Impact: split up tracing output per cpu

Currently, on the tracing debugfs directory, three files are
available to the user to let him extracting the trace output:

- trace is an iterator through the ring-buffer. It's a reader
  but not a consumer It doesn't block when no more traces are
  available.

- trace pretty similar to the former, except that it adds more
  informations such as prempt count, irq flag, ...

- trace_pipe is a reader and a consumer, it will also block
  waiting for traces if necessary (heh, yes it's a pipe).

The traces coming from different cpus are curretly mixed up
inside these files. Sometimes it messes up the informations,
sometimes it's useful, depending on what does the tracer
capture.

The tracing_cpumask file is useful to filter the output and
select only the traces captured a custom defined set of cpus.
But still it is not enough powerful to extract at the same time
one trace buffer per cpu.

So this patch creates a new directory: /debug/tracing/per_cpu/.

Inside this directory, you will now find one trace_pipe file and
one trace file per cpu.

Which means if you have two cpus, you will have:

 trace0
 trace1
 trace_pipe0
 trace_pipe1

And of course, reading these files will have the same effect
than with the usual tracing files, except that you will only see
the traces from the given cpu.

The original all-in-one cpu trace file are still available on
their original place.

Until now, only one consumer was allowed on trace_pipe to avoid
racy consuming on the ring-buffer. Now the approach changed a
bit, you can have only one consumer per cpu.

Which means you are allowed to read concurrently trace_pipe0 and
trace_pipe1 But you can't have two readers on trace_pipe0 or
trace_pipe1.

Following the same logic, if there is one reader on the common
trace_pipe, you can not have at the same time another reader on
trace_pipe0 or in trace_pipe1. Because in trace_pipe is already
a consumer in all cpu buffers in essence.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Merge branch 'tip/tracing/ftrace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into tracing/ftrace

Impact: remove old debug/tracing API

/debug/tracing/latency_trace is an old legacy format we kept from
the old latency tracer. Remove the file for now. If there's any
useful bit missing then we'll propagate any useful output bits into
the /debug/tracing/trace output.
Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch adds the directory /debug/tracing/events/ that will contain
all the registered trace points.

 # ls /debug/tracing/events/
sched_kthread_stop      sched_process_fork  sched_switch
sched_kthread_stop_ret  sched_process_free  sched_wait_task
sched_migrate_task      sched_process_wait  sched_wakeup
sched_process_exit      sched_signal_send   sched_wakeup_new

 # ls /debug/tracing/events/sched_switch/
enable

 # cat /debug/tracing/events/sched_switch/enable
1

 # cat /debug/tracing/set_event
sched_switch
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

This patch changes the trace/sched.h to use the DECLARE_TRACE_FMT
such that they are automatically registered with the event tracer.

And it also adds the tracing sched headers to kernel/trace/events.c
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

This patch creates the event tracing infrastructure of ftrace.
It will create the files:

 /debug/tracing/available_events
 /debug/tracing/set_event

The available_events will list the trace points that have been
registered with the event tracer.

set_events will allow the user to enable or disable an event hook.

example:

 # echo sched_wakeup > /debug/tracing/set_event

Will enable the sched_wakeup event (if it is registered).

 # echo "!sched_wakeup" >> /debug/tracing/set_event

Will disable the sched_wakeup event (and only that event).

 # echo > /debug/tracing/set_event

Will disable all events (notice the '>')

 # cat /debug/tracing/available_events > /debug/tracing/set_event

Will enable all registered event hooks.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

This patch creates a DEFINE_TRACE_FMT to map to DECLARE_TRACE.
This allows for the developers to place format strings and
args in with their tracepoint declaration. A tracer may now
override the DEFINE_TRACE_FMT macro and use it to record
a default format.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Merge branch 'tip/x86/ftrace' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into tracing/ftrace

Conflicts:
	include/linux/ftrace.h
	kernel/trace/ftrace.c

Merge branches 'tracing/function-graph-tracer', 'tracing/kmemtrace' and 'tracing/markers' into tracing/core

Impact: added precaution on failure detection

Break out of the modifying loop as soon as a failure is detected.
This is just an added precaution found by code review and was not
found by any bug chasing.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: fix to prevent NMI lockup

If the page fault handler produces a WARN_ON in the modifying of
text, and the system is setup to have a high frequency of NMIs,
we can lock up the system on a failure to modify code.

