ci: Bump all global cache keys for Debian bullseye

In https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/80362 we
bumped the CI images from Debian buster to bullseye. We bumped the
cache key for everything but the QA gems, which appear to be cached in
the `setup-test-env`.

Since Debian bullseye uses libc 2.29 but buster uses 2.28, this led to
errors in the `14-7-stable-ee` branch running C extensions compiled
against the former
(https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/jobs/2091504634).

To avoid any potential conflicts between Debian bullseye and buster,
bump all the `v1` cache keys to `v2`.

.gitlab/ci/global.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
   policy: pull
 
 .go-pkg-cache: &go-pkg-cache
-  key: "go-pkg-v1"
+  key: "go-pkg-v2"
   paths:
     - .go/pkg/mod/
   policy: pull
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
   policy: push  # We want to rebuild the cache from scratch to ensure stale dependencies are cleaned up.
 
 .node-modules-cache: &node-modules-cache
-  key: "node-modules-${NODE_ENV}-v1"
+  key: "node-modules-${NODE_ENV}-v2"
   paths:
     - node_modules/
     - tmp/cache/webpack-dlls/
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
   policy: push  # We want to rebuild the cache from scratch to ensure stale dependencies are cleaned up.
 
 .storybook-node-modules-cache: &storybook-node-modules-cache
-  key: "storybook-node-modules-${NODE_ENV}-v1"
+  key: "storybook-node-modules-${NODE_ENV}-v2"
   paths:
     - storybook/node_modules/
   policy: pull
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
   policy: push  # We want to rebuild the cache from scratch to ensure stale dependencies are cleaned up.
 
 .rubocop-cache: &rubocop-cache
-  key: "rubocop-v1"
+  key: "rubocop-v2"
   paths:
     - tmp/rubocop_cache/
   policy: pull
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
   policy: push
 
 .qa-ruby-gems-cache: &qa-ruby-gems-cache
-  key: "qa-ruby-gems-v1"
+  key: "qa-ruby-gems-v2"
   paths:
     - qa/vendor/ruby/
   policy: pull