Change location and refactor issue closing pattern documentation

## Moving docs to a new location?

See the guidelines: http://docs.gitlab.com/ce/development/doc_styleguide.html#changing-document-location

- [x] Make sure the old link is not removed and has its contents replaced with a link to the new location.
- [x] Make sure internal links pointing to the document in question are not broken.
- [x] Search and replace any links referring to old docs in GitLab Rails app, specifically under the `app/views/` directory.
- [x] If working on CE, submit an MR to EE with the changes as well.

See merge request !6466