operand1.type.is_int or self.operand2.type.is_int) \
           or (self.cascade and self.cascade.has_int_operands())
    
    def coerce_chars_to_ints(self, env):
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        # coerce literal single-char strings to c chars
        if self.operand1.type.is_string and isinstance(self.operand1, StringNode):
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            self.operand1 = self.operand1.coerce_to(PyrexTypes.c_uchar_type, env)
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        if self.operand2.type.is_string and isinstance(self.operand2, StringNode):
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            self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to(PyrexTypes.c_uchar_type, env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.coerce_chars_to_ints(env)
    
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    def allocate_subexpr_temps(self, env):
        self.operand1.allocate_temps(env)
        self.operand2.allocate_temps(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.allocate_subexpr_temps(env)
    
    def release_subexpr_temps(self, env):
        self.operand1.release_temp(env)
        self.operand2.release_temp(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.release_subexpr_temps(env)
    
    def check_const(self):
        self.operand1.check_const()
        self.operand2.check_const()
        if self.cascade:
            self.not_const()

    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return "(%s %s %s)" % (
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            self.operand1.result(),
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            self.c_operator(self.operator),
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            self.operand2.result())
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    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        self.operand1.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        self.operand2.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        if self.is_temp:
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            self.allocate_temp_result(code)
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            self.generate_operation_code(code, self.result(), 
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                self.operand1, self.operator, self.operand2)
            if self.cascade:
                self.cascade.generate_evaluation_code(code,
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                    self.result(), self.operand2)
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            self.operand1.generate_disposal_code(code)
            self.operand2.generate_disposal_code(code)
    
    def generate_subexpr_disposal_code(self, code):
        #  If this is called, it is a non-cascaded cmp,
        #  so only need to dispose of the two main operands.
        self.operand1.generate_disposal_code(code)
        self.operand2.generate_disposal_code(code)
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    def annotate(self, code):
        self.operand1.annotate(code)
        self.operand2.annotate(code)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.annotate(code)
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class CascadedCmpNode(Node, CmpNode):
    #  A CascadedCmpNode is not a complete expression node. It 
    #  hangs off the side of another comparison node, shares 
    #  its left operand with that node, and shares its result 
    #  with the PrimaryCmpNode at the head of the chain.
    #
    #  operator      string
    #  operand2      ExprNode
    #  cascade       CascadedCmpNode

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    child_attrs = ['operand2', 'cascade']

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    cascade = None
    
    def analyse_types(self, env, operand1):
        self.operand2.analyse_types(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.analyse_types(env, self.operand2)
    
    def check_operand_types(self, env, operand1):
        self.check_types(env, 
            operand1, self.operator, self.operand2)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.check_operand_types(env, self.operand2)
    
    def has_python_operands(self):
        return self.operand2.type.is_pyobject
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    def coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(self, env):
        self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_pyobject(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.coerce_operands_to_pyobjects(env)

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    def has_int_operands(self):
        return self.operand2.type.is_int
        
    def coerce_chars_to_ints(self, env):
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        if self.operand2.type.is_string and isinstance(self.operand2, StringNode):
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            self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to(PyrexTypes.c_uchar_type, env)

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    def coerce_cascaded_operands_to_temp(self, env):
        if self.cascade:
            #self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_temp(env) #CTT
            self.operand2 = self.operand2.coerce_to_simple(env)
            self.cascade.coerce_cascaded_operands_to_temp(env)
    
    def allocate_subexpr_temps(self, env):
        self.operand2.allocate_temps(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.allocate_subexpr_temps(env)
    
    def release_subexpr_temps(self, env):
        self.operand2.release_temp(env)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.release_subexpr_temps(env)
    
    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code, result, operand1):
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        if self.type.is_pyobject:
            code.putln("if (__Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(%s)) {" % result)
        else:
            code.putln("if (%s) {" % result)
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        self.operand2.generate_evaluation_code(code)
        self.generate_operation_code(code, result, 
            operand1, self.operator, self.operand2)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.generate_evaluation_code(
                code, result, self.operand2)
        # Cascaded cmp result is always temp
        self.operand2.generate_disposal_code(code)
        code.putln("}")

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    def annotate(self, code):
        self.operand2.annotate(code)
        if self.cascade:
            self.cascade.annotate(code)

