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  1. 13 Jan, 2014 6 commits
    • David S. Miller's avatar
      Merge branch 'ip_forward_pmtu' · c139cd3b
      David S. Miller authored 
      Hannes Frederic Sowa says:

====================
path mtu hardening patches

After a lot of back and forth I want to propose these changes regarding
path mtu hardening and give an outline why I think this is the best way
how to proceed:

This set contains the following patches:
* ipv4: introduce ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward and protect forwarding path against pmtu spoofing
* ipv6: introduce ip6_dst_mtu_forward and protect forwarding path with it
* ipv4: introduce hardened ip_no_pmtu_disc mode

The first one switches the forwarding path of IPv4 to use the interface
mtu by default and ignore a possible discovered path mtu. It provides
a sysctl to switch back to the original behavior (see discussion below).

The second patch does the same thing unconditionally for IPv6. I don't
provide a knob for IPv6 to switch to original behavior (please see
below).

The third patch introduces a hardened pmtu mode, where only pmtu
information are accepted where the protocol is able to do more stringent
checks on the icmp piggyback payload (please see the patch commit msg
for further details).

Why is this change necessary?

First of all, RFC 1191 4. Router specification says:
"When a router is unable to forward a datagram because it exceeds the
 MTU of the next-hop network and its Don't Fragment bit is set, the
 router is required to return an ICMP Destination Unreachable message
 to the source of the datagram, with the Code indicating
 "fragmentation needed and DF set". ..."

For some time now fragmentation has been considered problematic, e.g.:
* http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/Compaq-DEC/WRL-87-3.pdf
* http://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc4963

Most of them seem to agree that fragmentation should be avoided because
of efficiency, data corruption or security concerns.

Recently it was shown possible that correctly guessing IP ids could lead
to data injection on DNS packets:
<https://sites.google.com/site/hayashulman/files/fragmentation-poisoning.pdf>

While we can try to completly stop fragmentation on the end host
(this is e.g. implemented via IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE), we cannot stop
fragmentation completly on the forwarding path. On the end host the
application has to deal with MTUs and has to choose fallback methods
if fragmentation could be an attack vector. This is already the case for
most DNS software, where a maximum UDP packet size can be configured. But
until recently they had no control over local fragmentation and could
thus emit fragmented packets.

On the forwarding path we can just try to delay the fragmentation to
the last hop where this is really necessary. Current kernel already does
that but only because routers don't receive feedback of path mtus, these are
only send back to the end host system. But it is possible to maliciously
insert path mtu inforamtion via ICMP packets which have an icmp echo_reply
payload, because we cannot validate those notifications against local
sockets. DHCP clients which establish an any-bound RAW-socket could also
start processing unwanted fragmentation-needed packets.

Why does IPv4 has a knob to revert to old behavior while IPv6 doesn't?

IPv4 does fragmentation on the path while IPv6 does always respond with
packet-too-big errors. The interface MTU will always be greater than
the path MTU information. So we would discard packets we could actually
forward because of malicious information. After this change we would
let the hop, which really could not forward the packet, notify the host
of this problem.

IPv4 allowes fragmentation mid-path. In case someone does use a software
which tries to discover such paths and assumes that the kernel is handling
the discovered pmtu information automatically. This should be an extremly
rare case, but because I could not exclude the possibility this knob is
provided. Also this software could insert non-locked mtu information
into the kernel. We cannot distinguish that from path mtu information
currently. Premature fragmentation could solve some problems in wrongly
configured networks, thus this switch is provided.

One frag-needed packet could reduce the path mtu down to 522 bytes
(route/min_pmtu).

Misc:

IPv6 neighbor discovery could advertise mtu information for an
interface. These information update the ipv6-specific interface mtu and
thus get used by the forwarding path.

Tunnel and xfrm output path will still honour path mtu and also respond
with Packet-too-Big or fragmentation-needed errors if needed.

