In Kbuild, Makefiles can add the same object to obj-y multiple
times.  So,

   obj-y += foo.o
   obj-y += foo.o

is fine.

However, this is not true when the same object is added multiple
times via composite objects.  For example,

   obj-y    += foo.o bar.o
   foo-objs := foo-bar-common.o foo-only.o
   bar-objs := foo-bar-common.o bar-only.o

causes build error because two instances of foo-bar-common.o are
linked into the vmlinux.

Makefiles tend to invent ugly work-around, for example
  - lib/zstd/Makefile
  - drivers/net/ethernet/cavium/liquidio/Makefile

The technique used in Kbuild to avoid the multiple definition error
is to use $(filter $(obj-y), $^).  Here, $^ lists the names of all
the prerequisites with duplicated names removed.

By replacing it with $(filter $(real-obj-y), $^) we can do likewise
for composite objects.  For built-in objects, we do not need to keep
the composite object structure.  We can simply expand them, and link
$(real-obj-y) to built-in.a.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

When I was refactoring Makefiles, I stupidly mistook 'real-obj-y' for
'real-objs-y' over and over again.  Finally, I decide to rename it to
'real-obj-y'.  This is consistent with 'obj-y', 'subdir-obj-y'.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Just a cosmetic change to put related code close together.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Cao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>

modname can be calculated much more simply.  If modname-multi is
empty, it is a single-used object.  So, modname = $(basetarget).
Otherwise, modname = $(modname-multi).
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Cao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>

Commit cf4f2193 ("kbuild: Allow to specify composite modules
with modname-m") added modname-m support, but missed to update the
corresponding multi-objs-m & modname-multi definition.
Signed-off-by: Cao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Currently, KBUILD_MODNAME is defined only when $(modname) contains
just one word.  If an object is shared among multiple modules,
undefined KBUILD_MODNAME could cause a build error.  For example,
if CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is enabled, any call of printk() populates
.modname, then fails to build due to undefined KBUILD_MODNAME.

Take the following code as an example:

  obj-m += foo.o
  obj-m += bar.o
  foo-objs := foo-bar-common.o foo-only.o
  bar-objs := foo-bar-common.o bar-only.o

In this case, there is room for argument what to define for
KBUILD_MODNAME when foo-bar-common.o is being compiled.
"foo", "bar", or what else?

One idea is to define colon-separated modules that share the object,
in this case, "bar:foo" (modules are sorted alphabetically by
$(sort ...)).
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Cao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>

In the context ...

    $(obj)/%.s: $(src)/%.c FORCE
            $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)

    $(obj)/%.i: $(src)/%.c FORCE
            $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_i_c)

    $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) $(objtool_dep) FORCE
            $(call cmd,force_checksrc)
            $(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)

    $(obj)/%.lst: $(src)/%.c FORCE
            $(call if_changed_dep,cc_lst_c)

'$*' returns the stem of the target (the part of '%'), so $(obj)/ has
already been ripped off.

$(subst $(obj)/,,$*.o) is the same as $*.o
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Cao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>

stat(1) is not standardized and different implementations have their own
(conflicting) flags for querying the size of a file.

ls(1) provides the same information (value of st.st_size) in the 5th
column, except when the file is a character or block device. This output
is standardized[0]. The -n option turns on -l, which writes lines
formatted like

  "%s %u %s %s %u %s %s\n", <file mode>, <number of links>,
      <owner name>, <group name>, <size>, <date and time>,
      <pathname>

but instead of writing the <owner name> and <group name>, it writes the
numeric owner and group IDs (this avoids /etc/passwd and /etc/group
lookups as well as potential field splitting issues).

The <size> field is specified as "the value that would be returned for
the file in the st_size field of struct stat".

To avoid duplicating logic in several locations in the tree, create
scripts/file-size.sh and update callers to use that instead of stat(1).

[0] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/ls.html#tag_20_73_10Signed-off-by: Michael Forney <forney@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

If CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is enabled and the kernel is built from
a pristine state, the vmlinux is linked twice.

[1] A user runs 'make'

[2] First build with empty autoksyms.h

[3] adjust_autoksyms.sh updates autoksyms.h and recurses 'make vmlinux'

  --------(begin sub-make)--------
  [4] Second build with new autoksyms.h

  [5] link-vmlinux.sh is invoked because vmlinux is missing
  ---------(end sub-make)---------

[6] link-vmlinux.sh is invoked again despite vmlinux is up-to-date.

