The grace-period initialization sequence in rcu_start_gp() has a special
case for systems where the rcu_node tree is a single rcu_node structure.
This made sense some years ago when systems were smaller and up to 64
CPUs could share a single rcu_node structure, but now that large systems
are common and a given leaf rcu_node structure can support only 16 CPUs
(due to lock contention on the rcu_node's ->lock field), this optimization
is almost never taken.  And even the small mobile platforms that might
make use of it might rather have the kernel text reduction.

Therefore, this commit removes the check for single-rcu_node trees.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

RCU's current CPU-offline code path dumps all of the outgoing CPU's
callbacks onto the RCU_NEXT_TAIL portion of the surviving CPU's
callback list.  This means that all the ready-to-invoke callbacks from
the outgoing CPU must wait for another full RCU grace period.  This was
just fine when CPU-hotplug events were rare, but there is increasing
evidence that users are planning to make increasing use of CPU hotplug.

Therefore, this commit changes the callback-dumping procedure so that
callbacks that are ready to invoke are moved to the RCU_DONE_TAIL
portion of the surviving CPU's callback list.  This avoids running
these callbacks through a second unnecessary grace period.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Because quiescent states are now reported from offline CPUs in
CPU_DYING state, there is some possibility that such a CPU might
note the end of a grace period and attempt to start invoking
callbacks.  This would be a very bad thing, and is supposed to
be prevented by the fact that the CPU_DYING CPU gets rid of all
its callbacks before reporting the quiescent state.  However,
there is other CPU-offline code in the kernel, and it is quite
possible that someone will invoke RCU core processing from that
code.  Therefore, this commit adds a warning for this case.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Currently, a given CPU is permitted to remain in dyntick-idle mode
indefinitely if it has only lazy RCU callbacks queued.  This is vulnerable
to corner cases in NUMA systems, so limit the time to six seconds by
default.  (Currently controlled by a cpp macro.)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Make rcutorture check for CPU-hotplug failures and complain if there
were any.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Move ->qsmaskinit and blkd_tasks[] manipulation to the CPU_DYING
notifier.  This simplifies the code by eliminating a potential
deadlock and by reducing the responsibilities of force_quiescent_state().
Also rename functions to make their connection to the CPU-hotplug
stages explicit.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The call_rcu() in mesh_gate_del() invokes mesh_gate_node_reclaim(),
which simply calls kfree().  So convert the call_rcu() to kfree_rcu(),
allowing mesh_gate_node_reclaim() to be eliminated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org

The call_rcu() in do_ip_setsockopt() invokes opt_kfree_rcu(), which just
calls kfree().  So convert the call_rcu() to kfree_rcu(), which allows
opt_kfree_rcu() to be eliminated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org

Because opt_kfree_rcu() just calls kfree(), all call_rcu() uses of it
may be converted to kfree_rcu().  This permits opt_kfree_rcu() to
be eliminated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org

The call_rcu() in ft_tport_delete() invokes ft_tport_rcu_free(),
which just does a kfree().  So convert the call_rcu() to kfree_rcu(),
allowing ft_tport_rcu_free() to be eliminated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Nicholas A. Bellinger" <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Cc: linux-scsi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: target-devel@vger.kernel.org

The call_rcu() in unregister_external_interrupt() invokes
ext_int_hash_update(), which just does a kfree().  Convert the
call_rcu() to kfree_rcu(), allowing ext_int_hash_update() to
be eliminated.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

The RCU_TRACE kernel parameter has always been intended for debugging,
not for production use.  Formalize this by moving RCU_TRACE from
init/Kconfig to lib/Kconfig.debug.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

When CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ is enabled, RCU will allow a given CPU to
enter dyntick-idle mode even if it still has RCU callbacks queued.
RCU avoids system hangs in this case by scheduling a timer for several
jiffies in the future.  However, if all of the callbacks on that CPU
are from kfree_rcu(), there is no reason to wake the CPU up, as it is
not a problem to defer freeing of memory.

