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  1. 25 Sep, 2014 12 commits
  3. 23 Sep, 2014 1 commit
  5. 15 Sep, 2014 3 commits
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Linux 3.17-rc5 · 9e82bf01
      Linus Torvalds authored
      9e82bf01
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs · 83373f70
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro:
 "double iput() on failure exit in lustre, racy removal of spliced
  dentries from ->s_anon in __d_materialise_dentry() plus a bunch of
  assorted RCU pathwalk fixes"

The RCU pathwalk fixes end up fixing a couple of cases where we
incorrectly dropped out of RCU walking, due to incorrect initialization
and testing of the sequence locks in some corner cases.  Since dropping
out of RCU walk mode forces the slow locked accesses, those corner cases
slowed down quite dramatically.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  be careful with nd->inode in path_init() and follow_dotdot_rcu()
  don't bugger nd->seq on set_root_rcu() from follow_dotdot_rcu()
  fix bogus read_seqretry() checks introduced in b37199e6
  move the call of __d_drop(anon) into __d_materialise_unique(dentry, anon)
  [fix] lustre: d_make_root() does iput() on dentry allocation failure
      83373f70
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      vfs: avoid non-forwarding large load after small store in path lookup · 9226b5b4
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      The performance regression that Josef Bacik reported in the pathname
lookup (see commit 99d263d4 "vfs: fix bad hashing of dentries") made
me look at performance stability of the dcache code, just to verify that
the problem was actually fixed.  That turned up a few other problems in
this area.

There are a few cases where we exit RCU lookup mode and go to the slow
serializing case when we shouldn't, Al has fixed those and they'll come
in with the next VFS pull.

But my performance verification also shows that link_path_walk() turns
out to have a very unfortunate 32-bit store of the length and hash of
the name we look up, followed by a 64-bit read of the combined hash_len
field.  That screws up the processor store to load forwarding, causing
an unnecessary hickup in this critical routine.

It's caused by the ugly calling convention for the "hash_name()"
function, and easily fixed by just making hash_name() fill in the whole
'struct qstr' rather than passing it a pointer to just the hash value.

With that, the profile for this function looks much smoother.
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      9226b5b4
  7. 14 Sep, 2014 12 commits
  9. 13 Sep, 2014 8 commits
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge branches 'locking-urgent-for-linus' and 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of... · 1536340e
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      Merge branches 'locking-urgent-for-linus' and 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull futex and timer fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A oneliner bugfix for the jinxed futex code:

   - Drop hash bucket lock in the error exit path.  I really could slap
     myself for intruducing that bug while fixing all the other horror
     in that code three month ago ...

  and the timer department is not too proud about the following fixes:

   - Deal with a long standing rounding bug in the timeval to jiffies
     conversion.  It's a real issue and this fix fell through the cracks
     for quite some time.

   - Another round of alarmtimer fixes.  Finally this code gets used
     more widely and the subtle issues hidden for quite some time are
     noticed and fixed.  Nothing really exciting, just the itty bitty
     details which bite the serious users here and there"

* 'locking-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  futex: Unlock hb->lock in futex_wait_requeue_pi() error path

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  alarmtimer: Lock k_itimer during timer callback
  alarmtimer: Do not signal SIGEV_NONE timers
  alarmtimer: Return relative times in timer_gettime
  jiffies: Fix timeval conversion to jiffies
      1536340e
    • Guy Martin's avatar
      parisc: Implement new LWS CAS supporting 64 bit operations. · 89206491
      Guy Martin authored 
      The current LWS cas only works correctly for 32bit. The new LWS allows
for CAS operations of variable size.
Signed-off-by: default avatarGuy Martin <gmsoft@tuxicoman.be>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.13+
Signed-off-by: default avatarHelge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
      89206491
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      vfs: fix bad hashing of dentries · 99d263d4
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      Josef Bacik found a performance regression between 3.2 and 3.10 and
narrowed it down to commit bfcfaa77 ("vfs: use 'unsigned long'
accesses for dcache name comparison and hashing"). He reports:

 "The test case is essentially

      for (i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
              mkdir("a$i");

  On xfs on a fio card this goes at about 20k dir/sec with 3.2, and 12k
  dir/sec with 3.10.  This is because we spend waaaaay more time in
  __d_lookup on 3.10 than in 3.2.

  The new hashing function for strings is suboptimal for <
  sizeof(unsigned long) string names (and hell even > sizeof(unsigned
  long) string names that I've tested).  I broke out the old hashing
  function and the new one into a userspace helper to get real numbers
  and this is what I'm getting:

      Old hash table had 1000000 entries, 0 dupes, 0 max dupes
      New hash table had 12628 entries, 987372 dupes, 900 max dupes
      We had 11400 buckets with a p50 of 30 dupes, p90 of 240 dupes, p99 of 567 dupes for the new hash

  My test does the hash, and then does the d_hash into a integer pointer
  array the same size as the dentry hash table on my system, and then
  just increments the value at the address we got to see how many
  entries we overlap with.

