Merge branch '326476-CreatePipelineService-returns-ServiceResponse' into 'master'

Return ServiceResponse from  CreatePipelineService#execute [RUN ALL RSPEC] [RUN AS-IF-FOSS]

See merge request gitlab-org/gitlab!64318

app/controllers/projects/pipelines_controller.rb

@@ -68,20 +68,22 @@ class Projects::PipelinesController < Projects::ApplicationController
   end
 
   def create
-    @pipeline = Ci::CreatePipelineService
+    service_response = Ci::CreatePipelineService
       .new(project, current_user, create_params)
       .execute(:web, ignore_skip_ci: true, save_on_errors: false)
 
+    @pipeline = service_response.payload
+
     respond_to do |format|
       format.html do
-        if @pipeline.created_successfully?
+        if service_response.success?
           redirect_to project_pipeline_path(project, @pipeline)
         else
           render 'new', status: :bad_request
         end
       end
       format.json do
-        if @pipeline.created_successfully?
+        if service_response.success?
           render json: PipelineSerializer
                          .new(project: project, current_user: current_user)
                          .represent(@pipeline),

app/services/ci/create_downstream_pipeline_service.rb

@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ module Ci
         current_user,
         pipeline_params.fetch(:target_revision))
 
-      downstream_pipeline = service.execute(
-        pipeline_params.fetch(:source), **pipeline_params[:execute_params])
+      downstream_pipeline = service
+        .execute(pipeline_params.fetch(:source), **pipeline_params[:execute_params])
+        .payload
 
       downstream_pipeline.tap do |pipeline|
         update_bridge_status!(@bridge, pipeline)

app/services/ci/create_pipeline_service.rb

@@ -87,12 +87,16 @@ module Ci
       if pipeline.persisted?
         schedule_head_pipeline_update
         create_namespace_onboarding_action
-      end
-
+      else
         # If pipeline is not persisted, try to recover IID
-      pipeline.reset_project_iid unless pipeline.persisted?
+        pipeline.reset_project_iid
+      end
 
-      pipeline
+      if error_message = pipeline.full_error_messages.presence || pipeline.failure_reason.presence
+        ServiceResponse.error(message: error_message, payload: pipeline)
+      else
+        ServiceResponse.success(payload: pipeline)
+      end
     end
     # rubocop: enable Metrics/ParameterLists
 
@@ -100,8 +104,8 @@ module Ci
       source = args[0]
       params = Hash(args[1])
 
-      execute(source, **params, &block).tap do |pipeline|
-        unless pipeline.persisted?
+      execute(source, **params, &block).tap do |response|
+        unless response.payload.persisted?
           raise CreateError, pipeline.full_error_messages
         end
       end

app/services/ci/external_pull_requests/create_pipeline_service.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ module Ci
   module ExternalPullRequests
     class CreatePipelineService < BaseService
       def execute(pull_request)
-        return unless pull_request.open? && pull_request.actual_branch_head?
+        return pull_request_not_open_error unless pull_request.open?
+        return pull_request_branch_error unless pull_request.actual_branch_head?
 
         create_pipeline_for(pull_request)
       end
@@ -26,6 +27,14 @@ module Ci
           target_sha: pull_request.target_sha
         }
       end
+
+      def pull_request_not_open_error
+        ServiceResponse.error(message: 'The pull request is not opened', payload: nil)
+      end
+
+      def pull_request_branch_error
+        ServiceResponse.error(message: 'The source sha is not the head of the source branch', payload: nil)
+      end
     end
   end
 end

app/services/ci/pipeline_trigger_service.rb

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ module Ci
       # this check is to not leak the presence of the project if user cannot read it
       return unless trigger.project == project
 
-      pipeline = Ci::CreatePipelineService
+      response = Ci::CreatePipelineService
         .new(project, trigger.owner, ref: params[:ref], variables_attributes: variables)
         .execute(:trigger, ignore_skip_ci: true) do |pipeline|
           pipeline.trigger_requests.build(trigger: trigger)
         end
 
-      pipeline_service_response(pipeline)
+      pipeline_service_response(response.payload)
     end
 
     def pipeline_service_response(pipeline)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ module Ci
       # this check is to not leak the presence of the project if user cannot read it
       return unless can?(job.user, :read_project, project)
 
-      pipeline = Ci::CreatePipelineService
+      response = Ci::CreatePipelineService
         .new(project, job.user, ref: params[:ref], variables_attributes: variables)
         .execute(:pipeline, ignore_skip_ci: true) do |pipeline|
           source = job.sourced_pipelines.build(
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ module Ci
           pipeline.source_pipeline = source
         end
 