This commit therefore tracks the number of callbacks on a given CPU
that are from kfree_rcu(), and avoids scheduling the timer if all of
a given CPU's callbacks are from kfree_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The push for energy efficiency will require that RCU tag rcu_head
structures to indicate whether or not their invocation is time critical.
This tagging is best carried out in the bottom bits of the ->next
pointers in the rcu_head structures.  This tagging requires that the
rcu_head structures be properly aligned, so this commit adds the required
diagnostics.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

It is illegal to have a grace period within a same-flavor RCU read-side
critical section, so this commit adds lockdep-RCU checks to splat when
such abuse is encountered.  This commit does not detect more elaborate
RCU deadlock situations.  These situations might be a job for lockdep
enhancements.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Although TREE_PREEMPT_RCU indirectly uses might_sleep() to detect illegal
use of synchronize_sched() and synchronize_rcu_bh() from within an RCU
read-side critical section, this might_sleep() check is bypassed when
there is only a single CPU (for example, when running an SMP kernel on
a single-CPU system).  This patch therefore adds a might_sleep() call
to the rcu_blocking_is_gp() check that is unconditionally invoked from
both synchronize_sched() and synchronize_rcu_bh().
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Add publications from 2010 and 2011 to RTFP.txt.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

These are the bug fixes that have accumulated since 3.3-rc3 in arm-soc.
The majority of them are regression fixes for stuff that broke during
the merge 3.3 window.

The notable ones are:

* The at91 ata drivers both broke because of an earlier cleanup patch that
  some other patches were based on. Jean-Christophe decided to remove
  the legacy at91_ide driver and fix the new-style at91-pata driver while
  keeping the cleanup patch. I almost rejected the patches for being too
  late and too big but in the end decided to accept them because they
  fix a regression.

* A patch fixing build breakage from the sysdev-to-device conversion
  colliding with other changes touches a number of mach-s3c files.

* b0654037 "ARM: orion: Fix Orion5x GPIO regression from MPP cleanup"
  is a mechanical change that unfortunately touches a lot of lines
  that should up in the diffstat.

* tag 'fixes-3.3-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc: (28 commits)
  ARM: at91: drop ide driver in favor of the pata one
  pata/at91: use newly introduced SMC accessors
  ARM: at91: add accessor to manage SMC
  ARM: at91:rtc/rtc-at91sam9: ioremap register bank
  ARM: at91: USB AT91 gadget registration for module
  ep93xx: fix build of vision_ep93xx.c
  ARM: OMAP2xxx: PM: fix OMAP2xxx-specific UART idle bug in v3.3
  ARM: orion: Fix USB phy for orion5x.
  ARM: orion: Fix Orion5x GPIO regression from MPP cleanup
  ARM: EXYNOS: Add cpu-offset property in gic device tree node
  ARM: EXYNOS: Bring exynos4-dt up to date
  ARM: OMAP3: cm-t35: fix section mismatch warning
  ARM: OMAP2: Fix the OMAP2 only build break seen with 2011+ ARM tool-chains
  ARM: tegra: paz00: fix wrong UART port on mini-pcie plug
  ARM: tegra: paz00: fix wrong SD1 power gpio
  i2c: tegra: Add devexit_p() for remove
  ARM: EXYNOS: Correct M-5MOLS sensor clock frequency on Universal C210 board
  ARM: EXYNOS: Correct framebuffer window size on Nuri board
  ARM: SAMSUNG: Fix missing api-change from subsys_interface change
  ARM: EXYNOS: Fix "warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type"
  ...

1) VETH_INFO_PEER netlink attribute needs to have it's size validated,
   from Thomas Graf.

2) 'poll' module option of bnx2x driver crashes the machine, just remove
   it.  From Michal Schmidt.

3) ks8851_mll driver reads the irq number from two places, but only
   initializes one of them, oops.  Use only one location and fix this
   problem, from Jan Weitzel.

4) Fix buffer overrun and unicast sterring bugs in mellanox mlx4 driver,
   from Eugenia Emantayev.

5) Swapped kcalloc() args in RxRPC and mlx4, from Axel Lin.

6) PHY MDIO device name regression fixes from Florian Fainelli.

7) If the wake event IRQ line is different from the netdevice one, we
   have to properly route it to the stmmac interrupt handler.  From
   Francesco Virlinzi.

8) Fix rwlock lock initialization ordering bug in mac80211, from
   Mohammed Shafi Shajakhan.