  As you can see the old hash function ended up with all 1 million
  entries in their own bucket, whereas the new one they are only
  distributed among ~12.5k buckets, which is why we're using so much
  more CPU in __d_lookup".

The reason for this hash regression is two-fold:

 - On 64-bit architectures the down-mixing of the original 64-bit
   word-at-a-time hash into the final 32-bit hash value is very
   simplistic and suboptimal, and just adds the two 32-bit parts
   together.

   In particular, because there is no bit shuffling and the mixing
   boundary is also a byte boundary, similar character patterns in the
   low and high word easily end up just canceling each other out.

 - the old byte-at-a-time hash mixed each byte into the final hash as it
   hashed the path component name, resulting in the low bits of the hash
   generally being a good source of hash data.  That is not true for the
   word-at-a-time case, and the hash data is distributed among all the
   bits.

The fix is the same in both cases: do a better job of mixing the bits up
and using as much of the hash data as possible.  We already have the
"hash_32|64()" functions to do that.
Reported-by: default avatarJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      99d263d4
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Make hash_64() use a 64-bit multiply when appropriate · 23d0db76
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      The hash_64() function historically does the multiply by the
GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_64 number with explicit shifts and adds, because
unlike the 32-bit case, gcc seems unable to turn the constant multiply
into the more appropriate shift and adds when required.

However, that means that we generate those shifts and adds even when the
architecture has a fast multiplier, and could just do it better in
hardware.

Use the now-cleaned-up CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_FAST_MULTIPLIER (together with
"is it a 64-bit architecture") to decide whether to use an integer
multiply or the explicit sequence of shift/add instructions.
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      23d0db76
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Make ARCH_HAS_FAST_MULTIPLIER a real config variable · 72d93104
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      It used to be an ad-hoc hack defined by the x86 version of
<asm/bitops.h> that enabled a couple of library routines to know whether
an integer multiply is faster than repeated shifts and additions.

This just makes it use the real Kconfig system instead, and makes x86
(which was the only architecture that did this) select the option.

NOTE! Even for x86, this really is kind of wrong.  If we cared, we would
probably not enable this for builds optimized for netburst (P4), where
shifts-and-adds are generally faster than multiplies.  This patch does
*not* change that kind of logic, though, it is purely a syntactic change
with no code changes.

This was triggered by the fact that we have other places that really
want to know "do I want to expand multiples by constants by hand or
not", particularly the hash generation code.
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      72d93104
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge tag 'dm-3.17-fix2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm · 186cec31
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      Pull device mapper fix from Mike Snitzer:
 "Fix a race in the DM cache target that caused dirty blocks to be
  marked as clean.  This could cause no writeback to occur or spurious
  dirty block counts"

* tag 'dm-3.17-fix2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm cache: fix race causing dirty blocks to be marked as clean
      186cec31
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block · 645cc093
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "A small collection of fixes for the current rc series.  This contains:

   - Two small blk-mq patches from Rob Elliott, cleaning up error case
     at init time.

   - A fix from Ming Lei, fixing SG merging for blk-mq where
     QUEUE_FLAG_SG_NO_MERGE is the default.

   - A dev_t minor lifetime fix from Keith, fixing an issue where a
     minor might be reused before all references to it were gone.

   - Fix from Alan Stern where an unbalanced queue bypass caused SCSI
     some headaches when it does a series of add/del on devices without
     fully registrering the queue.

   - A fix from me for improving the scaling of tag depth in blk-mq if
     we are short on memory"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  blk-mq: scale depth and rq map appropriate if low on memory
  Block: fix unbalanced bypass-disable in blk_register_queue
  block: Fix dev_t minor allocation lifetime
  blk-mq: cleanup after blk_mq_init_rq_map failures
  blk-mq: pass along blk_mq_alloc_tag_set return values
  blk-merge: fix blk_recount_segments
      645cc093
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge tag 'stable/for-linus-3.17-b-rc4-arm-tag' of... · fc486b03
      Linus Torvalds authored 
      Merge tag 'stable/for-linus-3.17-b-rc4-arm-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip

Pull Xen ARM bugfix from Stefano Stabellini:
 "The patches fix the "xen_add_mach_to_phys_entry: cannot add" bug that
  has been affecting xen on arm and arm64 guests since 3.16.  They
  require a few hypervisor side changes that just went in xen-unstable.

  A couple of days ago David sent out a pull request with a few other
  Xen fixes (it is already in master).  Sorry we didn't synchronized
  better among us"

* tag 'stable/for-linus-3.17-b-rc4-arm-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
  xen/arm: remove mach_to_phys rbtree
  xen/arm: reimplement xen_dma_unmap_page & friends
  xen/arm: introduce XENFEAT_grant_map_identity
      fc486b03
  11. 12 Sep, 2014 4 commits
    • Richard Larocque's avatar
      alarmtimer: Lock k_itimer during timer callback · 474e941b
      Richard Larocque authored 
      Locks the k_itimer's it_lock member when handling the alarm timer's
expiry callback.

