kprobes.c

/*
 *  Kernel Probes (KProbes)
 *  arch/mips/kernel/kprobes.c
 *
 *  Copyright 2006 Sony Corp.
 *  Copyright 2010 Cavium Networks
 *
 *  Some portions copied from the powerpc version.
 *
 *   Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/preempt.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include <asm/ptrace.h>
#include <asm/branch.h>
#include <asm/break.h>

#include "probes-common.h"

static const union mips_instruction breakpoint_insn = {
	.b_format = {
		.opcode = spec_op,
		.code = BRK_KPROBE_BP,
		.func = break_op
	}
};

static const union mips_instruction breakpoint2_insn = {
	.b_format = {
		.opcode = spec_op,
		.code = BRK_KPROBE_SSTEPBP,
		.func = break_op
	}
};

DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe);
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);

static int __kprobes insn_has_delayslot(union mips_instruction insn)
{
	return __insn_has_delay_slot(insn);
}

/*
 * insn_has_ll_or_sc function checks whether instruction is ll or sc
 * one; putting breakpoint on top of atomic ll/sc pair is bad idea;
 * so we need to prevent it and refuse kprobes insertion for such
 * instructions; cannot do much about breakpoint in the middle of
 * ll/sc pair; it is upto user to avoid those places
 */
static int __kprobes insn_has_ll_or_sc(union mips_instruction insn)
{
	int ret = 0;

	switch (insn.i_format.opcode) {
	case ll_op:
	case lld_op:
	case sc_op:
	case scd_op:
		ret = 1;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	union mips_instruction insn;
	union mips_instruction prev_insn;
	int ret = 0;

	insn = p->addr[0];

	if (insn_has_ll_or_sc(insn)) {
		pr_notice("Kprobes for ll and sc instructions are not"
			  "supported\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	if ((probe_kernel_read(&prev_insn, p->addr - 1,
				sizeof(mips_instruction)) == 0) &&
				insn_has_delayslot(prev_insn)) {
		pr_notice("Kprobes for branch delayslot are not supported\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	if (__insn_is_compact_branch(insn)) {
		pr_notice("Kprobes for compact branches are not supported\n");
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	/* insn: must be on special executable page on mips. */
	p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
	if (!p->ainsn.insn) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * In the kprobe->ainsn.insn[] array we store the original
	 * instruction at index zero and a break trap instruction at
	 * index one.
	 *
	 * On MIPS arch if the instruction at probed address is a
	 * branch instruction, we need to execute the instruction at
	 * Branch Delayslot (BD) at the time of probe hit. As MIPS also
	 * doesn't have single stepping support, the BD instruction can
	 * not be executed in-line and it would be executed on SSOL slot
	 * using a normal breakpoint instruction in the next slot.
	 * So, read the instruction and save it for later execution.
	 */
	if (insn_has_delayslot(insn))
		memcpy(&p->ainsn.insn[0], p->addr + 1, sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
	else
		memcpy(&p->ainsn.insn[0], p->addr, sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));

	p->ainsn.insn[1] = breakpoint2_insn;
	p->opcode = *p->addr;

out:
	return ret;
}

void __kprobes arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	*p->addr = breakpoint_insn;
	flush_insn_slot(p);
}

void __kprobes arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	*p->addr = p->opcode;
	flush_insn_slot(p);
}

void __kprobes arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	if (p->ainsn.insn) {
		free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0);
		p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
	}
}

static void save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
	kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
	kcb->prev_kprobe.old_SR = kcb->kprobe_old_SR;
	kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_SR = kcb->kprobe_saved_SR;
	kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_epc = kcb->kprobe_saved_epc;
}

static void restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, kcb->prev_kprobe.kp);
	kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
	kcb->kprobe_old_SR = kcb->prev_kprobe.old_SR;
	kcb->kprobe_saved_SR = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_SR;
	kcb->kprobe_saved_epc = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_epc;
}

static void set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
			       struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
	kcb->kprobe_saved_SR = kcb->kprobe_old_SR = (regs->cp0_status & ST0_IE);
	kcb->kprobe_saved_epc = regs->cp0_epc;
}

