negative number without setting an exception.

a negative number without setting an exception.

(Upstream is https://github.com/python/typing)

- Add TYPE_CHECKING (false at runtime, true in type checkers) (upstream #230).
- Avoid error on Union[xml.etree.cElementTree.Element, str] (upstream #229).
- Repr of Tuple[()] should be 'Tuple[()]' (upstream #231).
- Add NewType() (upstream #189).

It will probably be added back in Python 3.6, once its compatibility
issues are resolved; see [1] for more details.

[1] https://mail.python.org/pipermail/async-sig/2016-June/000045.html

Patch by A. Jesse Jiryu Davis

Patch by Susumu Koshiba.

Fix a "gcc -pendatic" warning.

Fix a "gcc -pedantic" warning on "buffer += n" because buffer type is void*.