-      pipeline_service_response(pipeline)
+      pipeline_service_response(response.payload)
     end
 
     def job_from_token

app/services/merge_requests/create_pipeline_service.rb

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 module MergeRequests
   class CreatePipelineService < MergeRequests::BaseService
     def execute(merge_request)
-      return unless can_create_pipeline_for?(merge_request)
+      return cannot_create_pipeline_error unless can_create_pipeline_for?(merge_request)
 
       create_detached_merge_request_pipeline(merge_request)
     end
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ module MergeRequests
       ::Gitlab::UserAccess.new(current_user, container: merge_request.target_project)
         .can_update_branch?(merge_request.source_branch_ref)
     end
+
+    def cannot_create_pipeline_error
+      ServiceResponse.error(message: 'Cannot create a pipeline for this merge request.', payload: nil)
+    end
   end
 end
 

ee/app/services/app_sec/dast/profiles/update_service.rb

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ module AppSec
 
           response = create_scan(dast_profile)
 
-          return response if response.error?
+          return error(response.message) if response.error?
 
           success(dast_profile: dast_profile, pipeline_url: response.payload.fetch(:pipeline_url))
         end

ee/app/services/ci/run_dast_scan_service.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ module Ci
 
       service = Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, current_user, ref: branch)
 
-      pipeline = service.execute(:ondemand_dast_scan, content: ci_configuration) do |pipeline|
+      response = service.execute(:ondemand_dast_scan, content: ci_configuration) do |pipeline|
         if dast_profile
           pipeline.dast_profile = dast_profile
         else
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ module Ci
         end
       end
 
+      pipeline = response.payload
       if pipeline.created_successfully?
         ServiceResponse.success(payload: pipeline)
       else

ee/app/services/ee/merge_requests/create_pipeline_service.rb

@@ -7,17 +7,19 @@ module EE
 
       override :execute
       def execute(merge_request)
-        create_merged_result_pipeline_for(merge_request) || super
+        response = create_merged_result_pipeline_for(merge_request)
+
+        return response if response.success?
+
+        super
       end
 
       def create_merged_result_pipeline_for(merge_request)
-        return unless can_create_merged_result_pipeline_for?(merge_request)
+        return cannot_create_pipeline_error unless can_create_merged_result_pipeline_for?(merge_request)
 
         result = ::MergeRequests::MergeabilityCheckService.new(merge_request).execute(recheck: true)
 
-        if result.success? &&
-           merge_request.mergeable_state?(skip_ci_check: true, skip_discussions_check: true)
-
+        if result.success? && merge_request.mergeable_state?(skip_ci_check: true, skip_discussions_check: true)
           ref_payload = result.payload.fetch(:merge_ref_head)
 
           ::Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(merge_request.target_project, current_user,
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ module EE
                                           target_sha: ref_payload[:target_id],
                                           source_sha: ref_payload[:source_id])
             .execute(:merge_request_event, merge_request: merge_request)
+        else
+          cannot_create_pipeline_error
         end
       end
 

ee/app/services/merge_trains/create_pipeline_service.rb

@@ -39,16 +39,16 @@ module MergeTrains
     end
 
     def create_pipeline(merge_request, merge_status)
-      pipeline = ::Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(merge_request.target_project, merge_request.merge_user,
+      response = ::Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(merge_request.target_project, merge_request.merge_user,
                                                  ref: merge_request.train_ref_path,
                                                  checkout_sha: merge_status[:commit_id],
                                                  target_sha: merge_status[:target_id],
                                                  source_sha: merge_status[:source_id])
                                             .execute(:merge_request_event, merge_request: merge_request)
 
-      return error(pipeline.full_error_messages) unless pipeline.persisted?
+      return error(response.message) if response.error? && !response.payload.persisted?
 
-      success(pipeline: pipeline)
+      success(pipeline: response.payload)
     end
 
     def can_add_to_merge_train?(merge_request)

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Browser-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Browser-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/dast_default_branch_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/DAST-Default-Branch-Deploy.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Load-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Load-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Verify/Browser-Performance.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Verify/Browser-Performance.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Verify/Load-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Verify/Load-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'API-Fuzzing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     context 'when no stages' do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'API-Fuzzing.latest.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     context 'when no stages' do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/cluster_image_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Cluster-Image-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master' ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/container_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Container-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master' ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'DAST-API.gitlab-ci.yml' do
 
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'DAST.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
     let(:ci_pipeline_yaml) { "stages: [\"dast\"]\n" }
 

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'DAST.latest.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
     let(:ci_pipeline_yaml) { "stages: [\"dast\"]\n" }
 

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dependency_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: files) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/license_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'License-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/sast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'SAST.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: files) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/secure_binaries_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Secure-Binaries.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

ee/spec/requests/api/graphql/mutations/dast/profiles/run_spec.rb

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ RSpec.describe 'Running a DAST Profile' do
     end
 
     context 'when pipeline creation fails' do
+      let(:fake_pipeline) { instance_double('Ci::Pipeline', created_successfully?: false, full_error_messages: 'full error messages') }
+      let(:fake_service) { instance_double('Ci::CreatePipelineService', execute: ServiceResponse.error(message: 'error message', payload: fake_pipeline)) }
+
       before do
-        allow_next_instance_of(Ci::Pipeline) do |instance|
-          allow(instance).to receive(:created_successfully?).and_return(false)
-          allow(instance).to receive(:full_error_messages).and_return('error message')
-        end
+        allow(Ci::CreatePipelineService).to receive(:new).and_return(fake_service)
       end
 