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binop_node_classes = {
    "or":		BoolBinopNode,
    "and":	BoolBinopNode,
    "|":		IntBinopNode,
    "^":		IntBinopNode,
    "&":		IntBinopNode,
    "<<":		IntBinopNode,
    ">>":		IntBinopNode,
    "+":		AddNode,
    "-":		SubNode,
    "*":		MulNode,
    "/":		NumBinopNode,
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    "//":		FloorDivNode,
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    "%":		ModNode,
    "**":		PowNode
}

def binop_node(pos, operator, operand1, operand2):
    # Construct binop node of appropriate class for 
    # given operator.
    return binop_node_classes[operator](pos, 
        operator = operator, 
        operand1 = operand1, 
        operand2 = operand2)

#-------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#  Coercion nodes
#
#  Coercion nodes are special in that they are created during
#  the analyse_types phase of parse tree processing.
#  Their __init__ methods consequently incorporate some aspects
#  of that phase.
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------

class CoercionNode(ExprNode):
    #  Abstract base class for coercion nodes.
    #
    #  arg       ExprNode       node being coerced
    
    subexprs = ['arg']
    
    def __init__(self, arg):
        self.pos = arg.pos
        self.arg = arg
        if debug_coercion:
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            print("%s Coercing %s" % (self, self.arg))
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    def annotate(self, code):
        self.arg.annotate(code)
        if self.arg.type != self.type:
            file, line, col = self.pos
            code.annotate((file, line, col-1), AnnotationItem(style='coerce', tag='coerce', text='[%s] to [%s]' % (self.arg.type, self.type)))
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class CastNode(CoercionNode):
    #  Wrap a node in a C type cast.
    
    def __init__(self, arg, new_type):
        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
        self.type = new_type
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
        return self.arg.result_as(self.type)

    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        self.arg.generate_result_code(code)


class PyTypeTestNode(CoercionNode):
    #  This node is used to check that a generic Python
    #  object is an instance of a particular extension type.
    #  This node borrows the result of its argument node.

    def __init__(self, arg, dst_type, env):
        #  The arg is know to be a Python object, and
        #  the dst_type is known to be an extension type.
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        assert dst_type.is_extension_type or dst_type.is_builtin_type, "PyTypeTest on non extension type"
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        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
        self.type = dst_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.result_ctype = arg.ctype()
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    gil_message = "Python type test"
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        pass
    
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    def result_in_temp(self):
        return self.arg.result_in_temp()
    
    def is_ephemeral(self):
        return self.arg.is_ephemeral()
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return self.arg.result()
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.type.typeobj_is_available():
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            if not self.type.is_builtin_type:
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                code.globalstate.use_utility_code(type_test_utility_code)
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            code.putln(
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                "if (!(%s)) %s" % (
                    self.type.type_test_code(self.arg.py_result()),
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                    code.error_goto(self.pos)))
        else:
            error(self.pos, "Cannot test type of extern C class "
                "without type object name specification")
                
    def generate_post_assignment_code(self, code):
        self.arg.generate_post_assignment_code(code)
                
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class CoerceToPyTypeNode(CoercionNode):
    #  This node is used to convert a C data type
    #  to a Python object.

    def __init__(self, arg, env):
        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
        self.type = py_object_type
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        self.gil_check(env)
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        self.is_temp = 1
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        if not arg.type.to_py_function or not arg.type.create_convert_utility_code(env):
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            error(arg.pos,
                "Cannot convert '%s' to Python object" % arg.type)
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    gil_message = "Converting to Python object"
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    def coerce_to_boolean(self, env):
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        return self.arg.coerce_to_boolean(env).coerce_to_temp(env)
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        # The arg is always already analysed
        pass

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        function = self.arg.type.to_py_function
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        code.putln('%s = %s(%s); %s' % (
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            self.result(), 
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            function, 
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            self.arg.result(), 
            code.error_goto_if_null(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class CoerceFromPyTypeNode(CoercionNode):
    #  This node is used to convert a Python object
    #  to a C data type.

    def __init__(self, result_type, arg, env):
        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
        self.type = result_type
        self.is_temp = 1
        if not result_type.from_py_function:
            error(arg.pos,
                "Cannot convert Python object to '%s'" % result_type)
        if self.type.is_string and self.arg.is_ephemeral():
            error(arg.pos,
                "Obtaining char * from temporary Python value")
    
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    def analyse_types(self, env):
        # The arg is always already analysed
        pass

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        function = self.type.from_py_function
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        operand = self.arg.py_result()
        rhs = "%s(%s)" % (function, operand)
        if self.type.is_enum:
            rhs = typecast(self.type, c_long_type, rhs)
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        code.putln('%s = %s; %s' % (
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            self.result(), 
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            rhs,
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            code.error_goto_if(self.type.error_condition(self.result()), self.pos)))
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class CoerceToBooleanNode(CoercionNode):
    #  This node is used when a result needs to be used
    #  in a boolean context.
    
