https://bugs.python.org/issue38178

Typically, the second positional argument for ``seek()`` is *whence*. That is the POSIX standard name (http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/lseek.3p.html) and the name listed in the documentation for ``io`` module (https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#io.IOBase.seek). 

The tutorial for IO is the only location where the second positional argument for ``seek()`` is referred to as *from_what*. I suspect this was created at an early point in Python's history, and was never updated (as this section predates the GitHub repository):

```
$ git grep "from_what"
Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst:To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, from_what)``.  The position is computed
Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst:the *from_what* argument.  A *from_what* value of 0 measures from the beginning
Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst:the reference point.  *from_what* can be omitted and defaults to 0, using the
```

For consistency, I am suggesting that the tutorial be updated to use the same argument name as the IO documentation and POSIX standard for ``seek()``, particularly since this is the only location where *from_what* is being used.

Note: In the POSIX standard, *whence* is technically the third positional argument, but the first argument *fildes* (file descriptor) is implicit in Python.


https://bugs.python.org/issue37635

XOF digests (SHAKE) are not available in OpenSSL 1.1.0 but SHA3 fixed-length digests are.
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

* Convert select module to PEP-384

Summary: Do the necessary versions to be Pyro-compatible, including migrating `PyType_Ready` to `PyType_FromSpec` and moving static data into a new `_selectstate` struct.

* 📜🤖 Added by blurb_it.

* Fixup Mac OS/X build

In ArgumentClinic, value "NULL" should now be used only for unrepresentable default values
(like in the optional third parameter of getattr). "None" should be used if None is accepted
as argument and passing None has the same effect as not passing the argument at all.

self.assertEquals() is deprecated.

```
./python -We -m test test_typing
Run tests sequentially
0:00:00 load avg: 0.23 [1/1] test_typing
test test_typing failed -- Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lubuntu2/cpython/Lib/test/test_typing.py", line 2382, in test_forward_equality_gth
    self.assertEquals(Union[c1, c1_gth], Union[c1])
  File "/home/lubuntu2/cpython/Lib/unittest/case.py", line 1390, in deprecated_func
    warnings.warn(
DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.

test_typing failed

== Tests result: FAILURE ==

1 test failed:
    test_typing

Total duration: 140 ms
Tests result: FAILURE
```



https://bugs.python.org/issue37953

Attempt to make isolated mode easier to discover via additional inline documentation.
Co-Authored-By: Julien Palard <julien@palard.fr>

* Fix a crash in comparing with float (and maybe other crashes).
* They are now never equal to strings and non-integer numbers.
* Comparison with a large number no longer raises OverflowError.
* Arbitrary exceptions no longer silenced in constructors and comparisons.
* TypeError raised in the constructor contains now the name of the type.
* Accept only ChannelID and int-like objects in channel functions.
* Accept only InterpreterId, int-like objects and str in the InterpreterId constructor.
* Accept int-like objects, not just int in interpreter related functions.

Ideally if we stick a ForwardRef in a dictionary we would like to reliably be able to get it out again.

https://bugs.python.org/issue37953

The PyLong created in the finalizer was not being cleaned up


https://bugs.python.org/issue38150



Automerge-Triggered-By: @matrixise

https://bugs.python.org/issue38092

https://bugs.python.org/issue34706

Specifically in the case of a class that does not override its
constructor signature inherited from object.

These are Buck Evan @bukzor's changes cherrypicked from GH-9344.

Move ensurepip off of pkgutil and to importlib.resources.


https://bugs.python.org/issue37449

* Flip equality to use mock calls' __eq__

* bpo-37555: Regression test demonstrating assert_has_calls not working with ANY and spec_set
Co-authored-by: Neal Finne <neal@nealfinne.com>

* Revert "Flip equality to use mock calls' __eq__"

This reverts commit 94ddf54c5a8aab7d00d9ab93e1cc5695c28d73e7.

* bpo-37555: Add regression tests for mock ANY ordering issues

Add regression tests for whether __eq__ is order agnostic on _Call and _CallList, which is useful for comparisons involving ANY, especially if the ANY comparison is to a class not defaulting __eq__ to NotImplemented.
Co-authored-by: Neal Finne <neal@nealfinne.com>

* bpo-37555: Fix _CallList and _Call order sensitivity

_Call and _CallList depend on ordering to correctly process that an object being compared to ANY with __eq__ should return True. This fix updates the comparison to check both a == b and b == a and return True if either condition is met, fixing situations from the tests in the previous two commits where assertEqual would not be commutative if checking _Call or _CallList objects. This seems like a reasonable fix considering that the Python data model specifies that if an object doesn't know how to compare itself to another object it should return NotImplemented, and that on getting NotImplemented from a == b, it should try b == a, implying that good behavior for __eq__ is commutative. This also flips the order of comparison in _CallList's __contains__ method, guaranteeing ANY will be on the left and have it's __eq__ called for equality checking, fixing the interaction between assert_has_calls and ANY.

Co-author: Neal Finne <neal@neal.finne.com>

* bpo-37555: Ensure _call_matcher returns _Call object

* Adding ACK and news entry

* bpo-37555: Replacing __eq__ with == to sidestep NotImplemented

bool(NotImplemented) returns True, so it's necessary to use ==
instead of __eq__ in this comparison.

* bpo-37555: cleaning up changes unnecessary to the final product

* bpo-37555: Fixed call on bound arguments to respect args and kwargs

* Revert "bpo-37555: Add regression tests for mock ANY ordering issues"

This reverts commit 49c5310ad493c4356dd3bc58c03653cd9466c4fa.

* Revert "bpo-37555: cleaning up changes unnecessary to the final product"

This reverts commit 18e964ba0126d8964d89842cb95534b63c2d326e.

* Revert "bpo-37555: Replacing __eq__ with == to sidestep NotImplemented"

This reverts commit f295eaca5bceac6636c0e2b10e6c7d9a8ee8296a.

* Revert "bpo-37555: Fix _CallList and _Call order sensitivity"

This reverts commit 874fb697b8376fcea130116e56189061f944fde6.

* Updated NEWS.d

* bpo-37555: Add tests checking every function using _call_matcher both with and without spec

* bpo-37555: Ensure all assert methods using _call_matcher are actually passing calls

* Remove AnyCompare and use call objects everywhere.

* Revert "Remove AnyCompare and use call objects everywhere."

This reverts commit 24973c0b32ce7d796a7f4eeaf259832222aae0f5.

* Check for exception in assert_any_await

Varying user/group/permission check needs on platforms.

Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>