The reason of [6] is probably because Make already decided to update
vmlinux at the time of [2] because vmlinux was missing when Make
built up the dependency graph.

Because if_changed is implemented based on $?, this issue can be
narrowed down to how Make handles $?.

You can test it with the following simple code:

[Test Makefile]
  A: B
          @echo newer prerequisite: $?
          cp B A

  B: C
          cp C B
          touch A

[Result]
  $ rm -f A B
  $ touch C
  $ make
  cp C B
  touch A
  newer prerequisite: B
  cp B A

Here, 'A' has been touched in the recipe of 'B'.  So, the dependency
'A: B' has already been met before the recipe of 'A' is executed.
However, Make does not notice the fact that the recipe of 'B' also
updates 'A' as a side-effect.

The situation is similar in this case; the vmlinux has actually been
updated in the vmlinux_prereq target.  Make cannot predict this, so
judges the vmlinux is old.

link-vmlinux.sh is costly, so it is better to not run it when unneeded.
Split CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS recursion to a dedicated target.

The reason of commit 2441e78b ("kbuild: better abstract vmlinux
sequential prerequisites") was to cater to CONFIG_BUILD_DOCSRC, but
it was later removed by commit 18489292 ("samples: move blackfin
gptimers-example from Documentation").
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>

The idea of using fixdep was inspired by Kconfig, but autoksyms
belongs to a different group.  So, I want to move those touched
files under include/config/ksym/ to include/ksym/.

The directory include/ksym/ can be removed by 'make clean' because
it is meaningless for the external module building.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>

The external module building does not need to parse this code because
KBUILD_MODULES is always set anyway.

Move this code inside the "ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) ... endif" block.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>

Commit d3fc425e ("kbuild: make sure autoksyms.h exists early")
moved the code that touches autoksyms.h to scripts/kconfig/Makefile
with obscure reason.

From Nicolas' comment [1], he did not seem to be sure about the root
cause.

I guess I figured it out, so here is a fix-up I think is more correct.
According to the error log in the original post [2], the build failed
in scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.c

scripts/mod/Makefile is descended from scripts/Makefile, which is
invoked from the top-level Makefile by the 'scripts' target.

To build vmlinux and/or modules, Kbuild descend into $(vmlinux-dirs).
This depends on 'prepare' and 'scripts' as follows:

  $(vmlinux-dirs): prepare scripts

Because there is no dependency between 'prepare' and 'scripts', the
parallel building can execute them simultaneously.

'prepare' depends on 'prepare1', which touched autoksyms.h, while
'scripts' descends into script/, then scripts/mod/, which needs
<generated/autoksyms.h> if CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS.  It was the
reason of the race.

I am not happy to have unrelated code in the Kconfig Makefile, so
getting it back to the top Makefile.

I removed the standalone test target because I want to use it to
create an empty autoksyms.h file.  Here is a little improvement;
unnecessary autoksyms.h is not created when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
is disabled.

[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/30/734
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/30/531Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>

Just a trivial change to prepare for the next commit.
This target is still invisible from external module building.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

The comment mentions it creates autoksyms.h in case it is missing,
but the actual code touches it when it does exists.

The build system creates it anyway because <linux/export.h> and
<asm-generic/export.h> need it.

The code would not have worked as intended, and people have not
noticed it.  This is a proof that we can simply remove it.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>

Currently LDFLAGS is not cleared, so same flags are accumulated in
LDFLAGS when the top Makefile is recursively invoked.

I found unneeded rebuild for ARCH=arm64 when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS
is enabled.  If include/generated/autoksyms.h is updated, the top
Makefile is recursively invoked, then arch/arm64/Makefile adds one
more '-maarch64linux'.  Due to the command line change, modules are
rebuilt needlessly.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>

Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt lists variables used in Makefile
whereas Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt describes user assignable
parameters given via environments or the command line.

The top Makefile and arch/*/Makefile accumulate proper linker flags to
LDFLAGS_vmlinux.  So, users can not override it from the command line.
Generally, per-file options are not supposed to be user-assignable.
Remove the misleading entry from kbuild.txt.

If we need a way to append user-specific flags for linking the kernel,
LDFLAGS_KERNEL would be a consistent choice because we already expose
LDFLAGS_MODULE counter-part to users.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt lists variables used in Makefile
whereas Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt describes user assignable
parameters given via environments or the command line.

