@romain reports that Popen(close_fds=True) is slow on py2. Let's semantically backport from py3 how to close only actually opened file descriptors instead of whole 3..ulimit -n range.

Attached test benchmark shows the following results with ulimit -n=65K:

Before this patch:

$ ./bin/python2.7 ~/x.py
close_fds=False:
0.001251 s/call
0.001337 s/call
0.001486 s/call

close_fds=True:
0.017973 s/call
0.018152 s/call
0.018204 s/call

After the patch:

$ ./bin/python2.7 ~/x.py
close_fds=False:
0.001391 s/call
0.001416 s/call
0.001570 s/call

close_fds=True:
0.001469 s/call
0.001479 s/call
0.001491 s/call

i.e. ~12x speedup.

References on this subject are in the patch itself.

The test benchmark is below:

---- 8< ----

import timeit
from subprocess import check_call

def f():
    check_call(['true'], close_fds=False)
def g():
    check_call(['true'], close_fds=True)

N=3
n=100
print 'close_fds=False:'
for i in range(N):
    print '%.6f s/call' % (timeit.timeit(f, number=n) / n)
print
print 'close_fds=True:'
for i in range(N):
    print '%.6f s/call' % (timeit.timeit(g, number=n) / n)

/helped-by @jm