9) TCP lost_cnt can get out of sync, and in fact go negative, in certain
   circumstances.  Fix the way we specify what sequence range to operate
   on in tcp_sacktag_one() to fix this bug.  From Neal Cardwell.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (27 commits)
  net/ethernet: ks8851_mll fix irq handling
  veth: Enforce minimum size of VETH_INFO_PEER
  stmmac: update the driver version to Feb 2012 (v2)
  stmmac: move hw init in the probe (v2)
  stmmac: request_irq when use an ext wake irq line (v2)
  stmmac: do not discard frame on dribbling bit assert
  ipheth: Add iPhone 4S
  mlx4: add unicast steering entries to resource_tracker
  mlx4: fix QP tree trashing
  mlx4: fix buffer overrun
  3c59x: shorten timer period for slave devices
  netpoll: netpoll_poll_dev() should access dev->flags
  RxRPC: Fix kcalloc parameters swapped
  bnx2x: remove the 'poll' module option
  tcp: fix tcp_shifted_skb() adjustment of lost_cnt_hint for FACK
  ks8851: Fix NOHZ local_softirq_pending 08 warning
  bnx2x: fix bnx2x_storm_stats_update() on big endian
  ixp4xx-eth: fix PHY name to match MDIO bus name
  octeon: fix PHY name to match MDIO bus name
  fec: fix PHY name to match fixed MDIO bus name
  ...

Fixes a bootstrapping issue for some registers when a less commonly used
method for register cache initialisation is used.  Only affects a fairly
small proportion of users that both don't use explicit register defaults
and do use the cache.

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/regmap:
  regmap: Fix cache defaults initialization from raw cache defaults

Merge tag 'ecryptfs-3.3-rc4-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tyhicks/ecryptfs

Fixes maximum filename length and filesystem type reporting in statfs() calls
and also fixes stale inode mode bits on eCryptfs inodes after a POSIX ACL was
set on the lower filesystem's inode.

* tag 'ecryptfs-3.3-rc4-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tyhicks/ecryptfs:
  ecryptfs: remove the second argument of k[un]map_atomic()
  eCryptfs: Copy up lower inode attrs after setting lower xattr
  eCryptfs: Improve statfs reporting

pinctrl fixes for v3.3

* tag 'pinctrl-for-torvalds-20120216' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl:
  pinctrl: restore pin naming

Here are a few more fixes for powerpc.  Some are regressions, the rest
is simple/obvious/nasty enough that I deemed it good to go now.

Here's also step one of deprecating legacy iSeries support: we are
removing it from the main defconfig.

Nobody seems to be using it anymore and the code is nasty to maintain,
(involves horrible hacks in various low level areas of the kernel) so we
plan to actually rip it out at some point.  For now let's just avoid
building it by default.  Stephen will proceed to do the actual removal
later (probably 3.4 or 3.5).

* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc:
  powerpc/perf: power_pmu_start restores incorrect values, breaking frequency events
  powerpc/adb: Use set_current_state()
  powerpc: Disable interrupts early in Program Check
  powerpc: Remove legacy iSeries from ppc64_defconfig
  powerpc/fsl/pci: Fix PCIe fixup regression
  powerpc: Fix kernel log of oops/panic instruction dump

One regression fix for SR-IOV on PPC and a couple of misc fixes from
Yinghai.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci:
  PCI: Fix pci cardbus removal
  PCI: set pci sriov page size before reading SRIOV BAR
  PCI: workaround hard-wired bus number V2

3 radeon fixes, I have some exynos fixes to push later but I'll queue
them separately once I've looked them over a bit.

* 'drm-fixes' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
  drm/radeon/kms: fix MSI re-arm on rv370+
  drm/radeon/kms/atom: bios scratch reg handling updates
  drm/radeon/kms: drop lock in return path of radeon_fence_count_emitted.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6:
  crypto: sha512 - use standard ror64()

After all the FPU state cleanups and finally finding the problem that
caused all our FPU save/restore problems, this re-introduces the
preloading of FPU state that was removed in commit b3b0870e ("i387:
do not preload FPU state at task switch time").

However, instead of simply reverting the removal, this reimplements
preloading with several fixes, most notably

 - properly abstracted as a true FPU state switch, rather than as
   open-coded save and restore with various hacks.

   In particular, implementing it as a proper FPU state switch allows us
   to optimize the CR0.TS flag accesses: there is no reason to set the
   TS bit only to then almost immediately clear it again.  CR0 accesses
   are quite slow and expensive, don't flip the bit back and forth for
   no good reason.

 - Make sure that the same model works for both x86-32 and x86-64, so
   that there are no gratuitous differences between the two due to the
   way they save and restore segment state differently due to
   architectural differences that really don't matter to the FPU state.

 - Avoid exposing the "preload" state to the context switch routines,
   and in particular allow the concept of lazy state restore: if nothing
   else has used the FPU in the meantime, and the process is still on
   the same CPU, we can avoid restoring state from memory entirely, just
   re-expose the state that is still in the FPU unit.

