ensure that we call trace/profile functions without current exception set; reduce code overhead inside of functions for line tracing

fix "debug_trace_code_generation": use truncating instead of just seeking which is not enough to remove an unused marker as it may not get overwritten afterwards

test: assert that isinf returns -1 for negative infinity

Fixes for buffer protocol docs

[ci skip]

Makes sure (and documents, in a sense) that isinf's declaration as returning
a bint preserves its C semantics.

This will be useful for, e.g., implementing a fake cythonize that
can leverage the deductions made by the real cythonize, but could
have other uses as well.