The new algorithm avoids fetching the same extended file more than once
and correctly handles overriding values and += and -=:

The new algorithm starts as if there was a buildout file containing

```
[buildout]
extends =
  user/defaults.cfg # if it exists
  buildout.cfg # if it exists
  command_line_extends.cfg # if passed on the command line
```

The files are then fetched in depth-first-search postorder and fetching
child nodes in the order given by the extends directive, ignoring files
that have already been fetched.

The buildout dicts are then collected in order, and this linearisation
is then merged at the end, overriding the first configs collected with
the later ones. The first dict in the linearisation is not from a file,
but the dict of buildout's (hardcoded) defaults. This is equivalent to
acting as though every file that does not extend anything extends these
defaults.

The first time a file must be downloaded from a url, the linearisation
is merged with the configs already collected, and the resulting options
are then used to determine the download options for this download, and
every subsequent download.

This is a break with buildout's current logic for download options.

By analogy with classes in Python, we are computing a linearisation of
the class hierarchy to determine the method resolution order (MRO).
This algorithm is not the same as Python's MRO since Python 2.3 (C3).

It could be good to switch to a C3 linearisation like Python.

This avoids unecessary copies. This is a preparatory step to
reimplementing the extends algorithm. It may be that this breaks
the extends algorithm as it is currently implemented.

This avoids unecessary deepcopies. This is a preparatory step to
reimplementing the extends algorithm. It may be that this breaks
the extends algorithm as it is currently implemented.

If zc.buildout or its dependencies have pinned versions that do not
match the currently running versions, they are now installed in the
local eggs directory from scratch according to the pinned versions.

In offline mode this merely ensures that versions that satisfy the
requirements are already available. This is the case when the eggs
are already installed, or when the running versions are a match to
the pinned versions or the absence of a pinned version.

If after this matching versions of zc.buildout and its dependencies
are not located in the local eggs or develop-eggs directories, they
are copied there as was already the case before.

When generating an environment dict for subprocess calls to pip,
os.environ was accidentally modified despite efforts to copy it
and modify only the copy, as copy.copy(os.environ) is not enough.

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For example: `[versions:python_version <= "3.9"]`.
Fixes https://github.com/buildout/buildout/issues/621

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in 3.11

Also update action/checkout version

files in subdirs were not managed

in the dev environment

Also fixed virtualenv install under 2.7

* Make compatible with pip 22.2+, restoring Requires-Python functionality there.

Fixes https://github.com/buildout/buildout/issues/613.

Note: we are patching `process_url` from `setuptools`.
The existing comment says that this method was copied over from setuptools 46.1.3.
I was wondering, so I checked: the method is still the same in latest setuptools.  And it is largely unchanged since setuptools 42.0.2.
So for that part we should still be compatible with quite a long range of setuptools versions.

* process_url patch: must pass cache_link_parsing=False.

This fixes test failures: extdemo-1.5 was not found, because the previous index page containing only extdemo-1.4 was cached.
We were passing this before to HTMLPage, and still do as a fallback, but I missed that this was also needed in pip 22.2+ for the new IndexContent class.