The modifying of code with NMIs allows all NMIs to modify the code
if it is about to run. This prevents a modifier on one CPU from
modifying code running in NMI context on another CPU. The modifying
is done through stop_machine, so only NMIs must be considered.

But if the write causes the page fault handler to produce a warning,
the print can slow it down enough that as soon as it is done
it will take another NMI before going back to the process context.
The new NMI will perform the write again causing another print and
this will hang the box.

This patch turns off the writing as soon as a failure is detected
and does not wait for it to be turned off by the process context.
This will keep NMIs from getting stuck in this back and forth
of print outs.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: keep kernel text read only

Because dynamic ftrace converts the calls to mcount into and out of
nops at run time, we needed to always keep the kernel text writable.

But this defeats the point of CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA. This patch converts
the kernel code to writable before ftrace modifies the text, and converts
it back to read only afterward.

The kernel text is converted to read/write, stop_machine is called to
modify the code, then the kernel text is converted back to read only.

The original version used SYSTEM_STATE to determine when it was OK
or not to change the code to rw or ro. Andrew Morton pointed out that
using SYSTEM_STATE is a bad idea since there is no guarantee to what
its state will actually be.

Instead, I moved the check into the set_kernel_text_* functions
themselves, and use a local variable to determine when it is
OK to change the kernel text RW permissions.

[ Update: Ingo Molnar suggested moving the prototypes to cacheflush.h ]
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Sometimes it happens that KConfig dependencies are not handled
like in the following scenario:

- config A
   bool

- config B
   bool
   depends on A

- config C
   bool
   select B

If one selects C, then it will select B without checking its
dependency to A, if A hasn't been selected elsewhere, it will
result in a build failure.

This is what happens on the following build error:

 kernel/built-in.o: In function `marker_update_probe_range':
 (.text+0x52f64): undefined reference to `tracepoint_probe_register_noupdate'
 kernel/built-in.o: In function `marker_update_probe_range':
 (.text+0x52f74): undefined reference to `tracepoint_probe_unregister_noupdate'
 kernel/built-in.o: In function `marker_update_probe_range':
 (.text+0x52fb9): undefined reference to `tracepoint_probe_unregister_noupdate'
 kernel/built-in.o: In function `marker_update_probes':
 marker.c:(.text+0x530ba): undefined reference to `tracepoint_probe_update_all'

CONFIG_KVM_TRACE will select CONFIG_MARKER, but the latter
depends on CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS which will not be selected.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch creates the weak functions: ftrace_arch_code_modify_prepare
and ftrace_arch_code_modify_post_process that are called before and
after the stop machine is called to modify the kernel text.

If the arch needs to do pre or post processing, it only needs to define
these functions.

[ Update: Ingo Molnar suggested using the name ftrace_arch_code_modify_*
          over using ftrace_arch_modify_* ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Merge branch 'for-ingo' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/penberg/slab-2.6 into tracing/kmemtrace

Conflicts:
	mm/slub.c

Impact: trace only functions matching a pattern

The set_graph_function file let one to trace only one or several
chosen functions and follow all their code flow.

