Merge branches 'consolidate.2019.04.09a', 'doc.2019.03.26b', 'fixes.2019.03.26b', 'srcu.2019.03.26b', 'stall.2019.03.26b' and 'torture.2019.03.26b' into HEAD

consolidate.2019.04.09a: Lingering RCU flavor consolidation cleanups.
doc.2019.03.26b: Documentation updates.
fixes.2019.03.26b: Miscellaneous fixes.
srcu.2019.03.26b: SRCU updates.
stall.2019.03.26b: RCU CPU stall warning updates.
torture.2019.03.26b: Torture-test updates.

The RCU flavors have been consolidated, so this commit replaces a
comment's mention of call_rcu_bh() with call_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Cc: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Cc: <netfilter-devel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <coreteam@netfilter.org>
Cc: <netdev@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

Given that synchronize_rcu_expedited() is supported, this commit adds
support for synchronize_srcu_expedited().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Andrea Parri <andrea.parri@amarulasolutions.com>

The RCU flavors have been consolidated, so this commit replaces mentions
of the now-obsolete synchronize_sched() function with synchronize_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: "Naveen N. Rao" <naveen.n.rao@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: <linux-doc@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>

The scripting must supply the CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE Kconfig option
so that kbuild can find the desired initrd, but the configcheck.sh
script gets confused by this option because it takes a string instead
of the expected y/n/m.  This causes checkconfig.sh to complain about
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE in the torture-test output (though not in the
summary).  As more people use rcutorture, the resulting confusion is
an increasing concern.

This commit therefore suppresses this false-positive warning by filtering
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE from within the checkconfig.sh script.
Reported-by: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Currently, lock_torture_cleanup() uses the values of cxt.lwsa and cxt.lrsa
to detect bad parameters that prevented locktorture from initializing,
let alone running.  In this case, lock_torture_cleanup() does no cleanup
aside from invoking torture_cleanup_begin() and torture_cleanup_end(),
as required to permit future torture tests to run.  However, this
heuristic fails if the run with bad parameters was preceded by a previous
run that actually ran:  In this case, both cxt.lwsa and cxt.lrsa will
remain non-zero, which means that the current lock_torture_cleanup()
invocation will be unable to detect the fact that it should skip cleanup,
which can result in charming outcomes such as double frees.

This commit therefore NULLs out both cxt.lwsa and cxt.lrsa at the end
of any run that actually ran.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

If the specified rcuperf.perf_type is not in the rcu_perf_init()
function's perf_ops[] array, rcuperf prints some console messages and
then invokes rcu_perf_cleanup() to set state so that a future torture
test can run.  However, rcu_perf_cleanup() also attempts to end the
test that didn't actually start, and in doing so relies on the value
of cur_ops, a value that is not particularly relevant in this case.
This can result in confusing output or even follow-on failures due to
attempts to use facilities that have not been properly initialized.

This commit therefore sets the value of cur_ops to NULL in this case and
inserts a check near the beginning of rcu_perf_cleanup(), thus avoiding
relying on an irrelevant cur_ops value.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

If the specified rcutorture.torture_type is not in the rcu_torture_init()
function's torture_ops[] array, rcutorture prints some console messages
and then invokes rcu_torture_cleanup() to set state so that a future
torture test can run.  However, rcu_torture_cleanup() also attempts to
end the test that didn't actually start, and in doing so relies on the
value of cur_ops, a value that is not particularly relevant in this case.
This can result in confusing output or even follow-on failures due to
attempts to use facilities that have not been properly initialized.

This commit therefore sets the value of cur_ops to NULL in this case
and inserts a check near the beginning of rcu_torture_cleanup(),
thus avoiding relying on an irrelevant cur_ops value.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <rong.a.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The rcutorture_oom_notify() function has a misplaced close parenthesis
that results in increasingly long delays in rcu_fwd_progress_check()'s
checking for various RCU forward-progress problems.  This commit therefore
puts the parenthesis in the right place.
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Back when there was a separate RCU-bh flavor, the ->ext_irq_conflict
field was used to prevent executing local_bh_enable() while interrupts
were disabled.  However, there is no longer an RCU-bh flavor, so this
commit removes the no-longer-needed ->ext_irq_conflict field.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The code actually rarely uses more than one type of RCU read-side
protection, as is actually desired given that we need some reasonable
probability of preempting RCU read-side critical sections, which cannot
happen with multiple types of protection.  This comment therefore adjusts
the comment.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Replace the license boiler plate with a SPDX license identifier.
While in the area, update an email address and add copyright notices.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

If there is only one online CPU, it doesn't make sense to try to offline
it, as any such attempt is guaranteed to fail.  This commit therefore
check for this condition and refuses to attempt the nonsensical.
Reported-by: Su Yue <suy.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-By: Su Yue <suy.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>

The Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.txt file says that stall warnings
print "D" if dyntick-idle processing is enabled, but the code in
print_cpu_stall_fast_no_hz() prints "." instead.  This commit therefore
reverses the sense of the test to make the code match the documentation.
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit further consolidates stall-warning functionality by moving
forward-progress checkers into kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h, updating a
comment or two while in the area.  More specifically, this commit moves
show_rcu_gp_kthreads(), rcu_check_gp_start_stall(), rcu_fwd_progress_check(),
sysrq_rcu, sysrq_show_rcu(), sysrq_rcudump_op, and rcu_sysrq_init() from
kernel/rcu/tree.c to kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The rcu_iw_handler() function's sole purpose in life is to indicate
whether a stalled CPU had interrupts disabled, so it belongs in
kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h.  This commit therefore makes that move,
clarifying its header comment while in the area.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit does only code movement, removal of now-unneeded forward
declarations, and addition of comments.  It organizes the functions
that implement RCU CPU stall warnings for normal grace periods into
three categories:

1.	Control of RCU CPU stall warnings, including computing timeouts.

2.	Interaction of stall warnings with grace periods.

3.	Actual printing of the RCU CPU stall-warning messages.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit further consolidates the stall-warning code by moving
print_cpu_stall_info() and its helper functions along with
zero_cpu_stall_ticks() to kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The print_cpu_stall_info_begin() and print_cpu_stall_info_end() print a
single character each onto the console, and are a holdover from a time
when RCU CPU stall warning messages could be abbreviated using a long-gone
Kconfig option.  This commit therefore adds these single characters to
already-printed strings in the calling functions, and then eliminates
both print_cpu_stall_info_begin() and print_cpu_stall_info_end().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Because expedited CPU stall warnings are contained within the
kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h file, rcu_print_task_exp_stall() should live
there too.  This commit carries out the required code motion.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The rcu_print_detail_task_stall(), rcu_print_task_stall_begin(), and
rcu_print_task_stall_end() functions were defined to allow long-gone
Kconfig options to provide an abbreviated RCU CPU stall warning printout.
This commit saves a few lines of code by inlining them into their sole
callers.

While in the area, a useless call of rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp()
on the root rcu_node structure was eliminated.  If there is only one
rcu_node structure, its tasks get printed twice, but if there are more,
the root rcu_node structure is guaranteed to have an empty list of blocked
tasks, hence the uselessness.  (Long ago, root rcu_node structures with
non-empty ->blkd_tasks lists could happen, but no longer.)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit completes the process of consolidating the code for RCU CPU
stall warnings for normal grace periods by moving the remaining such
code from kernel/rcu/tree.c to kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The RCU CPU stall-warning code for normal grace periods is currently
scattered across two files, due to earlier Tiny RCU support for RCU
CPU stall warnings and for old Kconfig options that have long since
been retired.  Given that it is hard for the lead RCU maintainer to
find relevant stall-warning code, it would be good to consolidate it.
This commit continues this process by moving stall-warning code from
kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.c to a new kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h file.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The RCU CPU stall-warning code for normal grace periods is currently
scattered across three files, due to earlier Tiny RCU support for RCU
CPU stall warnings and for old Kconfig options that have long since
been retired.  Given that it is hard for the lead RCU maintainer to
find relevant stall-warning code, it would be good to consolidate it.
This commit starts this process by moving stall-warning code from
kernel/rcu/update.c to a new kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h file.

Note that the definitions of rcu_cpu_stall_suppress and
rcu_cpu_stall_timeout must remain in kernel/rcu/update.h to provide
compatibility for kernel boot parameter lists.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced() function was added because NVME
used WQ_MEM_RECLAIM workqueues and SRCU did not, which meant that
NVME workqueues waiting on SRCU workqueues could result in deadlocks
during low-memory conditions.  However, SRCU now also has WQ_MEM_RECLAIM
workqueues, so there is no longer a potential for deadlock.  Furthermore,
it turns out to be extremely hard to use cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced()
correctly due to the fact that SRCU callback invocation accesses the
srcu_struct structure's per-CPU data area just after callbacks are
invoked.  Therefore, the usual practice of using srcu_barrier() to wait
for callbacks to be invoked before invoking cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced()
fails because SRCU's callback-invocation workqueue handler might be
delayed, which can result in cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced() being invoked
(and thus freeing the per-CPU data) before the SRCU's callback-invocation
workqueue handler is finished using that per-CPU data.  Nor is this a
theoretical problem: KASAN emitted use-after-free warnings because of
this problem on actual runs.

In short, NVME can now safely invoke cleanup_srcu_struct(), which
avoids the use-after-free scenario.  And cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced()
is quite difficult to use safely.  This commit therefore removes
cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced(), switching its sole user back to
cleanup_srcu_struct().  This effectively reverts the following pair
of commits:

f7194ac3 ("srcu: Add cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced()")
4317228a ("nvme: Avoid flush dependency in delete controller flow")
Reported-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Tested-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>

If someone fails to drain the corresponding SRCU callbacks (for
example, by failing to invoke srcu_barrier()) before invoking either
cleanup_srcu_struct() or cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced(), the resulting
diagnostic is an ambiguous use-after-free diagnostic, and even then
only if you are running something like KASAN.  This commit therefore
improves SRCU diagnostics by adding checks for in-flight callbacks at
_cleanup_srcu_struct() time.