-      it_behaves_like 'a mutation that returns errors in the response', errors: ['error message']
+      it_behaves_like 'a mutation that returns errors in the response', errors: ['full error messages']
     end
   end
 end

ee/spec/requests/api/graphql/mutations/dast_on_demand_scans/create_spec.rb

@@ -63,12 +63,14 @@ RSpec.describe 'Running a DAST Scan' do
     end
 
     context 'when pipeline creation fails' do
+      let(:fake_pipeline) { instance_double('Ci::Pipeline', created_successfully?: false, full_error_messages: 'full error messages') }
+      let(:fake_service) { instance_double('Ci::CreatePipelineService', execute: ServiceResponse.error(message: 'error message', payload: fake_pipeline)) }
+
       before do
-        allow_any_instance_of(Ci::Pipeline).to receive(:created_successfully?).and_return(false)
-        allow_any_instance_of(Ci::Pipeline).to receive(:full_error_messages).and_return('error message')
+        allow(Ci::CreatePipelineService).to receive(:new).and_return(fake_service)
       end
 
-      it_behaves_like 'a mutation that returns errors in the response', errors: ['error message']
+      it_behaves_like 'a mutation that returns errors in the response', errors: ['full error messages']
     end
   end
 end

ee/spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/compliance_spec.rb

@@ -41,12 +41,16 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
       compliance_project.add_maintainer(project.owner)
     end
 
+    it 'responds with success' do
+      is_expected.to be_success
+    end
+
     it 'persists pipeline' do
-      is_expected.to be_persisted
+      expect(execute.payload).to be_persisted
     end
 
     it 'sets the correct source' do
-      expect(execute.config_source).to eq("compliance_source")
+      expect(execute.payload.config_source).to eq("compliance_source")
     end
 
     it 'persists jobs' do
@@ -54,13 +58,13 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     end
 
     it do
-      expect(execute.processables.map(&:name)).to contain_exactly('compliance_build', 'compliance_test')
+      expect(execute.payload.processables.map(&:name)).to contain_exactly('compliance_build', 'compliance_test')
     end
   end
 
   context 'when user does not have access to compliance project' do
     it 'includes access denied error' do
-      expect(execute.yaml_errors).to eq "Project `compliance/hippa` not found or access denied!"
+      expect(execute.payload.yaml_errors).to eq "Project `compliance/hippa` not found or access denied!"
     end
 
     it 'does not persist jobs' do

ee/spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/cross_needs_artifacts_spec.rb

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
       ]
     end
 
-    let(:build_job) { subject.builds.find_by!(name: :build_job) }
+    let(:build_job) { subject.payload.builds.find_by!(name: :build_job) }
 
     it 'persists pipeline' do
-      is_expected.to be_persisted
+      expect(subject.payload).to be_persisted
     end
 
     it 'persists job' do
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
       %w[build_job_1]
     end
 
-    let(:test_job) { subject.builds.find_by!(name: :test_job) }
+    let(:test_job) { subject.payload.builds.find_by!(name: :test_job) }
 
     it 'persists pipeline' do
-      is_expected.to be_persisted
+      expect(subject.payload).to be_persisted
     end
 
     it 'persists jobs' do
@@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     end
 
     it 'persists pipeline' do
-      is_expected.to be_persisted
+      expect(subject.payload).to be_persisted
     end
 
     it 'has errors' do
-      expect(subject.yaml_errors)
+      expect(subject.payload.yaml_errors)
         .to include('jobs:build_job:needs:need ref should be a string')
     end
   end

ee/spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/dast_configuration_spec.rb

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
       .to_runner_variables
   end
 
-  subject { described_class.new(project, user, ref: 'refs/heads/master').execute(:push) }
+  subject { described_class.new(project, user, ref: 'refs/heads/master').execute(:push).payload }
 
   before do
     stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)

ee/spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/needs_spec.rb

@@ -126,6 +126,6 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   end
 
   def create_pipeline!
-    service.execute(:push)
+    service.execute(:push).payload
   end
 end

ee/spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/runnable_builds_spec.rb

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, :sidekiq_inline do
     stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)
   end
 
-  it 'drops builds that match shared runners' do
-    pipeline = create_pipeline!
+  it 'drops builds that match shared runners', :aggregate_failures do
+    pipeline = create_pipeline
 
     job1 = pipeline.builds.find_by_name('job1')
     job2 = pipeline.builds.find_by_name('job2')
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, :sidekiq_inline do
       create(:ci_runner, :project, :online, projects: [project])
     end
 
-    it 'does not drop the builds' do
-      pipeline = create_pipeline!
+    it 'does not drop the builds', :aggregate_failures do
+      pipeline = create_pipeline
 
       job1 = pipeline.builds.find_by_name('job1')
       job2 = pipeline.builds.find_by_name('job2')
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, :sidekiq_inline do
     end
   end
 