Currently, only a constant function name is allowed so this patch
allows the ftrace_regex functions:

- matches all functions that end with "name":
  echo *name > set_graph_function

- matches all functions that begin with "name":
  echo name* > set_graph_function

- matches all functions that contains "name":
  echo *name* > set_graph_function

Example:

echo mutex* > set_graph_function

 0)               |  mutex_lock_nested() {
 0)   0.563 us    |    __might_sleep();
 0)   2.072 us    |  }
 0)               |  mutex_unlock() {
 0)   1.036 us    |    __mutex_unlock_slowpath();
 0)   2.433 us    |  }
 0)               |  mutex_unlock() {
 0)   0.691 us    |    __mutex_unlock_slowpath();
 0)   1.787 us    |  }
 0)               |  mutex_lock_interruptible_nested() {
 0)   0.548 us    |    __might_sleep();
 0)   1.945 us    |  }
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

As a preparational patch to bump up page allocator pass-through threshold,
introduce two new constants SLUB_MAX_SIZE and SLUB_PAGE_SHIFT and convert
mm/slub.c to use them.
Reported-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>

Steven Rostedt found a bug in where in his modified kernel
ftrace was unable to modify the kernel text, due to the PMD
itself having been marked read-only as well in
split_large_page().

The fix, suggested by Linus, is to not try to 'clone' the
reference protection of a huge-page, but to use the standard
(and permissive) page protection bits of KERNPG_TABLE.

The 'cloning' makes sense for the ptes but it's a confused and
incorrect concept at the page table level - because the
pagetable entry is a set of all ptes and hence cannot
'clone' any single protection attribute - the ptes can be any
mixture of protections.

With the permissive KERNPG_TABLE, even if the pte protections
get changed after this point (due to ftrace doing code-patching
or other similar activities like kprobes), the resulting combined
protections will still be correct and the pte's restrictive
(or permissive) protections will control it.

Also update the comment.

This bug was there for a long time but has not caused visible
problems before as it needs a rather large read-only area to
trigger. Steve possibly hacked his kernel with some really
large arrays or so. Anyway, the bug is definitely worth fixing.

[ Huang Ying also experienced problems in this area when writing
  the EFI code, but the real bug in split_large_page() was not
  realized back then. ]
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reported-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: fix time warps under vmware

Similar to the check for TSC going backwards in the TSC clocksource,
we also need this check for VMI clocksource.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Cc: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

* master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm:
  [ARM] 5405/1: ep93xx: remove unused gesbc9312.h header
  [ARM] 5404/1: Fix condition in arm_elf_read_implies_exec() to set READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
  [ARM] omap: fix clock reparenting in omap2_clk_set_parent()
  [ARM] 5403/1: pxa25x_ep_fifo_flush() *ep->reg_udccs always set to 0
  [ARM] 5402/1: fix a case of wrap-around in sanity_check_meminfo()
  [ARM] 5401/1: Orion: fix edge triggered GPIO interrupt support
  [ARM] 5400/1: Add support for inverted rdy_busy pin for Atmel nand device controller
  [ARM] 5391/1: AT91: Enable GPIO clocks earlier
  [ARM] 5390/1: AT91: Watchdog fixes
  [ARM] 5398/1: Add Wan ZongShun to MAINTAINERS for W90P910
  [ARM] omap: fix _omap2_clksel_get_src_field()
  [ARM] omap: fix omap2_divisor_to_clksel() error return value

Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86, mce: fix ifdef for 64bit thermal apic vector clear on shutdown
  x86, mce: use force_sig_info to kill process in machine check
  x86, mce: reinitialize per cpu features on resume
  x86, rcu: fix strange load average and ksoftirqd behavior

Merge branch 'tracing-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'tracing-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  tracing: limit the number of loops the ring buffer self test can make
  tracing: have function trace select kallsyms
  tracing: disable tracing while testing ring buffer
  tracing/function-graph-tracer: trace the idle tasks

* 'for-linus' of git://git390.marist.edu/pub/scm/linux-2.6:
  [S390] fix "mem=" handling in case of standby memory
  [S390] Fix timeval regression on s390
  [S390] sclp: handle empty event buffers