/**
 * evaluate_branch_instrucion -
 *
 * Evaluate the branch instruction at probed address during probe hit. The
 * result of evaluation would be the updated epc. The insturction in delayslot
 * would actually be single stepped using a normal breakpoint) on SSOL slot.
 *
 * The result is also saved in the kprobe control block for later use,
 * in case we need to execute the delayslot instruction. The latter will be
 * false for NOP instruction in dealyslot and the branch-likely instructions
 * when the branch is taken. And for those cases we set a flag as
 * SKIP_DELAYSLOT in the kprobe control block
 */
static int evaluate_branch_instruction(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
					struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	union mips_instruction insn = p->opcode;
	long epc;
	int ret = 0;

	epc = regs->cp0_epc;
	if (epc & 3)
		goto unaligned;

	if (p->ainsn.insn->word == 0)
		kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;
	else
		kcb->flags &= ~SKIP_DELAYSLOT;

	ret = __compute_return_epc_for_insn(regs, insn);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	if (ret == BRANCH_LIKELY_TAKEN)
		kcb->flags |= SKIP_DELAYSLOT;

	kcb->target_epc = regs->cp0_epc;

	return 0;

unaligned:
	pr_notice("%s: unaligned epc - sending SIGBUS.\n", current->comm);
	force_sig(SIGBUS, current);
	return -EFAULT;

}

static void prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
						struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	int ret = 0;

	regs->cp0_status &= ~ST0_IE;

	/* single step inline if the instruction is a break */
	if (p->opcode.word == breakpoint_insn.word ||
	    p->opcode.word == breakpoint2_insn.word)
		regs->cp0_epc = (unsigned long)p->addr;
	else if (insn_has_delayslot(p->opcode)) {
		ret = evaluate_branch_instruction(p, regs, kcb);
		if (ret < 0) {
			pr_notice("Kprobes: Error in evaluating branch\n");
			return;
		}
	}
	regs->cp0_epc = (unsigned long)&p->ainsn.insn[0];
}

/*
 * Called after single-stepping.  p->addr is the address of the
 * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "break 0"
 * instruction.	 To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
 * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
 * single-stepped a copy of the instruction.  The address of this
 * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
 *
 * This function prepares to return from the post-single-step
 * breakpoint trap. In case of branch instructions, the target
 * epc to be restored.
 */
static void __kprobes resume_execution(struct kprobe *p,
				       struct pt_regs *regs,
				       struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	if (insn_has_delayslot(p->opcode))
		regs->cp0_epc = kcb->target_epc;
	else {
		unsigned long orig_epc = kcb->kprobe_saved_epc;
		regs->cp0_epc = orig_epc + 4;
	}
}

static int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct kprobe *p;
	int ret = 0;
	kprobe_opcode_t *addr;
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;

	addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) regs->cp0_epc;

	/*
	 * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
	 * duration of kprobe processing
	 */
	preempt_disable();
	kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

	/* Check we're not actually recursing */
	if (kprobe_running()) {
		p = get_kprobe(addr);
		if (p) {
			if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS &&
			    p->ainsn.insn->word == breakpoint_insn.word) {
				regs->cp0_status &= ~ST0_IE;
				regs->cp0_status |= kcb->kprobe_saved_SR;
				goto no_kprobe;
			}
			/*
			 * We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since
			 * another probe was hit while within the handler.
			 * We here save the original kprobes variables and
			 * just single step on the instruction of the new probe
			 * without calling any user handlers.
			 */
			save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
			set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
			kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
			prepare_singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
			kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
			if (kcb->flags & SKIP_DELAYSLOT) {
				resume_execution(p, regs, kcb);
				restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
				preempt_enable_no_resched();
			}
			return 1;
		} else if (addr->word != breakpoint_insn.word) {
			/*
			 * The breakpoint instruction was removed by
			 * another cpu right after we hit, no further
			 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate
			 */
			ret = 1;
		}
		goto no_kprobe;
	}

	p = get_kprobe(addr);
	if (!p) {
		if (addr->word != breakpoint_insn.word) {
			/*
			 * The breakpoint instruction was removed right
			 * after we hit it.  Another cpu has removed
			 * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
			 * at this address.  In either case, no further
			 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
			 */
			ret = 1;
		}
		/* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */
		goto no_kprobe;
	}

	set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
	kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;

	if (p->pre_handler && p->pre_handler(p, regs)) {
		/* handler has already set things up, so skip ss setup */
		reset_current_kprobe();
		preempt_enable_no_resched();
		return 1;
	}

	prepare_singlestep(p, regs, kcb);
	if (kcb->flags & SKIP_DELAYSLOT) {
		kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
		if (p->post_handler)
			p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
		resume_execution(p, regs, kcb);
		preempt_enable_no_resched();
	} else
		kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;

	return 1;

no_kprobe:
	preempt_enable_no_resched();
	return ret;