The regular posix timers defined in posix-timers.c have this lock held
during timout processing because their callbacks are routed through
posix_timer_fn().  The alarm timers follow a different path, so they
ought to grab the lock somewhere else.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Sharvil Nanavati <sharvil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarRichard Larocque <rlarocque@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarJohn Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
      474e941b
    • Richard Larocque's avatar
      alarmtimer: Do not signal SIGEV_NONE timers · 265b81d2
      Richard Larocque authored 
      Avoids sending a signal to alarm timers created with sigev_notify set to
SIGEV_NONE by checking for that special case in the timeout callback.

The regular posix timers avoid sending signals to SIGEV_NONE timers by
not scheduling any callbacks for them in the first place.  Although it
would be possible to do something similar for alarm timers, it's simpler
to handle this as a special case in the timeout.

Prior to this patch, the alarm timer would ignore the sigev_notify value
and try to deliver signals to the process anyway.  Even worse, the
sanity check for the value of sigev_signo is skipped when SIGEV_NONE was
specified, so the signal number could be bogus.  If sigev_signo was an
unitialized value (as it often would be if SIGEV_NONE is used), then
it's hard to predict which signal will be sent.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Sharvil Nanavati <sharvil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarRichard Larocque <rlarocque@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarJohn Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
      265b81d2
    • Richard Larocque's avatar
      alarmtimer: Return relative times in timer_gettime · e86fea76
      Richard Larocque authored 
      Returns the time remaining for an alarm timer, rather than the time at
which it is scheduled to expire.  If the timer has already expired or it
is not currently scheduled, the it_value's members are set to zero.

This new behavior matches that of the other posix-timers and the POSIX
specifications.

This is a change in user-visible behavior, and may break existing
applications.  Hopefully, few users rely on the old incorrect behavior.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Sharvil Nanavati <sharvil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarRichard Larocque <rlarocque@google.com>
[jstultz: minor style tweak]
Signed-off-by: default avatarJohn Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
      e86fea76
    • Andrew Hunter's avatar
      jiffies: Fix timeval conversion to jiffies · d78c9300
      Andrew Hunter authored 
      timeval_to_jiffies tried to round a timeval up to an integral number
of jiffies, but the logic for doing so was incorrect: intervals
corresponding to exactly N jiffies would become N+1. This manifested
itself particularly repeatedly stopping/starting an itimer:

setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, &val, NULL);
setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, NULL, &val);

would add a full tick to val, _even if it was exactly representable in
terms of jiffies_ (say, the result of a previous rounding.)  Doing
this repeatedly would cause unbounded growth in val.  So fix the math.

Here's what was wrong with the conversion: we essentially computed
(eliding seconds)

jiffies = usec  * (NSEC_PER_USEC/TICK_NSEC)

by using scaling arithmetic, which took the best approximation of
NSEC_PER_USEC/TICK_NSEC with denominator of 2^USEC_JIFFIE_SC =
x/(2^USEC_JIFFIE_SC), and computed:

jiffies = (usec * x) >> USEC_JIFFIE_SC

and rounded this calculation up in the intermediate form (since we
can't necessarily exactly represent TICK_NSEC in usec.) But the
scaling arithmetic is a (very slight) *over*approximation of the true
value; that is, instead of dividing by (1 usec/ 1 jiffie), we
effectively divided by (1 usec/1 jiffie)-epsilon (rounding
down). This would normally be fine, but we want to round timeouts up,
and we did so by adding 2^USEC_JIFFIE_SC - 1 before the shift; this
would be fine if our division was exact, but dividing this by the
slightly smaller factor was equivalent to adding just _over_ 1 to the
final result (instead of just _under_ 1, as desired.)

In particular, with HZ=1000, we consistently computed that 10000 usec
was 11 jiffies; the same was true for any exact multiple of
TICK_NSEC.

We could possibly still round in the intermediate form, adding
something less than 2^USEC_JIFFIE_SC - 1, but easier still is to
convert usec->nsec, round in nanoseconds, and then convert using
time*spec*_to_jiffies.  This adds one constant multiplication, and is
not observably slower in microbenchmarks on recent x86 hardware.

Tested: the following program:

int main() {
  struct itimerval zero = {{0, 0}, {0, 0}};
  /* Initially set to 10 ms. */
  struct itimerval initial = zero;
  initial.it_interval.tv_usec = 10000;
  setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, &initial, NULL);
  /* Save and restore several times. */
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
    struct itimerval prev;
    setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, &zero, &prev);
    /* on old kernels, this goes up by TICK_USEC every iteration */
    printf("previous value: %ld %ld %ld %ld\n",
           prev.it_interval.tv_sec, prev.it_interval.tv_usec,
           prev.it_value.tv_sec, prev.it_value.tv_usec);
    setitimer(ITIMER_PROF, &prev, NULL);
  }
    return 0;
}

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: default avatarPaul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Reported-by: default avatarAaron Jacobs <jacobsa@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Hunter <ahh@google.com>
[jstultz: Tweaked to apply to 3.17-rc]
Signed-off-by: default avatarJohn Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
      d78c9300
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