-  def create_pipeline!
-    service.execute(:push)
+  def create_pipeline
+    service.execute(:push).payload
   end
 end

ee/spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service_spec.rb

@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
 
   describe 'CI/CD Quotas / Limits' do
     context 'when there are not limits enabled' do
-      it 'enqueues a new pipeline' do
-        pipeline = create_pipeline!
+      it 'enqueues a new pipeline', :aggregate_failures do
+        response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
+        expect(response).to be_success
         expect(pipeline).to be_created_successfully
       end
     end
@@ -44,9 +45,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
         create(:ci_pipeline, project: project, status: 'running')
       end
 
-      it 'drops the pipeline and does not process jobs' do
-        pipeline = create_pipeline!
+      it 'drops the pipeline and does not process jobs', :aggregate_failures do
+        response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
+        expect(response).to be_error
         expect(pipeline).to be_persisted
         expect(pipeline).to be_failed
         expect(pipeline.statuses).not_to be_empty
@@ -60,9 +62,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
         plan_limits.update_column(:ci_pipeline_size, 2)
       end
 
-      it 'drops pipeline without creating jobs' do
-        pipeline = create_pipeline!
+      it 'drops pipeline without creating jobs', :aggregate_failures do
+        response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
+        expect(response).to be_error
         expect(pipeline).to be_persisted
         expect(pipeline).to be_failed
         expect(pipeline.statuses).to be_empty
@@ -85,12 +88,13 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
       YAML
     end
 
-    it 'creates bridge jobs correctly' do
-      pipeline = create_pipeline!
+    it 'creates bridge jobs correctly', :aggregate_failures do
+      response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
       test = pipeline.statuses.find_by(name: 'test')
       bridge = pipeline.statuses.find_by(name: 'deploy')
 
+      expect(response).to be_success
       expect(pipeline).to be_persisted
       expect(test).to be_a Ci::Build
       expect(bridge).to be_a Ci::Bridge
@@ -124,7 +128,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
 
       context 'that include the bridge job' do
         it 'persists the bridge job' do
-          pipeline = create_pipeline!
+          _, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
           expect(pipeline.processables.pluck(:name)).to contain_exactly('hello', 'bridge-job')
         end
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
         let(:ref_name) { 'refs/heads/wip' }
 
         it 'does not include the bridge job' do
-          pipeline = create_pipeline!
+          _, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
           expect(pipeline.processables.pluck(:name)).to eq(%w[hello])
         end
@@ -154,9 +158,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
       YAML
     end
 
-    it 'persists secrets as job metadata' do
-      pipeline = create_pipeline!
+    it 'persists secrets as job metadata', :aggregate_failures do
+      response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
+      expect(response).to be_success
       expect(pipeline).to be_persisted
 
       build = Ci::Build.find(pipeline.builds.first.id)
@@ -175,9 +180,10 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
 
   describe 'credit card requirement' do
     shared_examples 'creates a successful pipeline' do
-      it 'creates a successful pipeline' do
-        pipeline = create_pipeline!
+      it 'creates a successful pipeline', :aggregate_failures do
+        response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
+        expect(response).to be_success
         expect(pipeline).to be_created_successfully
       end
     end
@@ -200,7 +206,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
 
         context 'when user does not have credit card' do
           it 'creates a pipeline with errors', :aggregate_failures do
-            pipeline = create_pipeline!
+            _, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
             expect(pipeline).not_to be_created_successfully
             expect(pipeline.failure_reason).to eq('user_not_verified')
@@ -212,8 +218,9 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
             end
 
             it 'does not create a pipeline', :aggregate_failures do
-              pipeline = create_pipeline!
+              response, pipeline = create_pipeline!
 
+              expect(response).to be_error
               expect(pipeline).not_to be_persisted
             end
           end
@@ -235,6 +242,8 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
   end
 
   def create_pipeline!
-    service.execute(:push)
+    response = service.execute(:push)
+
+    [response, response.payload]
   end
 end

ee/spec/services/ci/run_dast_scan_service_spec.rb

@@ -185,19 +185,20 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::RunDastScanService do
       end
 
       context 'when the pipeline fails to save' do
+        let(:fake_pipeline) { instance_double 'Ci::Pipeline', created_successfully?: false, full_error_messages: 'Fake full error messages' }
+        let(:fake_response) { ServiceResponse.error(message: 'Fake error message', payload: fake_pipeline) }
+        let(:fake_service) { instance_double "Ci::CreatePipelineService", execute: fake_response }
+
         before do
-          allow_any_instance_of(Ci::Pipeline).to receive(:created_successfully?).and_return(false)
-          allow_any_instance_of(Ci::Pipeline).to receive(:full_error_messages).and_return(full_error_messages)
+          allow(Ci::CreatePipelineService).to receive(:new).and_return(fake_service)
         end
 
