Add _PyRuntimeState.preinitializing field: set to 1 while
Py_PreInitialize() is running.

_PyRuntimeState: rename also pre_initialized field to preinitialized.

_PyObject_Dump() now dumps the object address for freed objects and
objects with ob_type=NULL.

When a Python thread has no frame, _Py_DumpTraceback() and
_Py_DumpTracebackThreads() now write "<no Python frame>", rather than
writing nothing.

This includes such names as "cls", "self", "typename", "_typename",
"fields" and "_fields".
Passing positional arguments by keyword is deprecated.

A little change on first paragraph of python tutorial to be more clearly



https://bugs.python.org/issue37904



Automerge-Triggered-By: @ericvsmith

Even when the helper is not started yet.

This behavior follows conventional generator one.
There is no reason for `async_generator_athrow` to handle `gen.throw()` differently.



https://bugs.python.org/issue38013

In the format string for assert_called the evaluation order is incorrect and hence for mock's without name, 'None' is printed whereas it should be 'mock' like for other messages. The error message is ("Expected '%s' to have been called." % self._mock_name or 'mock').

When using multiprocesss (-jN), the main process now uses a timeout
of 60 seconds instead of the double of the --timeout value. The
buildbot server stops a job which does not produce any output in 1200
seconds.

See https://bugs.python.org/issue38192 .



https://bugs.python.org/issue38192

One happens when EditorWindow.close is called twice.
Printing a traceback, when IDLE is run from a terminal,
is useless and annoying.

It no longer tries to create or access .idlerc or any files within.
Users must run IDLE to discover problems with saving settings.

This PR replaces the old note mentioning that `typing` is a provisional module with a new one mentioning types are not enforced at runtime. I am not sure if there was any official announcement about making `typing` non-provisional, but _de-facto_ no new features were added during Python 3.7, and no backwards incompatible changes were made except for few small things that were considered bugs.

``OPENSSL_VERSION_1_1`` was never defined in ``_hashopenssl.c``. 


https://bugs.python.org/issue33936

https://bugs.python.org/issue38178

Typically, the second positional argument for ``seek()`` is *whence*. That is the POSIX standard name (http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/lseek.3p.html) and the name listed in the documentation for ``io`` module (https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#io.IOBase.seek). 

The tutorial for IO is the only location where the second positional argument for ``seek()`` is referred to as *from_what*. I suspect this was created at an early point in Python's history, and was never updated (as this section predates the GitHub repository):

```
$ git grep "from_what"
Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst:To change the file object's position, use ``f.seek(offset, from_what)``.  The position is computed
Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst:the *from_what* argument.  A *from_what* value of 0 measures from the beginning
Doc/tutorial/inputoutput.rst:the reference point.  *from_what* can be omitted and defaults to 0, using the
```

For consistency, I am suggesting that the tutorial be updated to use the same argument name as the IO documentation and POSIX standard for ``seek()``, particularly since this is the only location where *from_what* is being used.

Note: In the POSIX standard, *whence* is technically the third positional argument, but the first argument *fildes* (file descriptor) is implicit in Python.


https://bugs.python.org/issue37635

XOF digests (SHAKE) are not available in OpenSSL 1.1.0 but SHA3 fixed-length digests are.
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>

* Convert select module to PEP-384

Summary: Do the necessary versions to be Pyro-compatible, including migrating `PyType_Ready` to `PyType_FromSpec` and moving static data into a new `_selectstate` struct.

* 📜🤖 Added by blurb_it.

* Fixup Mac OS/X build

In ArgumentClinic, value "NULL" should now be used only for unrepresentable default values
(like in the optional third parameter of getattr). "None" should be used if None is accepted
as argument and passing None has the same effect as not passing the argument at all.

self.assertEquals() is deprecated.

```
./python -We -m test test_typing
Run tests sequentially
0:00:00 load avg: 0.23 [1/1] test_typing
test test_typing failed -- Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lubuntu2/cpython/Lib/test/test_typing.py", line 2382, in test_forward_equality_gth
    self.assertEquals(Union[c1, c1_gth], Union[c1])
  File "/home/lubuntu2/cpython/Lib/unittest/case.py", line 1390, in deprecated_func
    warnings.warn(
DeprecationWarning: Please use assertEqual instead.

test_typing failed

== Tests result: FAILURE ==

1 test failed:
    test_typing

Total duration: 140 ms
Tests result: FAILURE
```



https://bugs.python.org/issue37953

Attempt to make isolated mode easier to discover via additional inline documentation.
Co-Authored-By: Julien Palard <julien@palard.fr>

* Fix a crash in comparing with float (and maybe other crashes).
* They are now never equal to strings and non-integer numbers.
* Comparison with a large number no longer raises OverflowError.
* Arbitrary exceptions no longer silenced in constructors and comparisons.
* TypeError raised in the constructor contains now the name of the type.
* Accept only ChannelID and int-like objects in channel functions.
* Accept only InterpreterId, int-like objects and str in the InterpreterId constructor.
* Accept int-like objects, not just int in interpreter related functions.