    def __init__(self, arg, env):
        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
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        self.type = PyrexTypes.c_bint_type
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        if arg.type.is_pyobject:
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            if env.nogil:
                self.gil_error()
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            self.is_temp = 1
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    gil_message = "Truth-testing Python object"
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    def check_const(self):
        if self.is_temp:
            self.not_const()
        self.arg.check_const()
    
    def calculate_result_code(self):
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        return "(%s != 0)" % self.arg.result()
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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        if self.arg.type.is_pyobject:
            code.putln(
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                "%s = __Pyx_PyObject_IsTrue(%s); %s" % (
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                    self.result(), 
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                    self.arg.py_result(), 
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                    code.error_goto_if_neg(self.result(), self.pos)))
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class CoerceToTempNode(CoercionNode):
    #  This node is used to force the result of another node
    #  to be stored in a temporary. It is only used if the
    #  argument node's result is not already in a temporary.

    def __init__(self, arg, env):
        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
        self.type = self.arg.type
        self.is_temp = 1
        if self.type.is_pyobject:
4708
            self.gil_check(env)
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4709
            self.result_ctype = py_object_type
4710 4711 4712

    gil_message = "Creating temporary Python reference"

4713 4714 4715
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        # The arg is always already analysed
        pass
4716 4717 4718 4719 4720 4721
        
    def coerce_to_boolean(self, env):
        self.arg = self.arg.coerce_to_boolean(env)
        self.type = self.arg.type
        self.result_ctype = self.type
        return self
4722

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    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        #self.arg.generate_evaluation_code(code) # Already done
        # by generic generate_subexpr_evaluation_code!
        code.putln("%s = %s;" % (
4727
            self.result(), self.arg.result_as(self.ctype())))
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4728
        if self.type.is_pyobject:
4729
            code.put_incref(self.result(), self.ctype())
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4730 4731 4732 4733 4734 4735 4736 4737 4738 4739 4740 4741 4742 4743


class CloneNode(CoercionNode):
    #  This node is employed when the result of another node needs
    #  to be used multiple times. The argument node's result must
    #  be in a temporary. This node "borrows" the result from the
    #  argument node, and does not generate any evaluation or
    #  disposal code for it. The original owner of the argument 
    #  node is responsible for doing those things.
    
    subexprs = [] # Arg is not considered a subexpr
    
    def __init__(self, arg):
        CoercionNode.__init__(self, arg)
4744 4745 4746 4747 4748
        if hasattr(arg, 'type'):
            self.type = arg.type
            self.result_ctype = arg.result_ctype
        if hasattr(arg, 'entry'):
            self.entry = arg.entry
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4749
    
4750
    def result(self):
4751
        return self.arg.result()
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4752 4753 4754 4755 4756
        
    def analyse_types(self, env):
        self.type = self.arg.type
        self.result_ctype = self.arg.result_ctype
        self.is_temp = 1
4757 4758
        if hasattr(self.arg, 'entry'):
            self.entry = self.arg.entry
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4759 4760 4761 4762 4763 4764
    
    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        pass

    def generate_result_code(self, code):
        pass
4765 4766
        
    def generate_disposal_code(self, code):
4767 4768
        pass
                
4769
    def allocate_temps(self, env):
4770
        pass
4771 4772 4773
        
    def release_temp(self, env):
        pass
4774 4775 4776 4777 4778 4779 4780 4781 4782
        
class PersistentNode(ExprNode):
    # A PersistentNode is like a CloneNode except it handles the temporary
    # allocation itself by keeping track of the number of times it has been 
    # used. 
    
    subexprs = ["arg"]
    temp_counter = 0
    generate_counter = 0
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4783
    analyse_counter = 0
4784 4785 4786 4787 4788 4789 4790 4791
    result_code = None
    
    def __init__(self, arg, uses):
        self.pos = arg.pos
        self.arg = arg
        self.uses = uses
        
    def analyse_types(self, env):
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4792 4793 4794 4795 4796 4797
        if self.analyse_counter == 0:
            self.arg.analyse_types(env)
            self.type = self.arg.type
            self.result_ctype = self.arg.result_ctype
            self.is_temp = 1
        self.analyse_counter += 1
4798
        