-        let(:full_error_messages) { SecureRandom.hex }
-
         it 'returns an error status' do
           expect(status).to eq(:error)
         end
 
         it 'populates message' do
-          expect(message).to eq(full_error_messages)
+          expect(message).to eq('Fake full error messages')
         end
       end
 

ee/spec/services/ee/merge_requests/create_pipeline_service_spec.rb

@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService, :clean_gitlab_redis_shared_
         expect(merge_request.all_pipelines.last).not_to be_merged_result_pipeline
         expect(merge_request.all_pipelines.last).to be_detached_merge_request_pipeline
       end
+
+      it 'responds with success', :sidekiq_might_not_need_inline, :aggregate_failures do
+        expect(subject).to be_success
+        expect(subject.payload).to eq(Ci::Pipeline.last)
+      end
     end
 
     it 'creates a merge request pipeline', :sidekiq_might_not_need_inline do
@@ -62,6 +67,11 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService, :clean_gitlab_redis_shared_
       expect(merge_request.all_pipelines.last).not_to be_detached_merge_request_pipeline
     end
 
+    it 'responds with success', :sidekiq_might_not_need_inline, :aggregate_failures do
+      expect(subject).to be_success
+      expect(subject.payload).to eq(Ci::Pipeline.last)
+    end
+
     context 'when merge request is WIP' do
       before do
         merge_request.update!(title: merge_request.wip_title)
@@ -128,11 +138,16 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService, :clean_gitlab_redis_shared_
     context 'when .gitlab-ci.yml is invalid' do
       let(:ci_yaml) { 'invalid yaml file' }
 
-      it 'persists a pipeline with a config error' do
+      it 'persists a pipeline with a config error', :aggregate_failures do
         expect { subject }.to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }.by(1)
         expect(merge_request.all_pipelines.last).to be_failed
         expect(merge_request.all_pipelines.last).to be_config_error
       end
+
+      it 'responds with error', :aggregate_failures do
+        expect(subject).to be_error
+        expect(subject.message).to eq('Cannot create a pipeline for this merge request.')
+      end
     end
   end
 end

lib/api/ci/pipelines.rb

@@ -78,12 +78,11 @@ module API
             .merge(variables_attributes: params[:variables])
             .except(:variables)
 
-          new_pipeline = ::Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(user_project,
-                                                         current_user,
-                                                         pipeline_params)
+          response = ::Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(user_project, current_user, pipeline_params)
             .execute(:api, ignore_skip_ci: true, save_on_errors: false)
+          new_pipeline = response.payload
 
-          if new_pipeline.persisted?
+          if response.success?
             present new_pipeline, with: Entities::Ci::Pipeline
           else
             render_validation_error!(new_pipeline)

lib/api/merge_requests.rb

@@ -404,6 +404,7 @@ module API
         pipeline = ::MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService
           .new(project: user_project, current_user: current_user, params: { allow_duplicate: true })
           .execute(find_merge_request_with_access(params[:merge_request_iid]))
+          .payload
 
         if pipeline.nil?
           not_allowed!

lib/gitlab/chat/command.rb

@@ -54,10 +54,12 @@ module Gitlab
           }
         )
 
-        service.execute(:chat) do |pipeline|
+        response = service.execute(:chat) do |pipeline|
           build_environment_variables(pipeline)
           build_chat_data(pipeline)
         end
+
+        response.payload
       end
 
       # pipeline - The `Ci::Pipeline` to create the environment variables for.

lib/gitlab/ci/lint.rb

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ module Gitlab
         pipeline = ::Ci::CreatePipelineService
           .new(@project, @current_user, ref: @project.default_branch)
           .execute(:push, dry_run: true, content: content)
+          .payload
 
         Result.new(
           jobs: dry_run_convert_to_jobs(pipeline.stages),

spec/features/merge_request/user_sees_merge_request_pipelines_spec.rb

@@ -44,11 +44,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Merge request > User sees pipelines triggered by merge request',
     let!(:push_pipeline) do
       Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'feature')
         .execute(:push)
+        .payload
     end
 
     let!(:detached_merge_request_pipeline) do
       Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'feature')
         .execute(:merge_request_event, merge_request: merge_request)
+        .payload
     end
 
     before do
@@ -78,11 +80,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Merge request > User sees pipelines triggered by merge request',
       let!(:push_pipeline_2) do
         Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'feature')
           .execute(:push)
+          .payload
       end
 
       let!(:detached_merge_request_pipeline_2) do
         Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'feature')
           .execute(:merge_request_event, merge_request: merge_request)
+          .payload
       end
 
       before do
@@ -223,11 +227,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Merge request > User sees pipelines triggered by merge request',
     let!(:push_pipeline) do
       Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(forked_project, user2, ref: 'feature')
         .execute(:push)
+        .payload
     end
 
     let!(:detached_merge_request_pipeline) do
       Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(forked_project, user2, ref: 'feature')
         .execute(:merge_request_event, merge_request: merge_request)
+        .payload
     end
 
     let(:forked_project) { fork_project(project, user2, repository: true) }
@@ -268,11 +274,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Merge request > User sees pipelines triggered by merge request',
       let!(:push_pipeline_2) do
         Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(forked_project, user2, ref: 'feature')
           .execute(:push)
+          .payload
       end
 
       let!(:detached_merge_request_pipeline_2) do
         Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(forked_project, user2, ref: 'feature')
           .execute(:merge_request_event, merge_request: merge_request)
+          .payload
       end
 
       before do

spec/features/merge_request/user_sees_pipelines_spec.rb

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Merge request > User sees pipelines', :js do
 
         threads << Thread.new do
           Sidekiq::Worker.skipping_transaction_check do
-            @pipeline = Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, build_push_data).execute(:push)
+            @pipeline = Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, build_push_data).execute(:push).payload
           end
         end
 