Changelog for all patches:
v2)
* enabled ip_forward_use_pmtu by default
* reworded
v3)
* disabled ip_forward_use_pmtu by default
* reworded
v4)
* renamed ip_dst_mtu_secure to ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward
* updated changelog accordingly
* removed unneeded !!(... & ...) double negations

v2)
* by default we honour pmtu information
3)
* only honor interface mtu
* rewritten and simplified
* no knob to fall back to old mode any more

v2)
* reworded Documentation
====================
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      c139cd3b
    • Hannes Frederic Sowa's avatar
      ipv4: introduce hardened ip_no_pmtu_disc mode · 8ed1dc44
      Hannes Frederic Sowa authored 
      This new ip_no_pmtu_disc mode only allowes fragmentation-needed errors
to be honored by protocols which do more stringent validation on the
ICMP's packet payload. This knob is useful for people who e.g. want to
run an unmodified DNS server in a namespace where they need to use pmtu
for TCP connections (as they are used for zone transfers or fallback
for requests) but don't want to use possibly spoofed UDP pmtu information.

Currently the whitelisted protocols are TCP, SCTP and DCCP as they check
if the returned packet is in the window or if the association is valid.

Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: John Heffner <johnwheffner@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: default avatarFlorian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      8ed1dc44
    • Hannes Frederic Sowa's avatar
      ipv6: introduce ip6_dst_mtu_forward and protect forwarding path with it · 0954cf9c
      Hannes Frederic Sowa authored 
      In the IPv6 forwarding path we are only concerend about the outgoing
interface MTU, but also respect locked MTUs on routes. Tunnel provider
or IPSEC already have to recheck and if needed send PtB notifications
to the sending host in case the data does not fit into the packet with
added headers (we only know the final header sizes there, while also
using path MTU information).

The reason for this change is, that path MTU information can be injected
into the kernel via e.g. icmp_err protocol handler without verification
of local sockets. As such, this could cause the IPv6 forwarding path to
wrongfully emit Packet-too-Big errors and drop IPv6 packets.

Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: John Heffner <johnwheffner@gmail.com>
Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      0954cf9c
    • Hannes Frederic Sowa's avatar
      ipv4: introduce ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward and protect forwarding path against pmtu spoofing · f87c10a8
      Hannes Frederic Sowa authored 
      While forwarding we should not use the protocol path mtu to calculate
the mtu for a forwarded packet but instead use the interface mtu.

We mark forwarded skbs in ip_forward with IPSKB_FORWARDED, which was
introduced for multicast forwarding. But as it does not conflict with
our usage in unicast code path it is perfect for reuse.

I moved the functions ip_sk_accept_pmtu, ip_sk_use_pmtu and ip_skb_dst_mtu
along with the new ip_dst_mtu_maybe_forward to net/ip.h to fix circular
dependencies because of IPSKB_FORWARDED.

Because someone might have written a software which does probe
destinations manually and expects the kernel to honour those path mtus
I introduced a new per-namespace "ip_forward_use_pmtu" knob so someone
can disable this new behaviour. We also still use mtus which are locked on a
route for forwarding.

The reason for this change is, that path mtus information can be injected
into the kernel via e.g. icmp_err protocol handler without verification
of local sockets. As such, this could cause the IPv4 forwarding path to
wrongfully emit fragmentation needed notifications or start to fragment
packets along a path.

Tunnel and ipsec output paths clear IPCB again, thus IPSKB_FORWARDED
won't be set and further fragmentation logic will use the path mtu to
determine the fragmentation size. They also recheck packet size with
help of path mtu discovery and report appropriate errors.

Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: John Heffner <johnwheffner@gmail.com>
Cc: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      f87c10a8
    • Terry Lam's avatar
      HHF qdisc: fix jiffies-time conversion. · 6c76a07a
      Terry Lam authored 
      This is to be compatible with the use of "get_time" (i.e. default
time unit in us) in iproute2 patch for HHF as requested by Stephen.
Signed-off-by: default avatarTerry Lam <vtlam@google.com>
Acked-by: default avatarNandita Dukkipati <nanditad@google.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      6c76a07a
    • Joe Perches's avatar
      qlcnic: Convert vmalloc/memset to kcalloc · f3c0773f
      Joe Perches authored 
      vmalloc is a limited resource.  Don't use it unnecessarily.

It seems this allocation should work with kcalloc.

Remove unnecessary memset(,0,) of buf as it's completely
overwritten as the previously only unset field in
struct qlcnic_pci_func_cfg is now set to 0.

Use kfree instead of vfree.
Use ETH_ALEN instead of 6.
Signed-off-by: default avatarJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: default avatarJitendra Kalsaria <jitendra.kalsaria@qlogic.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      f3c0773f
  3. 12 Jan, 2014 10 commits
  5. 11 Jan, 2014 17 commits
  7. 10 Jan, 2014 7 commits
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