4799
    def calculate_result_code(self):
4800
        return self.result()
4801

4802 4803 4804 4805
    def generate_evaluation_code(self, code):
        if self.generate_counter == 0:
            self.arg.generate_evaluation_code(code)
            code.putln("%s = %s;" % (
4806
                self.result(), self.arg.result_as(self.ctype())))
4807
            if self.type.is_pyobject:
4808
                code.put_incref(self.result(), self.ctype())
4809 4810 4811 4812 4813 4814
            self.arg.generate_disposal_code(code)
        self.generate_counter += 1
                
    def generate_disposal_code(self, code):
        if self.generate_counter == self.uses:
            if self.type.is_pyobject:
4815
                code.put_decref_clear(self.result(), self.ctype())
4816 4817 4818 4819

    def allocate_temps(self, env, result=None):
        if self.temp_counter == 0:
            self.arg.allocate_temps(env)
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4820
            self.allocate_temp(env, result)
4821 4822 4823
            self.arg.release_temp(env)
        self.temp_counter += 1
        
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4824 4825 4826 4827 4828 4829
    def allocate_temp(self, env, result=None):
        if result is None:
            self.result_code = env.allocate_temp(self.type)
        else:
            self.result_code = result
        
4830 4831
    def release_temp(self, env):
        if self.temp_counter == self.uses:
4832
            env.release_temp(self.result())
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4833 4834 4835 4836 4837 4838 4839
    
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#  Runtime support code
#
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4840 4841
get_name_interned_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
4842
static PyObject *__Pyx_GetName(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name); /*proto*/
4843 4844
""",
impl = """
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4845 4846 4847 4848 4849 4850 4851
static PyObject *__Pyx_GetName(PyObject *dict, PyObject *name) {
    PyObject *result;
    result = PyObject_GetAttr(dict, name);
    if (!result)
        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_NameError, name);
    return result;
}
4852
""")
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4853 4854 4855

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4856 4857
import_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
4858
static PyObject *__Pyx_Import(PyObject *name, PyObject *from_list); /*proto*/
4859 4860
""",
impl = """
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4861 4862 4863 4864 4865 4866 4867 4868 4869 4870 4871 4872 4873 4874 4875 4876 4877 4878 4879 4880 4881 4882 4883 4884
static PyObject *__Pyx_Import(PyObject *name, PyObject *from_list) {
    PyObject *__import__ = 0;
    PyObject *empty_list = 0;
    PyObject *module = 0;
    PyObject *global_dict = 0;
    PyObject *empty_dict = 0;
    PyObject *list;
    __import__ = PyObject_GetAttrString(%(BUILTINS)s, "__import__");
    if (!__import__)
        goto bad;
    if (from_list)
        list = from_list;
    else {
        empty_list = PyList_New(0);
        if (!empty_list)
            goto bad;
        list = empty_list;
    }
    global_dict = PyModule_GetDict(%(GLOBALS)s);
    if (!global_dict)
        goto bad;
    empty_dict = PyDict_New();
    if (!empty_dict)
        goto bad;
4885 4886
    module = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(__import__,
        name, global_dict, empty_dict, list, NULL);
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4887 4888 4889 4890 4891 4892 4893 4894 4895
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(empty_list);
    Py_XDECREF(__import__);
    Py_XDECREF(empty_dict);
    return module;
}
""" % {
    "BUILTINS": Naming.builtins_cname,
    "GLOBALS":  Naming.module_cname,
4896
})
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4897 4898 4899

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4900 4901
get_exception_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
4902
static PyObject *__Pyx_GetExcValue(void); /*proto*/
4903 4904
""",
impl = """
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4905 4906
static PyObject *__Pyx_GetExcValue(void) {
    PyObject *type = 0, *value = 0, *tb = 0;
4907
    PyObject *tmp_type, *tmp_value, *tmp_tb;
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4908 4909 4910 4911 4912 4913 4914 4915 4916 4917
    PyObject *result = 0;
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
    PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &tb);
    PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &tb);
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        goto bad;
    if (!value) {
        value = Py_None;
        Py_INCREF(value);
    }
4918 4919 4920
    tmp_type = tstate->exc_type;
    tmp_value = tstate->exc_value;
    tmp_tb = tstate->exc_traceback;
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4921 4922 4923
    tstate->exc_type = type;
    tstate->exc_value = value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = tb;
4924 4925 4926 4927 4928
    /* Make sure tstate is in a consistent state when we XDECREF
    these objects (XDECREF may run arbitrary code). */
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_type);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_value);
    Py_XDECREF(tmp_tb);
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4929 4930 4931 4932 4933 4934 4935 4936 4937 4938 4939
    result = value;
    Py_XINCREF(result);
    type = 0;
    value = 0;
    tb = 0;
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(type);
    Py_XDECREF(value);
    Py_XDECREF(tb);
    return result;
}
4940
""")
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4941 4942 4943