LDFLAGS_MODULE is a command line interface, so it should be dropped
from makefiles.txt.

Some lines below in this file, it is clearly explained that
KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE is the right one for the internal use:

    KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE   Options for $(LD) when linking modules

        $(KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE) is used to add arch-specific options
        used when linking modules. This is often a linker script.
        From commandline LDFLAGS_MODULE shall be used (see kbuild.txt).

Then, kbuild.txt explains LDFLAGS_MODULE, like follows:

    LDFLAGS_MODULE
    --------------------------------------------------
    Additional options used for $(LD) when linking modules.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Currently, linker options are tested by the coordination of $(CC) and
$(LD) because $(LD) needs some object to link.

As commit 86a9df59 ("kbuild: fix linker feature test macros when
cross compiling with Clang") addressed, we need to make sure $(CC)
and $(LD) agree the underlying architecture of the passed object.

This could be a bit complex when we combine tools from different groups.
For example, we can use clang for $(CC), but we still need to rely on
GCC toolchain for $(LD).

So, I was searching for a way of standalone testing of linker options.
A trick I found is to use '-v'; this not only prints the version string,
but also tests if the given option is recognized.

If a given option is supported,

  $ aarch64-linux-gnu-ld -v --fix-cortex-a53-843419
  GNU ld (Linaro_Binutils-2017.11) 2.28.2.20170706
  $ echo $?
  0

If unsupported,

  $ aarch64-linux-gnu-ld -v --fix-cortex-a53-843419
  GNU ld (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1-4.7-2013.04-20130415 - Linaro GCC 2013.04) 2.23.1
  aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: unrecognized option '--fix-cortex-a53-843419'
  aarch64-linux-gnu-ld: use the --help option for usage information
  $ echo $?
  1

Gold works likewise.

  $ aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.gold -v --fix-cortex-a53-843419
  GNU gold (Linaro_Binutils-2017.11 2.28.2.20170706) 1.14
  masahiro@pug:~/ref/linux$ echo $?
  0
  $ aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.gold -v --fix-cortex-a53-999999
  GNU gold (Linaro_Binutils-2017.11 2.28.2.20170706) 1.14
  aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.gold: --fix-cortex-a53-999999: unknown option
  aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.gold: use the --help option for usage information
  $ echo $?
  1

LLD too.

  $ ld.lld -v --gc-sections
  LLD 7.0.0 (http://llvm.org/git/lld.git 4a0e4190e74cea19f8a8dc625ccaebdf8b5d1585) (compatible with GNU linkers)
  $ echo $?
  0
  $ ld.lld -v --fix-cortex-a53-843419
  LLD 7.0.0 (http://llvm.org/git/lld.git 4a0e4190e74cea19f8a8dc625ccaebdf8b5d1585) (compatible with GNU linkers)
  $ echo $?
  0
  $ ld.lld -v --fix-cortex-a53-999999
  ld.lld: error: unknown argument: --fix-cortex-a53-999999
  LLD 7.0.0 (http://llvm.org/git/lld.git 4a0e4190e74cea19f8a8dc625ccaebdf8b5d1585) (compatible with GNU linkers)
  $ echo $?
  1
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>

Support parallel building of clean, config, and build targets in a
single command.

For example,

  make -j<N> clean all

or

  make -j<N> mrproper defconfig all

They should be handled one by one.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Incremental linking is gone, so rename built-in.o to built-in.a, which
is the usual extension for archive files.

This patch does two things, first is a simple search/replace:

git grep -l 'built-in\.o' | xargs sed -i 's/built-in\.o/built-in\.a/g'

The second is to invert nesting of nested text manipulations to avoid
filtering built-in.a out from libs-y2:

-libs-y2 := $(filter-out %.a, $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(libs-y)))
+libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(filter-out %.a, $(libs-y)))
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

This removes the old `ld -r` incremental link option, which has not
been selected by any architecture since June 2017.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

* Use BREs where EREs aren't necessary.
* Pass -E instead of -r to use EREs. This will be standardized in the
  next POSIX revision[0]. GNU sed supports this since 4.2 (May 2009),
  and busybox since 1.22.0 (Jan 2014).
* Use the [:space:] character class instead of ` \t` in bracket
  expressions. In bracket expressions, POSIX says that <backslash> loses
  its special meaning, so a conforming implementation cannot expand \t
  to <tab>[1].
* In BREs, use interval expressions (\{n,m\}) instead of non-standard
  features like \+ and \?.
* Use a loop instead of -s flag.