   That optimized lazy restore isn't actually implemented here, but the
   infrastructure is set up for it.  Of course, older CPU's that use
   'fnsave' to save the state cannot take advantage of this, since the
   state saving also trashes the state.

In other words, there is now an actual _design_ to the FPU state saving,
rather than just random historical baggage.  Hopefully it's easier to
follow as a result.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This moves the bit that indicates whether a thread has ownership of the
FPU from the TS_USEDFPU bit in thread_info->status to a word of its own
(called 'has_fpu') in task_struct->thread.has_fpu.

This fixes two independent bugs at the same time:

 - changing 'thread_info->status' from the scheduler causes nasty
   problems for the other users of that variable, since it is defined to
   be thread-synchronous (that's what the "TS_" part of the naming was
   supposed to indicate).

   So perfectly valid code could (and did) do

	ti->status |= TS_RESTORE_SIGMASK;

   and the compiler was free to do that as separate load, or and store
   instructions.  Which can cause problems with preemption, since a task
   switch could happen in between, and change the TS_USEDFPU bit. The
   change to TS_USEDFPU would be overwritten by the final store.

   In practice, this seldom happened, though, because the 'status' field
   was seldom used more than once, so gcc would generally tend to
   generate code that used a read-modify-write instruction and thus
   happened to avoid this problem - RMW instructions are naturally low
   fat and preemption-safe.

 - On x86-32, the current_thread_info() pointer would, during interrupts
   and softirqs, point to a *copy* of the real thread_info, because
   x86-32 uses %esp to calculate the thread_info address, and thus the
   separate irq (and softirq) stacks would cause these kinds of odd
   thread_info copy aliases.

   This is normally not a problem, since interrupts aren't supposed to
   look at thread information anyway (what thread is running at
   interrupt time really isn't very well-defined), but it confused the
   heck out of irq_fpu_usable() and the code that tried to squirrel
   away the FPU state.

   (It also caused untold confusion for us poor kernel developers).

It also turns out that using 'task_struct' is actually much more natural
for most of the call sites that care about the FPU state, since they
tend to work with the task struct for other reasons anyway (ie
scheduling).  And the FPU data that we are going to save/restore is
found there too.

Thanks to Arjan Van De Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> for pointing us to
the %esp issue.

Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Raphael Prevost <raphael@buro.asia>
Acked-and-tested-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Tested-by: Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The AMD K7/K8 CPUs don't save/restore FDP/FIP/FOP unless an exception is
pending.  In order to not leak FIP state from one process to another, we
need to do a floating point load after the fxsave of the old process,
and before the fxrstor of the new FPU state.  That resets the state to
the (uninteresting) kernel load, rather than some potentially sensitive
user information.

We used to do this directly after the FPU state save, but that is
actually very inconvenient, since it

 (a) corrupts what is potentially perfectly good FPU state that we might
     want to lazy avoid restoring later and

 (b) on x86-64 it resulted in a very annoying ordering constraint, where
     "__unlazy_fpu()" in the task switch needs to be delayed until after
     the DS segment has been reloaded just to get the new DS value.

Coupling it to the fxrstor instead of the fxsave automatically avoids
both of these issues, and also ensures that we only do it when actually
necessary (the FP state after a save may never actually get used).  It's
simply a much more natural place for the leaked state cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Yes, taking the trap to re-load the FPU/MMX state is expensive, but so
is spending several days looking for a bug in the state save/restore
code.  And the preload code has some rather subtle interactions with
both paravirtualization support and segment state restore, so it's not
nearly as simple as it should be.

Also, now that we no longer necessarily depend on a single bit (ie
TS_USEDFPU) for keeping track of the state of the FPU, we migth be able
to do better.  If we are really switching between two processes that
keep touching the FP state, save/restore is inevitable, but in the case
of having one process that does most of the FPU usage, we may actually
be able to do much better than the preloading.

In particular, we may be able to keep track of which CPU the process ran
on last, and also per CPU keep track of which process' FP state that CPU
has.  For modern CPU's that don't destroy the FPU contents on save time,
that would allow us to do a lazy restore by just re-enabling the
existing FPU state - with no restore cost at all!
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>

After passing through a ->setxattr() call, eCryptfs needs to copy the
inode attributes from the lower inode to the eCryptfs inode, as they
may have changed in the lower filesystem's ->setxattr() path.

One example is if an extended attribute containing a POSIX Access
Control List is being set. The new ACL may cause the lower filesystem to
modify the mode of the lower inode and the eCryptfs inode would need to
be updated to reflect the new mode.

https://launchpad.net/bugs/926292Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
Reported-by: Sebastien Bacher <seb128@ubuntu.com>
Cc: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

statfs() calls on eCryptfs files returned the wrong filesystem type and,
when using filename encryption, the wrong maximum filename length.

