Accept environment variables from the `pre-receive` script

## Summary

1. Starting version 2.11, git changed the way the pre-receive flow works.
  - Previously, the new potential objects would be added to the main repo. If the pre-receive passes, the new objects stay in the repo but are linked up. If the pre-receive fails, the new objects stay orphaned in the repo, and are cleaned up during the next `git gc`.
  - In 2.11, the new potential objects are added to a temporary "alternate object directory", that git creates for this purpose. If the pre-receive passes, the objects from the alternate object directory are migrated to the main repo. If the pre-receive fails the alternate object directory is simply deleted.
2. In our workflow, the pre-recieve script (in `gitlab-shell`) calls the
   `/allowed` endpoint, which calls out directly to git to perform
   various checks. These direct calls to git do _not_ have the necessary
   environme...