There are still plenty of other cases of non-standard sed invocations
(use of ERE features in BREs, in-place editing), but this fixes some
core ones.

[0] http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=528
[1] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap09.html#tag_09_03_05Signed-off-by: Michael Forney <forney@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Based on gcc-version.sh, clang-version.sh prints out the correct
version of clang.
Signed-off-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Pull x86/pti updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Yet another pile of melted spectrum related updates:

   - Drop native vsyscall support finally as it causes more trouble than
     benefit.

   - Make microcode loading more robust. There were a few issues
     especially related to late loading which are now surfacing because
     late loading of the IB* microcodes addressing spectre issues has
     become more widely used.

   - Simplify and robustify the syscall handling in the entry code

   - Prevent kprobes on the entry trampoline code which lead to kernel
     crashes when the probe hits before CR3 is updated

   - Don't check microcode versions when running on hypervisors as they
     are considered as lying anyway.

   - Fix the 32bit objtool build and a coment typo"

* 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/kprobes: Fix kernel crash when probing .entry_trampoline code
  x86/pti: Fix a comment typo
  x86/microcode: Synchronize late microcode loading
  x86/microcode: Request microcode on the BSP
  x86/microcode/intel: Look into the patch cache first
  x86/microcode: Do not upload microcode if CPUs are offline
  x86/microcode/intel: Writeback and invalidate caches before updating microcode
  x86/microcode/intel: Check microcode revision before updating sibling threads
  x86/microcode: Get rid of struct apply_microcode_ctx
  x86/spectre_v2: Don't check microcode versions when running under hypervisors
  x86/vsyscall/64: Drop "native" vsyscalls
  x86/entry/64/compat: Save one instruction in entry_INT80_compat()
  x86/entry: Do not special-case clone(2) in compat entry
  x86/syscalls: Use COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINEx() macros for x86-only compat syscalls
  x86/syscalls: Use proper syscall definition for sys_ioperm()
  x86/entry: Remove stale syscall prototype
  x86/syscalls/32: Simplify $entry == $compat entries
  objtool: Fix 32-bit build

Pull timer fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Just a single fix which adds a missing Kconfig dependency to avoid
  unmet dependency warnings"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  clocksource/atmel-st: Add 'depends on HAS_IOMEM' to fix unmet dependency

Pull RAS fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Two small fixes for RAS/MCE:

   - Serialize sysfs changes to avoid concurrent modificaiton of
     underlying data

   - Add microcode revision to Machine Check records. This should have
     been there forever, but now with the broken microcode versions in
     the wild it has become important"

* 'ras-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/MCE: Serialize sysfs changes
  x86/MCE: Save microcode revision in machine check records

Pull perf updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Another set of perf updates:

   - Fix a Skylake Uncore event format declaration

   - Prevent perf pipe mode from crahsing which was caused by a missing
     buffer allocation

   - Make the perf top popup message which tells the user that it uses
     fallback mode on older kernels a debug message.

   - Make perf context rescheduling work correcctly

   - Robustify the jump error drawing in perf browser mode so it does
     not try to create references to NULL initialized offset entries

   - Make trigger_on() robust so it does not enable the trigger before
     everything is set up correctly to handle it

   - Make perf auxtrace respect the --no-itrace option so it does not
     try to queue AUX data for decoding.

   - Prevent having different number of field separators in CVS output
     lines when a counter is not supported.

   - Make the perf kallsyms man page usage behave like it does for all
     other perf commands.

   - Synchronize the kernel headers"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf/core: Fix ctx_event_type in ctx_resched()
  perf tools: Fix trigger class trigger_on()
  perf auxtrace: Prevent decoding when --no-itrace
  perf stat: Fix CVS output format for non-supported counters
  tools headers: Sync x86's cpufeatures.h
  tools headers: Sync copy of kvm UAPI headers
  perf record: Fix crash in pipe mode
  perf annotate browser: Be more robust when drawing jump arrows
  perf top: Fix annoying fallback message on older kernels
  perf kallsyms: Fix the usage on the man page
  perf/x86/intel/uncore: Fix Skylake UPI event format

Pull locking fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "rt_mutex_futex_unlock() grew a new irq-off call site, but the function
  assumes that its always called from irq enabled context.

