Validate foreign keys being indexed

changelogs/unreleased/validate-foreign-keys-being-indexed.yml

+---
+title: Validate foreign keys being indexed
+merge_request:
+author:
+type: performance

changelogs/unreleased/validate-that-foreign-keys-are-created.yml

+---
+title: Validate that FK is created for column with _id
+merge_request:
+author:
+type: performance

db/migrate/20181030154446_add_missing_indexes_for_foreign_keys.rb

+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddMissingIndexesForForeignKeys < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  include Gitlab::Database::MigrationHelpers
+
+  DOWNTIME = false
+
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def up
+    add_concurrent_index(:application_settings, :usage_stats_set_by_user_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:ci_pipeline_schedules, :owner_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:ci_trigger_requests, :trigger_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:ci_triggers, :owner_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:clusters_applications_helm, :cluster_id, unique: true)
+    add_concurrent_index(:clusters_applications_ingress, :cluster_id, unique: true)
+    add_concurrent_index(:clusters_applications_jupyter, :cluster_id, unique: true)
+    add_concurrent_index(:clusters_applications_jupyter, :oauth_application_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:clusters_applications_prometheus, :cluster_id, unique: true)
+    add_concurrent_index(:fork_network_members, :forked_from_project_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:internal_ids, :namespace_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:internal_ids, :project_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:issues, :closed_by_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:label_priorities, :label_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:merge_request_metrics, :merged_by_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:merge_request_metrics, :latest_closed_by_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:oauth_openid_requests, :access_grant_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:project_deploy_tokens, :deploy_token_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:protected_tag_create_access_levels, :group_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:subscriptions, :project_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:user_statuses, :user_id)
+    add_concurrent_index(:users, :accepted_term_id)
+  end
+
+  def down
+    # no-op
+  end
+end

db/schema.rb

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "diff_max_patch_bytes", default: 102400, null: false
     t.integer "archive_builds_in_seconds"
     t.string "commit_email_hostname"
+    t.index ["usage_stats_set_by_user_id"], name: "index_application_settings_on_usage_stats_set_by_user_id", using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "audit_events", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -435,6 +436,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.datetime "created_at"
     t.datetime "updated_at"
     t.index ["next_run_at", "active"], name: "index_ci_pipeline_schedules_on_next_run_at_and_active", using: :btree
+    t.index ["owner_id"], name: "index_ci_pipeline_schedules_on_owner_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["project_id"], name: "index_ci_pipeline_schedules_on_project_id", using: :btree
   end
 
@@ -547,6 +549,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.datetime "updated_at"
     t.integer "commit_id"
     t.index ["commit_id"], name: "index_ci_trigger_requests_on_commit_id", using: :btree
+    t.index ["trigger_id"], name: "index_ci_trigger_requests_on_trigger_id", using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "ci_triggers", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -557,6 +560,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "owner_id"
     t.string "description"
     t.string "ref"
+    t.index ["owner_id"], name: "index_ci_triggers_on_owner_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["project_id"], name: "index_ci_triggers_on_project_id", using: :btree
   end
 
@@ -646,6 +650,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.text "encrypted_ca_key"
     t.text "encrypted_ca_key_iv"
     t.text "ca_cert"
+    t.index ["cluster_id"], name: "index_clusters_applications_helm_on_cluster_id", unique: true, using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "clusters_applications_ingress", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -658,6 +663,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.string "cluster_ip"
     t.text "status_reason"
     t.string "external_ip"
+    t.index ["cluster_id"], name: "index_clusters_applications_ingress_on_cluster_id", unique: true, using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "clusters_applications_jupyter", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -669,6 +675,8 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.datetime_with_timezone "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime_with_timezone "updated_at", null: false
     t.text "status_reason"
+    t.index ["cluster_id"], name: "index_clusters_applications_jupyter_on_cluster_id", unique: true, using: :btree
+    t.index ["oauth_application_id"], name: "index_clusters_applications_jupyter_on_oauth_application_id", using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "clusters_applications_knative", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -688,6 +696,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.text "status_reason"
     t.datetime_with_timezone "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime_with_timezone "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["cluster_id"], name: "index_clusters_applications_prometheus_on_cluster_id", unique: true, using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "clusters_applications_runners", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -871,6 +880,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "project_id", null: false
     t.integer "forked_from_project_id"
     t.index ["fork_network_id"], name: "index_fork_network_members_on_fork_network_id", using: :btree
+    t.index ["forked_from_project_id"], name: "index_fork_network_members_on_forked_from_project_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["project_id"], name: "index_fork_network_members_on_project_id", unique: true, using: :btree
   end
 