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4944 4945
unpacking_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
4946
static PyObject *__Pyx_UnpackItem(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t index); /*proto*/
4947
static int __Pyx_EndUnpack(PyObject *); /*proto*/
4948 4949
""",
impl = """
4950
static PyObject *__Pyx_UnpackItem(PyObject *iter, Py_ssize_t index) {
4951 4952
    PyObject *item;
    if (!(item = PyIter_Next(iter))) {
4953 4954 4955 4956 4957 4958 4959 4960
        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
                    "need more than %d values to unpack", (int)index);
                #else
                    "need more than %zd values to unpack", index);
                #endif
        }
4961 4962
    }
    return item;
4963
}
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4964

4965 4966 4967 4968
static int __Pyx_EndUnpack(PyObject *iter) {
    PyObject *item;
    if ((item = PyIter_Next(iter))) {
        Py_DECREF(item);
4969
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "too many values to unpack");
4970 4971 4972 4973 4974 4975
        return -1;
    }
    else if (!PyErr_Occurred())
        return 0;
    else
        return -1;
4976
}
4977
""")
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4978 4979 4980

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4981 4982
type_test_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
4983
static int __Pyx_TypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type); /*proto*/
4984 4985
""",
impl = """
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4986 4987 4988 4989 4990 4991 4992 4993
static int __Pyx_TypeTest(PyObject *obj, PyTypeObject *type) {
    if (!type) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "Missing type object");
        return 0;
    }
    if (obj == Py_None || PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type))
        return 1;
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot convert %s to %s",
4994
        Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name, type->tp_name);
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4995 4996
    return 0;
}
4997
""")
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4998 4999 5000

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5001 5002
create_class_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
5003
static PyObject *__Pyx_CreateClass(PyObject *bases, PyObject *dict, PyObject *name, const char *modname); /*proto*/
5004 5005
""",
impl = """
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5006
static PyObject *__Pyx_CreateClass(
5007
    PyObject *bases, PyObject *dict, PyObject *name, const char *modname)
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5008 5009 5010
{
    PyObject *py_modname;
    PyObject *result = 0;
5011

5012
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
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5013
    py_modname = PyString_FromString(modname);
5014 5015 5016
    #else
    py_modname = PyUnicode_FromString(modname);
    #endif
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5017 5018 5019 5020
    if (!py_modname)
        goto bad;
    if (PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__module__", py_modname) < 0)
        goto bad;
5021
    #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION < 3
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5022
    result = PyClass_New(bases, dict, name);
5023 5024 5025
    #else
    result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs((PyObject *)&PyType_Type, name, bases, dict, NULL);
    #endif
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5026 5027 5028 5029
bad:
    Py_XDECREF(py_modname);
    return result;
}
5030
""")
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William Stein committed
5031 5032

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Robert Bradshaw committed
5033

5034 5035
cpp_exception_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
5036 5037
#ifndef __Pyx_CppExn2PyErr
static void __Pyx_CppExn2PyErr() {
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5038 5039 5040 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 5046 5047 5048 5049 5050 5051 5052 5053
  try {
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
      ; // let the latest Python exn pass through and ignore the current one
    else
      throw;
  } catch (const std::out_of_range& exn) {
    // catch out_of_range explicitly so the proper Python exn may be raised
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError, exn.what());
  } catch (const std::exception& exn) {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, exn.what());
  }
  catch (...)
  {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Unknown exception");
  }
}
5054
#endif
5055 5056 5057
""",
impl = ""
)
Robert Bradshaw's avatar
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5058 5059

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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5060

5061 5062
append_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
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5063
static INLINE PyObject* __Pyx_PyObject_Append(PyObject* L, PyObject* x) {
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    if (likely(PyList_CheckExact(L))) {
        if (PyList_Append(L, x) < 0) return NULL;
        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
        return Py_None; // this is just to have an accurate signature
    }
    else {
5070 5071 5072 5073 5074 5075
        PyObject *r, *m;
        m = PyObject_GetAttrString(L, "append");
        if (!m) return NULL;
        r = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(m, x, NULL);
        Py_DECREF(m);
        return r;
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5076 5077
    }
}
5078 5079 5080
""",
impl = ""
)
5081 5082 5083

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dag Sverre Seljebotn's avatar
Merge  
Dag Sverre Seljebotn committed
5084 5085 5086
# If the is_unsigned flag is set, we need to do some extra work to make 
# sure the index doesn't become negative. 