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/5_minute_production_app_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RSpec.describe '5-Minute-Production-App.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/AWS/deploy_ecs_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Deploy-ECS.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :auto_devops, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.md' => '' }) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
     let(:platform_target) { 'ECS' }
 

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/build_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/code_quality_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Code-Quality.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Code-Quality.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/deploy_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Deploy.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Deploy.gitlab-ci.yml' do
       context 'on merge request' do
         let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
         let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-        let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+        let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
         it 'has no jobs' do
           expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/test_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Test.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Jobs/Test.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Terraform/base_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Terraform/Base.latest.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.md' => '' }) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Verify/Load-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Verify/Load-Performance-Testing.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     context 'on merge request' do
       let(:service) { MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService.new(project: project, current_user: user) }
       let(:merge_request) { create(:merge_request, :simple, source_project: project) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute(merge_request).payload }
 
       it 'has no jobs' do
         expect(pipeline).to be_merge_request_event

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/auto_devops_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml' do
       let(:project) { create(:project, :auto_devops, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.md' => '' }) }
       let(:user) { project.owner }
       let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-      let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+      let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
       let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
       before do
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml' do
         let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: files) }
         let(:user) { project.owner }
         let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: default_branch ) }
-        let(:pipeline) { service.execute(:push) }
+        let(:pipeline) { service.execute(:push).payload }
         let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
         before do

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/flutter_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Flutter.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.md' => '' }) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/managed_cluster_applications_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Managed-Cluster-Applications.gitlab-ci.yml' do
 
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, namespace: user.namespace, files: { 'README.md' => '' }) }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
     let(:default_branch) { project.default_branch_or_main }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/npm_spec.rb

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'npm.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:pipeline_tag) { 'v1.2.1' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { pipeline_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     def create_branch(name:)

spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/terraform_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Terraform.latest.gitlab-ci.yml' do
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.md' => '' }) }
     let(:user) { project.owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
     before do

spec/services/ci/create_downstream_pipeline_service_spec.rb

@@ -624,6 +624,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreateDownstreamPipelineService, '#execute' do
       let(:primary_pipeline) do
         Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(upstream_project, upstream_project.owner, { ref: 'master' })
           .execute(:push, save_on_errors: false)
+          .payload
       end
 
       let(:bridge)  { primary_pipeline.processables.find_by(name: 'bridge-job') }

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/cache_spec.rb

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     let(:ref)      { 'refs/heads/master' }
     let(:source)   { :push }
     let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source).payload }
     let(:job)      { pipeline.builds.find_by(name: 'job') }
 
     before do

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/creation_errors_and_warnings_spec.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     let(:ref)      { 'refs/heads/master' }
     let(:source)   { :push }
     let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source).payload }
 
     before do
       stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/cross_project_pipeline_spec.rb

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
   end
 
   def create_pipeline!
-    service.execute(:push)
+    service.execute(:push).payload
   end
 
   def create_gitlab_ci_yml(project, content)

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/custom_config_content_spec.rb

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   let(:upstream_pipeline) { create(:ci_pipeline, project: project) }
   let(:bridge) { create(:ci_bridge, pipeline: upstream_pipeline) }
 
-  subject { service.execute(:push, bridge: bridge) }
+  subject { service.execute(:push, bridge: bridge).payload }
 
   context 'custom config content' do
     let(:bridge) do

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/custom_yaml_tags_spec.rb

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     let(:ref) { 'refs/heads/master' }
     let(:source) { :push }
     let(:service) { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source).payload }
 
     before do
       stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/dry_run_spec.rb

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   let(:ref) { 'refs/heads/master' }
   let(:service) { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
 
-  subject { service.execute(:push, dry_run: true) }
+  subject { service.execute(:push, dry_run: true).payload }
 
   before do
     stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/environment_spec.rb

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   end
 
   describe '#execute' do
-    subject { service.execute(:push) }
+    subject { service.execute(:push).payload }
 
     context 'with deployment tier' do
       before do

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/evaluate_runner_tags_spec.rb

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   let_it_be(:user)           { create(:user) }
 
   let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
-  let(:pipeline) { service.execute(:push) }
+  let(:pipeline) { service.execute(:push).payload }
   let(:job)      { pipeline.builds.find_by(name: 'job') }
 
   before do

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/merge_requests_spec.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     let(:ref)      { 'refs/heads/feature' }
     let(:source)   { :push }
     let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source).payload }
 
     before do
       stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file <<-EOS

