bdi: Fix another oops in wb_workfn()

syzbot is reporting NULL pointer dereference at wb_workfn() [1] due to
wb->bdi->dev being NULL. And Dmitry confirmed that wb->state was
WB_shutting_down after wb->bdi->dev became NULL. This indicates that
unregister_bdi() failed to call wb_shutdown() on one of wb objects.

The problem is in cgwb_bdi_unregister() which does cgwb_kill() and thus
drops bdi's reference to wb structures before going through the list of
wbs again and calling wb_shutdown() on each of them. This way the loop
iterating through all wbs can easily miss a wb if that wb has already
passed through cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list() called from wb_shutdown()
from cgwb_release_workfn() and as a result fully shutdown bdi although
wb_workfn() for this wb structure is still running. In fact there are
also other ways cgwb_bdi_unregister() can race with
cgwb_release_workfn() leading e.g. to use-after-free issues:

CPU1                            CPU2
                                cgwb_bdi_unregister()
                                  cgwb_kill(*slot);

cgwb_release()
  queue_work(cgwb_release_wq, &wb->release_work);
cgwb_release_workfn()
                                  wb = list_first_entry(&bdi->wb_list, ...)
                                  spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
  wb_shutdown(wb);
  ...
  kfree_rcu(wb, rcu);
                                  wb_shutdown(wb); -> oops use-after-free

We solve these issues by synchronizing writeback structure shutdown from
cgwb_bdi_unregister() with cgwb_release_workfn() using a new mutex. That
way we also no longer need synchronization using WB_shutting_down as the
mutex provides it for CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK case and without
CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK wb_shutdown() can be called only once from
bdi_unregister().
Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+4a7438e774b21ddd8eca@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ struct dentry;
  */
 enum wb_state {
 	WB_registered,		/* bdi_register() was done */
-	WB_shutting_down,	/* wb_shutdown() in progress */
 	WB_writeback_running,	/* Writeback is in progress */
 	WB_has_dirty_io,	/* Dirty inodes on ->b_{dirty|io|more_io} */
 	WB_start_all,		/* nr_pages == 0 (all) work pending */
@@ -189,6 +188,7 @@ struct backing_dev_info {
 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
 	struct radix_tree_root cgwb_tree; /* radix tree of active cgroup wbs */
 	struct rb_root cgwb_congested_tree; /* their congested states */
+	struct mutex cgwb_release_mutex;  /* protect shutdown of wb structs */
 #else
 	struct bdi_writeback_congested *wb_congested;
 #endif

mm/backing-dev.c

@@ -359,15 +359,8 @@ static void wb_shutdown(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 	spin_lock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
 	if (!test_and_clear_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state)) {
 		spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
-		/*
-		 * Wait for wb shutdown to finish if someone else is just
-		 * running wb_shutdown(). Otherwise we could proceed to wb /
-		 * bdi destruction before wb_shutdown() is finished.
-		 */
-		wait_on_bit(&wb->state, WB_shutting_down, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
 		return;
 	}
-	set_bit(WB_shutting_down, &wb->state);
 	spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
 
 	cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list(wb);
@@ -379,12 +372,6 @@ static void wb_shutdown(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
 	mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0);
 	flush_delayed_work(&wb->dwork);
 	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&wb->work_list));
-	/*
-	 * Make sure bit gets cleared after shutdown is finished. Matches with
-	 * the barrier provided by test_and_clear_bit() above.
-	 */
-	smp_wmb();
-	clear_and_wake_up_bit(WB_shutting_down, &wb->state);
 }
 
 static void wb_exit(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
@@ -508,10 +495,12 @@ static void cgwb_release_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct bdi_writeback *wb = container_of(work, struct bdi_writeback,
 						release_work);
 
+	mutex_lock(&wb->bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
 	wb_shutdown(wb);
 
 	css_put(wb->memcg_css);
 	css_put(wb->blkcg_css);
+	mutex_unlock(&wb->bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
 
 	fprop_local_destroy_percpu(&wb->memcg_completions);
 	percpu_ref_exit(&wb->refcnt);
@@ -697,6 +686,7 @@ static int cgwb_bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 
 	INIT_RADIX_TREE(&bdi->cgwb_tree, GFP_ATOMIC);
 	bdi->cgwb_congested_tree = RB_ROOT;
+	mutex_init(&bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
 
 	ret = wb_init(&bdi->wb, bdi, 1, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -717,7 +707,10 @@ static void cgwb_bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
 	radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, &bdi->cgwb_tree, &iter, 0)
 		cgwb_kill(*slot);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
 
+	mutex_lock(&bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
+	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
 	while (!list_empty(&bdi->wb_list)) {
 		wb = list_first_entry(&bdi->wb_list, struct bdi_writeback,
 				      bdi_node);
@@ -726,6 +719,7 @@ static void cgwb_bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
 		spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
 }
 
 /**