5087 5088
getitem_int_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
Dag Sverre Seljebotn's avatar
Merge  
Dag Sverre Seljebotn committed
5089 5090 5091 5092 5093 5094 5095 5096 5097 5098 5099 5100 5101 5102 5103 5104 5105 5106 5107 5108 5109 5110
static INLINE PyObject *__Pyx_GetItemInt(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, int is_unsigned) {
    PyObject *r;
    if (PyList_CheckExact(o) && 0 <= i && i < PyList_GET_SIZE(o)) {
        r = PyList_GET_ITEM(o, i);
        Py_INCREF(r);
    }
    else if (PyTuple_CheckExact(o) && 0 <= i && i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o)) {
        r = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, i);
        Py_INCREF(r);
    }
    else if (Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence && Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence->sq_item && (likely(i >= 0) || !is_unsigned))
        r = PySequence_GetItem(o, i);
    else {
        PyObject *j = (likely(i >= 0) || !is_unsigned) ? PyInt_FromLong(i) : PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((sizeof(unsigned long long) > sizeof(Py_ssize_t) ? (1ULL << (sizeof(Py_ssize_t)*8)) : 0) + i);
        if (!j)
            return 0;
        r = PyObject_GetItem(o, j);
        Py_DECREF(j);
    }
    return r;
}
""",
5111 5112
impl = """
""")
Dag Sverre Seljebotn's avatar
Merge  
Dag Sverre Seljebotn committed
5113 5114 5115

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5116 5117
setitem_int_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
Dag Sverre Seljebotn's avatar
Merge  
Dag Sverre Seljebotn committed
5118 5119 5120 5121 5122 5123 5124 5125 5126 5127 5128 5129 5130 5131 5132 5133 5134 5135 5136 5137
static INLINE int __Pyx_SetItemInt(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject *v, int is_unsigned) {
    int r;
    if (PyList_CheckExact(o) && 0 <= i && i < PyList_GET_SIZE(o)) {
        Py_DECREF(PyList_GET_ITEM(o, i));
        Py_INCREF(v);
        PyList_SET_ITEM(o, i, v);
        return 1;
    }
    else if (Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence && Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence->sq_ass_item && (likely(i >= 0) || !is_unsigned))
        r = PySequence_SetItem(o, i, v);
    else {
        PyObject *j = (likely(i >= 0) || !is_unsigned) ? PyInt_FromLong(i) : PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((sizeof(unsigned long long) > sizeof(Py_ssize_t) ? (1ULL << (sizeof(Py_ssize_t)*8)) : 0) + i);
        if (!j)
            return -1;
        r = PyObject_SetItem(o, j, v);
        Py_DECREF(j);
    }
    return r;
}
""",
5138 5139 5140
impl = """
""")

5141 5142
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5143 5144 5145 5146 5147 5148 5149 5150 5151 5152 5153 5154 5155 5156 5157 5158 5159 5160 5161 5162 5163
delitem_int_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
static INLINE int __Pyx_DelItemInt(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t i, int is_unsigned) {
    int r;
    if (Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence && Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence->sq_ass_item && (likely(i >= 0) || !is_unsigned))
        r = PySequence_DelItem(o, i);
    else {
        PyObject *j = (likely(i >= 0) || !is_unsigned) ? PyInt_FromLong(i) : PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((sizeof(unsigned long long) > sizeof(Py_ssize_t) ? (1ULL << (sizeof(Py_ssize_t)*8)) : 0) + i);
        if (!j)
            return -1;
        r = PyObject_DelItem(o, j);
        Py_DECREF(j);
    }
    return r;
}
""",
impl = """
""")

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5164 5165
raise_noneattr_error_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
5166
static INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneAttributeError(const char* attrname);
5167 5168
""",
impl = """
5169
static INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneAttributeError(const char* attrname) {
5170 5171
    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "'NoneType' object has no attribute '%s'", attrname);
}
5172
""")
5173

5174 5175
raise_noneindex_error_utility_code = UtilityCode(
proto = """
5176
static INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneIndexingError();
5177 5178
""",
impl = """
5179 5180 5181
static INLINE void __Pyx_RaiseNoneIndexingError() {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable");
}
5182
""")