Prior to GitLab 9.0, attachments were not tracked the `uploads` table,
so it was possible that the appearance logos were just stored in the
database as a string and mounted via CarrierWave.

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/29240 implemented in
GitLab 10.3 was supposed to cover populating the `uploads` table for all
attachments, including all the logos from appearances. However, it's
possible that didn't work for logos or the `uploads` entry was orphaned.

GitLab instances that had a customized logo with no associated `uploads`
entry would see Error 500s. The only way to fix this is to delete the
`logo` column from the `appearances` table and re-upload the attachment.

This change makes things more robust by falling back to the original
behavior if the upload is not available.

This is a CE backport of
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/9277.

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/issues/9357