Note that these diagnostics can still be defeated, for example, by
invoking call_srcu() concurrently with cleanup_srcu_struct().  Which is
a really bad idea, but sometimes all too easy to do.  But even then,
these diagnostics have at least some probability of catching the problem.
Reported-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reported-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>

The task_struct structure's ->rcu_read_unlock_special field is only ever
read or written by the owning task, but it is accessed both at process
and interrupt levels.  It may therefore be accessed using plain reads
and writes while interrupts are disabled, but must be accessed using
READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() or better otherwise.  This commit makes a
few adjustments to align with this discipline.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit changes a rcu_exp_handler() comment from rcu_preempt_defer_qs()
to rcu_preempt_deferred_qs() in order to better match reality.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Because rcu_wake_cond() checks for a null task_struct pointer, there is
no need for its callers to do so.  This commit eliminates the redundant
check.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Previously, threads blocked on offlining CPUS were migrated to the
root rcu_node structure, thus requiring RCU priority boosting on this
structure.  However, since commit d19fb8d1 ("rcu: Don't migrate
blocked tasks even if all corresponding CPUs offline"), RCU does not
migrate blocked tasks.  Consequently, RCU no longer does RCU priority
boosting on the root rcu_node structure as of commit 1be0085b ("rcu:
Don't initiate RCU priority boosting on root rcu_node").

This commit therefore brings comments for the force_qs_rnp() function's
header comment in line with this new no-root-boosting reality.
Signed-off-by: Zhouyi Zhou <zhouzhouyi@gmail.com>
[ paulmck: Also remove obsolete comment on suppressing new grace periods. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit better documents the jiffies_to_sched_qs default-value
strategy used by adjust_jiffies_till_sched_qs()
Reported-by: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The rcu_head_after_call_rcu() function reads the rhp->func pointer twice,
which can result in a false-positive WARN_ON_ONCE() if the callback
were passed to call_rcu() between the two reads.  Although racing
rcu_head_after_call_rcu() with call_rcu() is to be a dubious use case
(the return value is not reliable in that case), intermittent and
irreproducible warnings are also quite dubious.  This commit therefore
uses a single READ_ONCE() to pick up the value of rhp->func once, then
tests that value twice, thus guaranteeing consistent processing within
rcu_head_after_call_rcu()().

Neverthless, racing rcu_head_after_call_rcu() with call_rcu() is still
a dubious use case.
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
[ paulmck: Add blank line after declaration per checkpatch.pl. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The current code only calls adjust_jiffies_till_sched_qs() if
jiffies_till_sched_qs is left at its default value, so when the
jiffies_till_sched_qs kernel-boot parameter actually is specified,
jiffies_to_sched_qs will be left with the value zero, which
will result in useless slowdowns of cond_resched().  This commit
therefore changes rcu_init_geometry() to unconditionally invoke
adjust_jiffies_till_sched_qs(), which ensures that jiffies_to_sched_qs
will be initialized in all cases, thus maintaining good cond_resched()
performance.
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

The current rcu_gp_kthread_wake() function uses in_interrupt()
and thus does a self-wakeup from all interrupt contexts, including
the pointless case where the GP kthread happens to be running with
bottom halves disabled, along with the impossible case where the GP
kthread is running within an NMI handler (you are not supposed to invoke
rcu_gp_kthread_wake() from within an NMI handler.  This commit therefore
replaces the in_interrupt() with in_irq(), so that the self-wakeups
happen only from handlers for hardware interrupts and softirqs.
This also makes the code match the comment.
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This commit prints a console message when cpulist_parse() reports a
bad list of CPUs, and sets all CPUs' bits in that case.  The reason for
setting all CPUs' bits is that this is the safe(r) choice for real-time
workloads, which would normally be the ones using the rcu_nocbs= kernel
boot parameter.  Either way, later RCU console log messages list the
actual set of CPUs whose RCU callbacks will be offloaded.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

Currently, the rcu_nocbs= kernel boot parameter requires that a specific
list of CPUs be specified, and has no way to say "all of them".
As noted by user RavFX in a comment to Phoronix topic 1002538, this
is an inconvenient side effect of the removal of the RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL
Kconfig option.  This commit therefore enables the rcu_nocbs= kernel boot
parameter to be given the string "all", as in "rcu_nocbs=all" to specify
that all CPUs on the system are to have their RCU callbacks offloaded.

Another approach would be to make cpulist_parse() check for "all", but
there are uses of cpulist_parse() that do other checking, which could
conflict with an "all".  This commit therefore focuses on the specific
use of cpulist_parse() in rcu_nocb_setup().

Just a note to other people who would like changes to Linux-kernel RCU:
If you send your requests to me directly, they might get fixed somewhat
faster.  RavFX's comment was posted on January 22, 2018 and I first saw
it on March 5, 2019.  And the only reason that I found it -at- -all- was
that I was looking for projects using RCU, and my search engine showed
me that Phoronix comment quite by accident.  Your choice, though!  ;-)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

As the result of recent addition of "rdp->core_needs_qs = false;" in
the "if" block, now both branches of the if-else have the same
assignment.

Factor it out and reduce line count.
Signed-off-by: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>

This commit makes rcu@vger.kernel.org be the official list for RCU-related
topics.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>