  Use (un)lock_irqsafe() to handle the new call site correctly"

* 'locking-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  rtmutex: Make rt_mutex_futex_unlock() safe for irq-off callsites

Pull dmaengine fixes from Vinod Koul:
 "Two small fixes are for this cycle:

   - fix max_chunk_size for rcar-dmac for R-Car Gen3

   - fix clock resource of mv_xor_v2"

* tag 'dmaengine-fix-4.16-rc5' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma:
  dmaengine: mv_xor_v2: Fix clock resource by adding a register clock
  dmaengine: rcar-dmac: fix max_chunk_size for R-Car Gen3

Pull GPIO fix from Linus Walleij:
 "This is a single GPIO fix for the v4.16 series affecting the Renesas
  driver, and fixes wakeup from external stuff"

* tag 'gpio-v4.16-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio:
  gpio: rcar: Use wakeup_path i.s.o. explicit clock handling

On the CP110 components which are present on the Armada 7K/8K SoC we need
to explicitly enable the clock for the registers. However it is not
needed for the AP8xx component, that's why this clock is optional.

With this patch both clock have now a name, but in order to be backward
compatible, the name of the first clock is not used. It allows to still
use this clock with a device tree using the old binding.
Signed-off-by: Gregory CLEMENT <gregory.clement@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>

Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:

 - make fixdep parse kconfig.h to fix missing rebuild

 - replace hyphens with underscores in builtin DTB label names

 - fix typos

* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  kbuild: Handle builtin dtb file names containing hyphens
  scripts/bloat-o-meter: fix typos in help
  fixdep: do not ignore kconfig.h
  fixdep: remove some false CONFIG_ matches
  fixdep: remove stale references to uml-config.h

Pull watchdog fixes from Wim Van Sebroeck:

 - f71808e_wdt: Fix magic close handling

 - sbsa: 32-bit read fix for WCV

 - hpwdt: Remove legacy NMI sourcing

* tag 'linux-watchdog-4.16-fixes-2' of git://www.linux-watchdog.org/linux-watchdog:
  watchdog: hpwdt: Remove legacy NMI sourcing.
  watchdog: sbsa: use 32-bit read for WCV
  watchdog: f71808e_wdt: Fix magic close handling

Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:

 - a xen-blkfront fix from Bhavesh with a multiqueue fix when
   detaching/re-attaching

 - a few important NVMe fixes, including a revert for a sysfs fix that
   caused some user space confusion

 - two bcache fixes by way of Michael Lyle

 - a loop regression fix, fixing an issue with lost writes on DAX.

* tag 'for-linus-20180309' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  loop: Fix lost writes caused by missing flag
  nvme_fc: rework sqsize handling
  nvme-fabrics: Ignore nr_io_queues option for discovery controllers
  xen-blkfront: move negotiate_mq to cover all cases of new VBDs
  Revert "nvme: create 'slaves' and 'holders' entries for hidden controllers"
  bcache: don't attach backing with duplicate UUID
  bcache: fix crashes in duplicate cache device register
  nvme: pci: pass max vectors as num_possible_cpus() to pci_alloc_irq_vectors
  nvme-pci: Fix EEH failure on ppc

Merge tag 'for-4.16/dm-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm

Pull device mapper fixes from Mike Snitzer:

 - Fix an uninitialized variable false warning in dm bufio

 - Fix DM's passthrough ioctl support to be race free against an
   underlying device being removed.

 - Fix corner-case of DM raid resync reporting if/when the raid becomes
   degraded during resync; otherwise automated raid repair will fail.

 - A few DM multipath fixes to make non-SCSI optimizations, that were
   introduced during the 4.16 merge, useful for all non-SCSI devices,
   rather than narrowly define this non-SCSI mode in terms of "nvme".

   This allows the removal of "queue_mode nvme" that really didn't need
   to be introduced. Instead DM core will internalize whether
   nvme-specific IO submission optimizations are doable and DM multipath
   will only do SCSI-specific device handler operations if SCSI is in
   use.