}

static inline int post_kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

	if (!cur)
		return 0;

	if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) {
		kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
		cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
	}

	resume_execution(cur, regs, kcb);

	regs->cp0_status |= kcb->kprobe_saved_SR;

	/* Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
	if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
		restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
		goto out;
	}
	reset_current_kprobe();
out:
	preempt_enable_no_resched();

	return 1;
}

static inline int kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr)
{
	struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

	if (cur->fault_handler && cur->fault_handler(cur, regs, trapnr))
		return 1;

	if (kcb->kprobe_status & KPROBE_HIT_SS) {
		resume_execution(cur, regs, kcb);
		regs->cp0_status |= kcb->kprobe_old_SR;

		reset_current_kprobe();
		preempt_enable_no_resched();
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Wrapper routine for handling exceptions.
 */
int __kprobes kprobe_exceptions_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
				       unsigned long val, void *data)
{

	struct die_args *args = (struct die_args *)data;
	int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;

	switch (val) {
	case DIE_BREAK:
		if (kprobe_handler(args->regs))
			ret = NOTIFY_STOP;
		break;
	case DIE_SSTEPBP:
		if (post_kprobe_handler(args->regs))
			ret = NOTIFY_STOP;
		break;

	case DIE_PAGE_FAULT:
		/* kprobe_running() needs smp_processor_id() */
		preempt_disable();

		if (kprobe_running()
		    && kprobe_fault_handler(args->regs, args->trapnr))
			ret = NOTIFY_STOP;
		preempt_enable();
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Function return probe trampoline:
 *	- init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here
 *	- When the probed function returns, this probe causes the
 *	  handlers to fire
 */
static void __used kretprobe_trampoline_holder(void)
{
	asm volatile(
		".set push\n\t"
		/* Keep the assembler from reordering and placing JR here. */
		".set noreorder\n\t"
		"nop\n\t"
		".global kretprobe_trampoline\n"
		"kretprobe_trampoline:\n\t"
		"nop\n\t"
		".set pop"
		: : : "memory");
}

void kretprobe_trampoline(void);

void __kprobes arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri,
				      struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) regs->regs[31];

	/* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
	regs->regs[31] = (unsigned long)kretprobe_trampoline;
}

/*
 * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit
 */
static int __kprobes trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe *p,
						struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct kretprobe_instance *ri = NULL;
	struct hlist_head *head, empty_rp;
	struct hlist_node *tmp;
	unsigned long flags, orig_ret_address = 0;
	unsigned long trampoline_address = (unsigned long)kretprobe_trampoline;

	INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&empty_rp);
	kretprobe_hash_lock(current, &head, &flags);

	/*
	 * It is possible to have multiple instances associated with a given
	 * task either because an multiple functions in the call path
	 * have a return probe installed on them, and/or more than one return
	 * return probe was registered for a target function.
	 *
	 * We can handle this because:
	 *     - instances are always inserted at the head of the list
	 *     - when multiple return probes are registered for the same
	 *	 function, the first instance's ret_addr will point to the
	 *	 real return address, and all the rest will point to
	 *	 kretprobe_trampoline
	 */
	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, tmp, head, hlist) {
		if (ri->task != current)
			/* another task is sharing our hash bucket */
			continue;

		if (ri->rp && ri->rp->handler)
			ri->rp->handler(ri, regs);

		orig_ret_address = (unsigned long)ri->ret_addr;
		recycle_rp_inst(ri, &empty_rp);

		if (orig_ret_address != trampoline_address)
			/*
			 * This is the real return address. Any other
			 * instances associated with this task are for
			 * other calls deeper on the call stack
			 */
			break;
	}

	kretprobe_assert(ri, orig_ret_address, trampoline_address);
	instruction_pointer(regs) = orig_ret_address;

	kretprobe_hash_unlock(current, &flags);

	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(ri, tmp, &empty_rp, hlist) {
		hlist_del(&ri->hlist);
		kfree(ri);
	}
	/*
	 * By returning a non-zero value, we are telling
	 * kprobe_handler() that we don't want the post_handler
	 * to run (and have re-enabled preemption)
	 */
	return 1;
}

int __kprobes arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	if (p->addr == (kprobe_opcode_t *)kretprobe_trampoline)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static struct kprobe trampoline_p = {
	.addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kretprobe_trampoline,
	.pre_handler = trampoline_probe_handler
};

int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
{
	return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p);
}