@@ -960,6 +970,8 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "usage", null: false
     t.integer "last_value", null: false
     t.integer "namespace_id"
+    t.index ["namespace_id"], name: "index_internal_ids_on_namespace_id", using: :btree
+    t.index ["project_id"], name: "index_internal_ids_on_project_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["usage", "namespace_id"], name: "index_internal_ids_on_usage_and_namespace_id", unique: true, where: "(namespace_id IS NOT NULL)", using: :btree
     t.index ["usage", "project_id"], name: "index_internal_ids_on_usage_and_project_id", unique: true, where: "(project_id IS NOT NULL)", using: :btree
   end
@@ -1007,6 +1019,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.datetime_with_timezone "closed_at"
     t.integer "closed_by_id"
     t.index ["author_id"], name: "index_issues_on_author_id", using: :btree
+    t.index ["closed_by_id"], name: "index_issues_on_closed_by_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["confidential"], name: "index_issues_on_confidential", using: :btree
     t.index ["description"], name: "index_issues_on_description_trigram", using: :gin, opclasses: {"description"=>"gin_trgm_ops"}
     t.index ["milestone_id"], name: "index_issues_on_milestone_id", using: :btree
@@ -1052,6 +1065,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "priority", null: false
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["label_id"], name: "index_label_priorities_on_label_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["priority"], name: "index_label_priorities_on_priority", using: :btree
     t.index ["project_id", "label_id"], name: "index_label_priorities_on_project_id_and_label_id", unique: true, using: :btree
   end
@@ -1194,7 +1208,9 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "latest_closed_by_id"
     t.datetime_with_timezone "latest_closed_at"
     t.index ["first_deployed_to_production_at"], name: "index_merge_request_metrics_on_first_deployed_to_production_at", using: :btree
+    t.index ["latest_closed_by_id"], name: "index_merge_request_metrics_on_latest_closed_by_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["merge_request_id"], name: "index_merge_request_metrics", using: :btree
+    t.index ["merged_by_id"], name: "index_merge_request_metrics_on_merged_by_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["pipeline_id"], name: "index_merge_request_metrics_on_pipeline_id", using: :btree
   end
 
@@ -1436,6 +1452,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
   create_table "oauth_openid_requests", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.integer "access_grant_id", null: false
     t.string "nonce", null: false
+    t.index ["access_grant_id"], name: "index_oauth_openid_requests_on_access_grant_id", using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "pages_domains", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -1700,6 +1717,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.integer "group_id"
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["group_id"], name: "index_protected_tag_create_access_levels_on_group_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["protected_tag_id"], name: "index_protected_tag_create_access", using: :btree
     t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_protected_tag_create_access_levels_on_user_id", using: :btree
   end
@@ -1903,6 +1921,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.datetime "created_at"
     t.datetime "updated_at"
     t.integer "project_id"
+    t.index ["project_id"], name: "index_subscriptions_on_project_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["subscribable_id", "subscribable_type", "user_id", "project_id"], name: "index_subscriptions_on_subscribable_and_user_id_and_project_id", unique: true, using: :btree
   end
 
@@ -2067,6 +2086,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.string "emoji", default: "speech_balloon", null: false
     t.string "message", limit: 100
     t.string "message_html"
+    t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_user_statuses_on_user_id", using: :btree
   end
 
   create_table "user_synced_attributes_metadata", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -2147,6 +2167,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20181107054254) do
     t.boolean "private_profile"
     t.boolean "include_private_contributions"
     t.string "commit_email"
+    t.index ["accepted_term_id"], name: "index_users_on_accepted_term_id", using: :btree
     t.index ["admin"], name: "index_users_on_admin", using: :btree
     t.index ["confirmation_token"], name: "index_users_on_confirmation_token", unique: true, using: :btree
     t.index ["created_at"], name: "index_users_on_created_at", using: :btree

doc/development/migration_style_guide.md

@@ -187,12 +187,7 @@ end
 When adding a foreign-key constraint to either an existing or new
 column remember to also add a index on the column.
 
