Fixes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3663

This ensures that rvalues here are saved as temps, while keeping the
existing behaviour for `for x in deref(vec)`, where the pointer for vec
is copied, meaning it doesn't crash if vec is reassigned.

The bit of this change liable to have the biggest effect is that I've
changed the result type of dereference(x) and x[0] (where x is a c++
type) to a reference rather than value type. I think this is OK because
it matches what C++ does. If that isn't a sensible change then I can
probably inspect the loop sequence more closely to try to detect this.

Prevent compile error when the result of repr() is assigned to a "unicode" LHS with language_level=3.
Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3736

Use inline properties on the "PyComplex" builtin type declared in "cpython.complex" to provide C level access to the "real" and "imag" attributes (which Cython provides anyway for the 'undeclared' builtin type).

Update the documentation on the arithmetic special methods and issue a "backwards compatibility" warning when the reversed method is not implemented.

See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/2056

Using Py_UNICODE to store lone surrogates makes Py3 join surrogate pairs on 16-bit Unicode platforms (Windows) when reading them back in, although we correctly processed them before.
Instead, we now use the "unicode_escape" codec to store byte strings, because it can return surrogate characters (which the other codecs cannot).

Fixes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/2093

Fixes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/2093

Disable Py_UNICODE fallback for __Pyx_UnicodeContainsUCS4() in Py3.9 since Py_UNICODE is deprecated and PEP-393 unicode is practically required.

* Really only use PyUnicode_FromUnicode() for strings that contain lone surrogate, not for normal non-BMP strings and not for surrogate pairs on 16bit Unicode platforms.

See https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3678

* Extend buildenv test to debug a MacOS problem.
* Add a test for surrogate pairs in Unicode strings.
* Limit PyUnicode_FromUnicode() usage to strings containing lone surrogates.
* Accept ambiguity of surrogate pairs in Unicode string literals when generated on 16bit Py2 systems.

See https://github.com/cython/cython/pull/3677

Disable Py_UNICODE fallback for __Pyx_UnicodeContainsUCS4() in Py3.9 since Py_UNICODE is deprecated and PEP-393 unicode is practically required.

* Validate and fix temp releasing (GH-3708)
Backports 92147baf.

    * Fix a temp leak in the type init code.
    * Fix temp leaks in fused types initialisation code.
    * Correctly release the buffer index temps allocated for index calculations.
    * Make tests fails hard if a temp variable is not released at the end of a generated function.
    * Fix temp leak in switch statement code.
    * Make end-to-end tests fail on refnanny output.
    * Fix result temp leak in PyTypeTestNode.
    * Fix result temp leak in external type/function import code and enable the refnanny check for them.
    * Fix temp leak when try-return-finally is used in generators.
    * Make it explicit when an allocated temp is not meant to be reused.
    * Fix temp leak when assigning to the real/imag attributes of complex numbers.
    * Fix temp leak when assigning to a memoryview slice.
    * Clean up "num_threads" result temp in parallel section, not only in prange loop.
    * Fix temp leak in Pythran buffer setitem code.
    * Simplify NumPyMethodCallNode since it does not need the Python function anymore. Previously, it generated code that needlessly looked up the Python function without actually using it.
    * Fix temp leak when deleting C++ objects.
    * Add a test that actually reusing temps when deleting C++ objects works correctly.