If mount-wide filename encryption is enabled, the cipher block size and
the lower filesystem's max filename length will determine the max
eCryptfs filename length. Pre-tested, known good lengths are used when
the lower filesystem's namelen is 255 and a cipher with 8 or 16 byte
block sizes is used. In other, less common cases, we fall back to a safe
rounded-down estimate when determining the eCryptfs namelen.

https://launchpad.net/bugs/885744Signed-off-by: Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>

This creates three helper functions that do the TS_USEDFPU accesses, and
makes everybody that used to do it by hand use those helpers instead.

In addition, there's a couple of helper functions for the "change both
CR0.TS and TS_USEDFPU at the same time" case, and the places that do
that together have been changed to use those.  That means that we have
fewer random places that open-code this situation.

The intent is partly to clarify the code without actually changing any
semantics yet (since we clearly still have some hard to reproduce bug in
this area), but also to make it much easier to use another approach
entirely to caching the CR0.TS bit for software accesses.

Right now we use a bit in the thread-info 'status' variable (this patch
does not change that), but we might want to make it a full field of its
own or even make it a per-cpu variable.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Touching TS_USEDFPU without touching CR0.TS is confusing, so don't do
it.  By moving it into the callers, we always do the TS_USEDFPU next to
the CR0.TS accesses in the source code, and it's much easier to see how
the two go hand in hand.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 5b1cbac3 ("i387: make irq_fpu_usable() tests more robust")
added a sanity check to the #NM handler to verify that we never cause
the "Device Not Available" exception in kernel mode.

However, that check actually pinpointed a (fundamental) race where we do
cause that exception as part of the signal stack FPU state save/restore
code.

Because we use the floating point instructions themselves to save and
restore state directly from user mode, we cannot do that atomically with
testing the TS_USEDFPU bit: the user mode access itself may cause a page
fault, which causes a task switch, which saves and restores the FP/MMX
state from the kernel buffers.

This kind of "recursive" FP state save is fine per se, but it means that
when the signal stack save/restore gets restarted, it will now take the
'#NM' exception we originally tried to avoid.  With preemption this can
happen even without the page fault - but because of the user access, we
cannot just disable preemption around the save/restore instruction.

There are various ways to solve this, including using the
"enable/disable_page_fault()" helpers to not allow page faults at all
during the sequence, and fall back to copying things by hand without the
use of the native FP state save/restore instructions.

However, the simplest thing to do is to just allow the #NM from kernel
space, but fix the race in setting and clearing CR0.TS that this all
exposed: the TS bit changes and the TS_USEDFPU bit absolutely have to be
atomic wrt scheduling, so while the actual state save/restore can be
interrupted and restarted, the act of actually clearing/setting CR0.TS
and the TS_USEDFPU bit together must not.

Instead of just adding random "preempt_disable/enable()" calls to what
is already excessively ugly code, this introduces some helper functions
that mostly mirror the "kernel_fpu_begin/end()" functionality, just for
the user state instead.

Those helper functions should probably eventually replace the other
ad-hoc CR0.TS and TS_USEDFPU tests too, but I'll need to think about it
some more: the task switching functionality in particular needs to
expose the difference between the 'prev' and 'next' threads, while the
new helper functions intentionally were written to only work with
'current'.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

perf on POWER stopped working after commit e050e3f0 (perf: Fix
broken interrupt rate throttling). That patch exposed a bug in
the POWER perf_events code.

Since the PMCs count upwards and take an exception when the top bit
is set, we want to write 0x80000000 - left in power_pmu_start. We were
instead programming in left which effectively disables the counter
until we eventually hit 0x80000000. This could take seconds or longer.

With the patch applied I get the expected number of samples:

          SAMPLE events:       9948
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>

Signed-off-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>

Program Check exceptions are the result of WARNs, BUGs, some
type of breakpoints, kprobe, and other illegal instructions.

We want interrupts (and thus preemption) to remain disabled
while doing the initial stage of testing the reason and
branching off to a debugger or kprobe, so we are still on
the original CPU which makes debugging easier in various cases.

This is how the code was intended, hence the local_irq_enable()
right in the middle of program_check_exception().

However, the assembly exception prologue for that exception was
incorrectly marked as enabling interrupts, which defeats that
(and records a redundant enable with lockdep).
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>