-This is _required_ if the foreign-key constraint specifies
-`ON DELETE CASCADE` or `ON DELETE SET NULL` behavior. On a cascading
-delete, the [corresponding record needs to be retrieved using an
-index](https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/postgresql-indexes-and-foreign-keys/)
-(otherwise, we'd need to scan the whole table) for subsequent update or
-deletion.
+This is _required_ for all foreign-keys.
 
 Here's an example where we add a new column with a foreign key
 constraint. Note it includes `index: true` to create an index for it.

spec/db/schema_spec.rb

+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe 'Database schema' do
+  let(:connection) { ActiveRecord::Base.connection }
+  let(:tables) { connection.tables }
+
+  # Use if you are certain that this column should not have a foreign key
+  IGNORED_FK_COLUMNS = {
+    abuse_reports: %w[reporter_id user_id],
+    application_settings: %w[performance_bar_allowed_group_id],
+    audit_events: %w[author_id entity_id],
+    award_emoji: %w[awardable_id user_id],
+    chat_names: %w[chat_id service_id team_id user_id],
+    chat_teams: %w[team_id],
+    ci_builds: %w[erased_by_id runner_id trigger_request_id user_id],
+    ci_pipelines: %w[user_id],
+    ci_runner_projects: %w[runner_id],
+    ci_trigger_requests: %w[commit_id],
+    cluster_providers_gcp: %w[gcp_project_id operation_id],
+    deploy_keys_projects: %w[deploy_key_id],
+    deployments: %w[deployable_id environment_id user_id],
+    emails: %w[user_id],
+    events: %w[target_id],
+    forked_project_links: %w[forked_from_project_id],
+    identities: %w[user_id],
+    issues: %w[last_edited_by_id],
+    keys: %w[user_id],
+    label_links: %w[target_id],
+    lfs_objects_projects: %w[lfs_object_id project_id],
+    members: %w[source_id created_by_id],
+    merge_requests: %w[last_edited_by_id],
+    namespaces: %w[owner_id parent_id],
+    notes: %w[author_id commit_id noteable_id updated_by_id resolved_by_id discussion_id],
+    notification_settings: %w[source_id],
+    oauth_access_grants: %w[resource_owner_id application_id],
+    oauth_access_tokens: %w[resource_owner_id application_id],
+    oauth_applications: %w[owner_id],
+    project_group_links: %w[group_id],
+    project_statistics: %w[namespace_id],
+    projects: %w[creator_id namespace_id ci_id],
+    redirect_routes: %w[source_id],
+    repository_languages: %w[programming_language_id],
+    routes: %w[source_id],
+    sent_notifications: %w[project_id noteable_id recipient_id commit_id in_reply_to_discussion_id],
+    snippets: %w[author_id],
+    spam_logs: %w[user_id],
+    subscriptions: %w[user_id subscribable_id],
+    taggings: %w[tag_id taggable_id tagger_id],
+    timelogs: %w[user_id],
+    todos: %w[target_id commit_id],
+    uploads: %w[model_id],
+    user_agent_details: %w[subject_id],
+    users: %w[color_scheme_id created_by_id theme_id],
+    users_star_projects: %w[user_id],
+    web_hooks: %w[service_id]
+  }.with_indifferent_access.freeze
+
+  context 'for table' do
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.sort.each do |table|
+      describe table do
+        let(:indexes) { connection.indexes(table) }
+        let(:columns) { connection.columns(table) }
+        let(:foreign_keys) { connection.foreign_keys(table) }
+
+        context 'all foreign keys' do
+          # for index to be effective, the FK constraint has to be at first place
+          it 'are indexed' do
+            first_indexed_column = indexes.map(&:columns).map(&:first)
+            foreign_keys_columns = foreign_keys.map(&:column)
+
+            expect(first_indexed_column.uniq).to include(*foreign_keys_columns)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'columns ending with _id' do
+          let(:column_names) { columns.map(&:name) }
+          let(:column_names_with_id) { column_names.select { |column_name| column_name.ends_with?('_id') } }
+          let(:foreign_keys_columns) { foreign_keys.map(&:column) }
+          let(:ignored_columns) { IGNORED_FK_COLUMNS[table] || [] }
+
+          it 'do have the foreign keys' do
+            expect(column_names_with_id - ignored_columns).to contain_exactly(*foreign_keys_columns)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end