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nexedi
cython
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4a0750d0
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4a0750d0
authored
May 10, 2018
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scoder
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May 10, 2018
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Merge pull request #2250 from gabrieldemarmiesse/transfer_reference
Transfered the Cython file types in the userguide.
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docs/src/reference/language_basics.rst
docs/src/reference/language_basics.rst
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docs/src/tutorial/pxd_files.rst
docs/src/tutorial/pxd_files.rst
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docs/src/userguide/language_basics.rst
docs/src/userguide/language_basics.rst
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docs/src/reference/language_basics.rst
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@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ Language Basics
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@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ Language Basics
Cython File Types
Cython File Types
=================
=================
.. NOW IN USER GUIDE, DO NOT TOUCH
There are three file types in Cython:
There are three file types in Cython:
* Implementation files carry a ``.pyx`` suffix
* Implementation files carry a ``.pyx`` suffix
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docs/src/tutorial/pxd_files.rst
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.. _pxd_files:
pxd files
pxd files
=========
=========
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docs/src/userguide/language_basics.rst
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@@ -538,8 +538,78 @@ Like other Python looping statements, break and continue may be used in the
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@@ -538,8 +538,78 @@ Like other Python looping statements, break and continue may be used in the
body, and the loop may have an else clause.
body, and the loop may have an else clause.
The include statement
Cython file types
=====================
=================
There are three file types in Cython:
* The implementation files, carrying a ``.py`` or ``.pyx`` suffix.
* The definition files, carrying a ``.pxd`` suffix.
* The include files, carrying a ``.pxi`` suffix.
The implementation file
-----------------------
The implementation file, as the name suggest, contains the implementation
of your functions, classes, extension types, etc. Nearly all the
python syntax is supported in this file. Most of the time, a ``.py``
file can be renamed into a ``.pyx`` file without changing
any code, and Cython will retain the python behavior.
It is possible for Cython to compile both ``.py`` and ``.pyx`` files.
The name of the file isn't important if one wants to use only the Python syntax,
and Cython won't change the generated code depending on the suffix used.
Though, if one want to use the Cython syntax, using a ``.pyx`` file is necessary.
In addition to the Python syntax, the user can also
leverage Cython syntax (such as ``cdef``) to use C variables, can
declare functions as ``cdef`` or ``cpdef`` and can import C definitions
with :keyword:`cimport`. Many other Cython features usable in implementation files
can be found throughout this page and the rest of the Cython documentation.
There are some restrictions on the implementation part of some :ref:`extension-types`
if the corresponding definition file also defines that type.
.. note::
When a ``.pyx`` file is compiled, Cython first checks to see if a corresponding
``.pxd`` file exists and processes it first. It acts like a header file for
a Cython ``.pyx`` file. You can put inside functions that will be used by
other Cython modules. This allows different Cython modules to use functions
and classes from each other without the Python overhead. To read more about
what how to do that, you can see :ref:`pxd_files`.
The definition file
-------------------
A definition file is used to declare various things.
Any C declaration can be made, and it can be also a declaration of a C variable or
function implemented in a C/C++ file. This can be done with ``cdef extern from``.
Sometimes, ``.pxd`` files are used as a translation of C/C++ header files
into a syntax that Cython can understand. This allows then the C/C++ variable and
functions to be used directly in implementation files with :keyword:`cimport`.
You can read more about it in :ref:`external-C-code` and :ref:`wrapping-cplusplus`.
It can also contain the definition part of an extension type and the declarations
of functions for an external library.
It cannot contain the implementations of any C or Python functions, or any
Python class definitions, or any executable statements. It is needed when one
wants to access :keyword:`cdef` attributes and methods, or to inherit from
:keyword:`cdef` classes defined in this module.
.. note::
You don't need to (and shouldn't) declare anything in a declaration file
:keyword:`public` in order to make it available to other Cython modules; its mere
presence in a definition file does that. You only need a public
declaration if you want to make something available to external C code.
The include statement and include files
---------------------------------------
.. warning::
.. warning::
Historically the ``include`` statement was used for sharing declarations.
Historically the ``include`` statement was used for sharing declarations.
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