netdev protodown is a mechanism that allows protocols to
hold an interface down. It was initially introduced in
the kernel to hold links down by a multihoming protocol.
There was also an attempt to introduce protodown
reason at the time but was rejected. protodown and protodown reason
is supported by almost every switching and routing platform.
It was ok for a while to live without a protodown reason.
But, its become more critical now given more than
one protocol may need to keep a link down on a system
at the same time. eg: vrrp peer node, port security,
multihoming protocol. Its common for Network operators and
protocol developers to look for such a reason on a networking
box (Its also known as errDisable by most networking operators)

This patch adds support for link protodown reason
attribute. There are two ways to maintain protodown
reasons.
(a) enumerate every possible reason code in kernel
    - A protocol developer has to make a request and
      have that appear in a certain kernel version
(b) provide the bits in the kernel, and allow user-space
(sysadmin or NOS distributions) to manage the bit-to-reasonname
map.
	- This makes extending reason codes easier (kind of like
      the iproute2 table to vrf-name map /etc/iproute2/rt_tables.d/)

This patch takes approach (b).

a few things about the patch:
- It treats the protodown reason bits as counter to indicate
active protodown users
- Since protodown attribute is already an exposed UAPI,
the reason is not enforced on a protodown set. Its a no-op
if not used.
the patch follows the below algorithm:
  - presence of reason bits set indicates protodown
    is in use
  - user can set protodown and protodown reason in a
    single or multiple setlink operations
  - setlink operation to clear protodown, will return -EBUSY
    if there are active protodown reason bits
  - reason is not included in link dumps if not used

example with patched iproute2:
$cat /etc/iproute2/protodown_reasons.d/r.conf
0 mlag
1 evpn
2 vrrp
3 psecurity

$ip link set dev vxlan0 protodown on protodown_reason vrrp on
$ip link set dev vxlan0 protodown_reason mlag on
$ip link show
14: vxlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode
DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether f6:06:be:17:91:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff protodown on <mlag,vrrp>

$ip link set dev vxlan0 protodown_reason mlag off
$ip link set dev vxlan0 protodown off protodown_reason vrrp off
Signed-off-by: Roopa Prabhu <roopa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>