* tag 'for-4.16/dm-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm table: allow upgrade from bio-based to specialized bio-based variant
  dm mpath: remove unnecessary NVMe branching in favor of scsi_dh checks
  dm table: fix "nvme" test
  dm raid: fix incorrect sync_ratio when degraded
  dm: use blkdev_get rather than bdgrab when issuing pass-through ioctl
  dm bufio: avoid false-positive Wmaybe-uninitialized warning

Pull rdma fixes from Doug Ledford:

 - Various driver bug fixes in mlx5, mlx4, bnxt_re and qedr, ranging
   from bugs under load to bad error case handling

 - There in one largish patch fixing the locking in bnxt_re to avoid a
   machine hard lock situation

 - A few core bugs on error paths

 - A patch to reduce stack usage in the new CQ API

 - One mlx5 regression introduced in this merge window

 - There were new syzkaller scripts written for the RDMA subsystem and
   we are fixing issues found by the bot

 - One of the commits (aa0de36a “RDMA/mlx5: Fix integer overflow
   while resizing CQ”) is missing part of the commit log message and one
   of the SOB lines. The original patch was from Leon Romanovsky, and a
   cut-n-paste separator in the commit message confused patchworks which
   then put the end of message separator in the wrong place in the
   downloaded patch, and I didn’t notice in time. The patch made it into
   the official branch, and the only way to fix it in-place was to
   rebase. Given the pain that a rebase causes, and the fact that the
   patch has relevant tags for stable and syzkaller, a revert of the
   munged patch and a reapplication of the original patch with the log
   message intact was done.

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma: (25 commits)
  RDMA/mlx5: Fix integer overflow while resizing CQ
  Revert "RDMA/mlx5: Fix integer overflow while resizing CQ"
  RDMA/ucma: Check that user doesn't overflow QP state
  RDMA/mlx5: Fix integer overflow while resizing CQ
  RDMA/ucma: Limit possible option size
  IB/core: Fix possible crash to access NULL netdev
  RDMA/bnxt_re: Avoid Hard lockup during error CQE processing
  RDMA/core: Reduce poll batch for direct cq polling
  IB/mlx5: Fix an error code in __mlx5_ib_modify_qp()
  IB/mlx5: When not in dual port RoCE mode, use provided port as native
  IB/mlx4: Include GID type when deleting GIDs from HW table under RoCE
  IB/mlx4: Fix corruption of RoCEv2 IPv4 GIDs
  RDMA/qedr: Fix iWARP write and send with immediate
  RDMA/qedr: Fix kernel panic when running fio over NFSoRDMA
  RDMA/qedr: Fix iWARP connect with port mapper
  RDMA/qedr: Fix ipv6 destination address resolution
  IB/core : Add null pointer check in addr_resolve
  RDMA/bnxt_re: Fix the ib_reg failure cleanup
  RDMA/bnxt_re: Fix incorrect DB offset calculation
  RDMA/bnxt_re: Unconditionly fence non wire memory operations
  ...

Pull x86 platform driver fixes from Darren Hart:
 "Correct a module loading race condition between the DELL_SMBIOS
  backend modules and the first user by converting them to bool features
  of the DELL_SMBIOS driver. Fixup the resulting Kconfig dependency
  issue with DCDBAS"

* tag 'platform-drivers-x86-v4.16-6' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-platform-drivers-x86:
  platform/x86: dell-smbios: Resolve dependency error on DCDBAS
  platform/x86: Allow for SMBIOS backend defaults
  platform/x86: dell-smbios: Link all dell-smbios-* modules together
  platform/x86: dell-smbios: Rename dell-smbios source to dell-smbios-base
  platform/x86: dell-smbios: Correct some style warnings

Pull KVM fixes from Radim Krčmář:
 "PPC:

   - Fix guest time accounting in the host

   - Fix large-page backing for radix guests on POWER9

   - Fix HPT guests on POWER9 backed by 2M or 1G pages

   - Compile fixes for some configs and gcc versions

  s390:

   - Fix random memory corruption when running as guest2 (e.g. KVM in
     LPAR) and starting guest3 (e.g. nested KVM) with many CPUs

   - Export forgotten io interrupt delivery statistics counter"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  KVM: s390: fix memory overwrites when not using SCA entries
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix guest time accounting with VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix VRMA initialization with 2MB or 1GB memory backing
  KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: Fix handling of large pages in radix page fault handler
  KVM: s390: provide io interrupt kvm_stat
  KVM: PPC: Book3S: Fix compile error that occurs with some gcc versions
  KVM: PPC: Fix compile error that occurs when CONFIG_ALTIVEC=n

Pull xen fix from Juergen Gross:
 "Just one fix for the correct error handling after a failed
  device_register()"

* tag 'for-linus-4.16a-rc5-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
  xen: xenbus: use put_device() instead of kfree()