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/needs_spec.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
     let(:ref)      { 'refs/heads/master' }
     let(:source)   { :push }
     let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source).payload }
 
     before do
       stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/parallel_spec.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   let_it_be(:user)    { project.owner }
 
   let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: 'master' }) }
-  let(:pipeline) { service.execute(:push) }
+  let(:pipeline) { service.execute(:push).payload }
 
   before do
     stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(config)

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/parameter_content_spec.rb

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
 
   describe '#execute' do
     context 'when source is a dangling build' do
-      subject { service.execute(:ondemand_dast_scan, content: content) }
+      subject { service.execute(:ondemand_dast_scan, content: content).payload }
 
       context 'parameter config content' do
         it 'creates a pipeline' do

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/parent_child_pipeline_spec.rb

@@ -369,6 +369,6 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService, '#execute' do
   end
 
   def create_pipeline!
-    service.execute(:push)
+    service.execute(:push).payload
   end
 end

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/pre_post_stages_spec.rb

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
 
     let(:source)   { :push }
     let(:service)  { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source) }
+    let(:pipeline) { service.execute(source).payload }
 
     let(:config) do
       <<~YAML

spec/services/ci/create_pipeline_service/rules_spec.rb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::CreatePipelineService do
   let(:ref)         { 'refs/heads/master' }
   let(:source)      { :push }
   let(:service)     { described_class.new(project, user, { ref: ref }) }
-  let(:pipeline)    { service.execute(source) }
+  let(:pipeline)    { service.execute(source).payload }
   let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
 
   context 'job:rules' do

spec/services/ci/external_pull_requests/create_pipeline_service_spec.rb

@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::ExternalPullRequests::CreatePipelineService do
   describe '#execute' do
     let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :auto_devops, :repository) }
     let_it_be(:user) { create(:user) }
-
-    let(:pull_request) { create(:external_pull_request, project: project) }
+    let_it_be_with_reload(:pull_request) { create(:external_pull_request, project: project) }
 
     before do
       project.add_maintainer(user)
     end
 
-    subject { described_class.new(project, user).execute(pull_request) }
+    subject(:response) { described_class.new(project, user).execute(pull_request) }
 
     context 'when pull request is open' do
       before do
@@ -28,17 +27,20 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::ExternalPullRequests::CreatePipelineService do
           pull_request.update!(source_branch: source_branch.name, source_sha: source_branch.target)
         end
 
-        it 'creates a pipeline for external pull request' do
-          expect(subject).to be_valid
-          expect(subject).to be_persisted
-          expect(subject).to be_external_pull_request_event
-          expect(subject).to eq(project.ci_pipelines.last)
-          expect(subject.external_pull_request).to eq(pull_request)
-          expect(subject.user).to eq(user)
-          expect(subject.status).to eq('created')
-          expect(subject.ref).to eq(pull_request.source_branch)
-          expect(subject.sha).to eq(pull_request.source_sha)
-          expect(subject.source_sha).to eq(pull_request.source_sha)
+        it 'creates a pipeline for external pull request', :aggregate_failures do
+          pipeline = response.payload
+
+          expect(response).to be_success
+          expect(pipeline).to be_valid
+          expect(pipeline).to be_persisted
+          expect(pipeline).to be_external_pull_request_event
+          expect(pipeline).to eq(project.ci_pipelines.last)
+          expect(pipeline.external_pull_request).to eq(pull_request)
+          expect(pipeline.user).to eq(user)
+          expect(pipeline.status).to eq('created')
+          expect(pipeline.ref).to eq(pull_request.source_branch)
+          expect(pipeline.sha).to eq(pull_request.source_sha)
+          expect(pipeline.source_sha).to eq(pull_request.source_sha)
         end
       end
 
@@ -50,10 +52,12 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::ExternalPullRequests::CreatePipelineService do
           pull_request.update!(source_branch: source_branch.name, source_sha: commit.sha)
         end
 
-        it 'does nothing' do
+        it 'does nothing', :aggregate_failures do
           expect(Ci::CreatePipelineService).not_to receive(:new)
 
-          expect(subject).to be_nil
+          expect(response).to be_error
+          expect(response.message).to eq('The source sha is not the head of the source branch')
+          expect(response.payload).to be_nil
         end
       end
     end
@@ -63,10 +67,12 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::ExternalPullRequests::CreatePipelineService do
         pull_request.update!(status: :closed)
       end
 
-      it 'does nothing' do
+      it 'does nothing', :aggregate_failures do
         expect(Ci::CreatePipelineService).not_to receive(:new)
 