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
  sound: virtuoso: revert "do not overwrite EEPROM on Xonar D2/D2X"
  ALSA: jack - Use card->shortname for input name
  ALSA: usb-audio - Workaround for misdetected sample rate with CM6207
  ALSA: usb-audio - Fix non-continuous rate detection
  sound: usb-audio: fix uninitialized variable with M-Audio MIDI interfaces
  Revert "Sound: hda - Restore PCI configuration space with interrupts off"

Remove the gesbc9312.h header since it is unused.
Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

READ_IMPLIES_EXEC must be set when:
o binary _is_ an executable stack (i.e. not EXSTACK_DISABLE_X)
o processor architecture is _under_ ARMv6 (XN bit is supported from ARMv6)
Signed-off-by: Makito SHIOKAWA <lkhmkt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Standby memory detected with the sclp interface gets always registered
with add_memory calls without considering the limitationt that the
"mem=" kernel paramater implies.
So fix this and only register standby memory that is below the specified
limit.
This fixes zfcpdump since it uses "mem=32M". In case there is appr.
2GB standby memory present all of usable memory would be used for the
struct pages needed for standby memory.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

commit aa5e97ce
[PATCH] improve precision of process accounting.

Introduced a timing regression:
-bash-3.2# time ls
real    0m0.006s
user    0m1.754s
sys     0m1.094s

The problem was introduced by an error in cputime_to_timeval.
Cputime is now 1/4096 microsecond, therefore, we have to divide
the remainder with 4096 to get the microseconds.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

Handle a malformed hardware response which some versions of the
Support Element (SE) may present during SE restart and which otherwise
would result in an endless loop in function sclp_dispatch_evbufs.
Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

When changing the parent of a clock, it is necessary to keep the
clock use counts balanced otherwise things the parent state will
get corrupted.  Since we already disable and re-enable the clock,
we might as well use the recursive versions instead.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Merge artifact: pid got changed to ent->pid meanwhile.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

- fix typos/grammos and clarify the text
- prettify the document some more

Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Update documentation for the function graph tracer.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: trace output cleanup/reordering

When an interrupt occurs and and the abstime option is selected:

  echo funcgraph-abstime > /debug/tracing/trace_options

then we observe broken traces:

30581.025422 |   0)   Xorg-4291    |   0.503 us    |      idle_cpu();
30581.025424 |   0)   Xorg-4291    |   2.576 us    |    }
30581.025424 |   0)   Xorg-4291    | + 75.771 us   |  }
 0)   Xorg-4291    |   <========== |
30581.025425 |   0)   Xorg-4291    |               |  schedule() {
30581.025426 |   0)   Xorg-4291    |               |    __schedule() {
30581.025426 |   0)   Xorg-4291    |   0.705 us    |      _spin_lock_irq();

With this patch, the interrupts output better adapts
to absolute time printing:

  414.856543 |   1)   Xorg-4279    |   8.816 us    |                        }
  414.856544 |   1)   Xorg-4279    |   0.525 us    |                        rcu_irq_exit();
  414.856545 |   1)   Xorg-4279    |   0.526 us    |                        idle_cpu();
  414.856546 |   1)   Xorg-4279    | + 12.157 us   |                      }
  414.856549 |   1)   Xorg-4279    | ! 104.114 us  |                    }
  414.856549 |   1)   Xorg-4279    |   <========== |
  414.856549 |   1)   Xorg-4279    | ! 107.944 us  |                  }
  414.856550 |   1)   Xorg-4279    | ! 137.010 us  |                }
  414.856551 |   1)   Xorg-4279    |   0.624 us    |                _read_unlock();
  414.856552 |   1)   Xorg-4279    | ! 140.930 us  |              }
  414.856552 |   1)   Xorg-4279    | ! 166.159 us  |            }
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Merge branch 'mainline/function-graph' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into tracing/function-graph-tracer

*ep->reg_udccs is always set to 0.
Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eric Miao <eric.miao@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>