At some point, the master asks a storage node its partition table. If this node
is lost before getting an answer, another node (or the same one if it comes
back) must be asked.

Before this change, the master node had to be restarted.

The important bugfix is to update the last oid when the master verifies a
transaction with new oids.

By resetting the transaction manager at the beginning of the recovery phase,
it become possible to avoid tid/oid holes:
- by reallocating previously unused allocated oids
- when going back "in the past", i.e. reverting to an older version of the
  database (with fewer oids) and/or adjusting the clock

This fixes several cases where the partition table could become corrupt and
the whole cluster being stuck in VERIFYING state.

This also reduces the probability the have cells out of date when restarting
several storage nodes simultaneously.

At last, if a master node becomes primary again, a cluster must not be started
automatically if nodes with readable cells are missing, in order to avoid
a split of the database. This could happen if this master node was previously
forced to start it.

NEO did not ensure that all data and metadata are written on disk before
tpc_finish, and it was for example vulnerable to ENOSPC errors.
In other words, some work had to be moved to tpc_vote:

- In tpc_vote, all involved storage nodes are now asked to write all metadata
  to ttrans/tobj and _commit_. Because the final tid is not known yet, the tid
  column of ttrans and tobj now contains NULL and the ttid respectively.

- In tpc_finish, AskLockInformation is still required for read locking,
  ttrans.tid is updated with the final value and this change is _committed_.

- The verification phase is greatly simplified, more reliable and faster. For
  all voted transactions, we can know if a tpc_finish was started by getting
  the final tid from the ttid, either from ttrans or from trans. And we know
  that such transactions can't be partial so we don't need to check oids.

So in addition to minimizing the risk of failures during tpc_finish, we also
fix a bug causing the verification phase to discard transactions with objects
for which readCurrent was called.

On performance side:

- Although tpc_vote now asks all involved storages, instead of only those
  storing the transaction metadata, the client has been improved to do this
  in parallel. The additional commits are also all done in parallel.

- A possible improvement to compensate the additional commits is to delay the
  commit done by the unlock.

- By minimizing the time to lock transactions, objects are read-locked for a
  much shorter period. This is even more important that locked transactions
  must be unlocked in the same order.

Transactions with too many modified objects will now timeout inside tpc_vote
instead of tpc_finish. Of course, such transactions may still cause other
transaction to timeout in tpc_finish.

This fixes a regression in commit 83fe64bf
when ttrans has several rows to the same data_id.

- Server connections can now be in 'connecting' state.
- connectionAccepted event (which has never been used so far) is merged into
  connectionCompleted.

This is a workaround to fix holes if replication is interrupted after new data
is committed.

AssertionError are certainly more severe that any other exception
(including OperationFailure) because the process is in an unknown state.

This could have been useful in testStorageFailureDuringTpcFinish:
close() could not be called from answerTransactionFinished because it
deadlocked while trying to send notifications.

The test was relying on fact on the fact that 'c.abort()' caused an assertion
failure, which closed the connection and then raised OperationFailure.
Actually, I wanted to close the connection on master, but it's clearer this way.

Previous code relied on the fact that the exception target is kept past
the end of the except clause. 2to3 is not smart enough to detect that.

Without this change, a different OperationalError exception would be
ignored because there's already a local variable of the same name.

This was forgotten when this table was introduced in
commit f9a8500d

If needed, sortStorageList can be extended in the
future to support a 'readable' parameter.

We can never receive several answers from the same node.

testVerification is dropped for the same reason as for testEvent and most of
testConnection, since there is much incoming changes for verification.

- Last known TID was not updated when recovering a transaction.
- Missing OIDs were ignored, which caused partial transactions to be committed
  instead of being deleted.

The previous SQL query caused a full table scan of the 'trans' table at startup.

I used git-diff for each file and concatenated the result to preverse the order.

This fixes invalid next_serial entries in cache,
and the following error for values not in cache:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "ZODB/Connection.py", line 856, in setstate
      self._setstate(obj)
    File "ZODB/Connection.py", line 894, in _setstate
      self._load_before_or_conflict(obj)
    File "ZODB/Connection.py", line 922, in _load_before_or_conflict
      if not self._setstate_noncurrent(obj):
    File "ZODB/Connection.py", line 945, in _setstate_noncurrent
      assert end is not None
  AssertionError

When run with MySQL, testBasicStore (neo.tests.threaded.test.Test) was slow
and generated log exceeded 29MB.

This increases the number of rows to check per AskCheck*Range packets.

And document 3 bugs found by running many times testBackupNodeLost. About the
tic() issue, I had a case where the test exited instead of looping forever after
the storage crash.