-        expect(subject).to be_nil
+        expect(response).to be_error
+        expect(response.message).to eq('The pull request is not opened')
+        expect(response.payload).to be_nil
       end
     end
   end

spec/services/ci/pipeline_processing/shared_processing_service.rb

@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples 'Pipeline Processing Service' do
     end
 
     let(:pipeline) do
-      Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, { ref: 'master' }).execute(:push)
+      Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, { ref: 'master' }).execute(:push).payload
     end
 
     before do

spec/services/ci/pipeline_processing/shared_processing_service_tests_with_yaml.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.shared_context 'Pipeline Processing Service Tests With Yaml' do
 
   with_them do
     let(:test_file) { YAML.load_file(test_file_path) }
-    let(:pipeline) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master').execute(:pipeline) }
+    let(:pipeline) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master').execute(:pipeline).payload }
 
     before do
       stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(YAML.dump(test_file['config']))

spec/services/ci/pipeline_trigger_service_spec.rb

@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ RSpec.describe Ci::PipelineTriggerService do
       context 'when the pipeline was not created successfully' do
         let(:fail_pipeline) do
           receive(:execute).and_wrap_original do |original, *args|
-            pipeline = original.call(*args)
+            response = original.call(*args)
+            pipeline = response.payload
             pipeline.update!(failure_reason: 'unknown_failure')
-            pipeline
+
+            response
           end
         end
 

spec/services/merge_requests/create_pipeline_service_spec.rb

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
   end
 
   describe '#execute' do
-    subject { service.execute(merge_request) }
+    subject(:response) { service.execute(merge_request) }
 
     before do
       stub_ci_pipeline_yaml_file(YAML.dump(config))
@@ -39,14 +39,15 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
     let(:source_project) { project }
 
     it 'creates a detached merge request pipeline' do
-      expect { subject }.to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }.by(1)
+      expect { response }.to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }.by(1)
 
-      expect(subject).to be_persisted
-      expect(subject).to be_detached_merge_request_pipeline
+      expect(response).to be_success
+      expect(response.payload).to be_persisted
+      expect(response.payload).to be_detached_merge_request_pipeline
     end
 
     it 'defaults to merge_request_event' do
-      expect(subject.source).to eq('merge_request_event')
+      expect(response.payload.source).to eq('merge_request_event')
     end
 
     context 'with fork merge request' do
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
         let(:actor) { user }
 
         it 'creates a pipeline in the target project' do
-          expect(subject.project).to eq(project)
+          expect(response.payload.project).to eq(project)
         end
 
         context 'when source branch is protected' do
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
             let!(:protected_branch) { create(:protected_branch, name: '*', project: project) }
 
             it 'creates a pipeline in the source project' do
-              expect(subject.project).to eq(source_project)
+              expect(response.payload.project).to eq(source_project)
             end
           end
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
             let!(:protected_branch) { create(:protected_branch, :developers_can_merge, name: '*', project: project) }
 
             it 'creates a pipeline in the target project' do
-              expect(subject.project).to eq(project)
+              expect(response.payload.project).to eq(project)
             end
           end
         end
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
           end
 
           it 'creates a pipeline in the source project' do
-            expect(subject.project).to eq(source_project)
+            expect(response.payload.project).to eq(source_project)
           end
         end
       end
@@ -99,15 +100,16 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
         end
 
         it 'creates a pipeline in the source project' do
-          expect(subject.project).to eq(source_project)
+          expect(response.payload.project).to eq(source_project)
         end
       end
 
       context 'when actor does not have permission to create pipelines' do
         let(:actor) { create(:user) }
 
-        it 'returns nothing' do
-          expect(subject.full_error_messages).to include('Insufficient permissions to create a new pipeline')
+        it 'responds with error' do
+          expect(response).to be_error
+          expect(response.message).to include('Insufficient permissions to create a new pipeline')
         end
       end
     end
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
         end
 
         it 'does not create a pipeline' do
-          expect { subject }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
+          expect { response }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
         end
       end
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
         end
 
         it 'does not create a pipeline' do
-          expect { subject }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
+          expect { response }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
         end
       end
     end
@@ -170,11 +172,12 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
           }
         end
 
-        it 'creates a detached merge request pipeline' do
-          expect { subject }.to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }.by(1)
+        it 'creates a detached merge request pipeline', :aggregate_failures do
+          expect { response }.to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }.by(1)
 
-          expect(subject).to be_persisted
-          expect(subject).to be_detached_merge_request_pipeline
+          expect(response).to be_success
+          expect(response.payload).to be_persisted
+          expect(response.payload).to be_detached_merge_request_pipeline
         end
       end
 
@@ -188,10 +191,25 @@ RSpec.describe MergeRequests::CreatePipelineService do
           }
         end
 
-        it 'does not create a pipeline' do
-          expect { subject }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
+        it 'does not create a pipeline', :aggregate_failures do
+          expect { response }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
+          expect(response).to be_error
+        end
       end
     end
+
+    context 'when merge request has no commits' do
+      before do
+        allow(merge_request).to receive(:has_no_commits?).and_return(true)
+      end
+
+      it 'does not create a pipeline', :aggregate_failures do
+        expect { response }.not_to change { Ci::Pipeline.count }
+
+        expect(response).to be_error
+        expect(response.message).to eq('Cannot create a pipeline for this merge request.')
+        expect(response.payload).to be_nil
+      end
     end
   end
 end