merge most .c and .py examples

[cachetop] top-like cachestat

* pass -fno-color-diagnostics to clang
* remove unicode import (#623)
* add time to cachetop output
* add keybindings to cachetop.8
* add cachetop links to README.md

make interval a positional parameter.

Alike cachestat.py but providing cache stats at the process level.

* Python USDT API

Code from @vmg

* Basic USDT example

* retire procstat.py

* improve/fix USDT exceptions

* Add profile: a CPU profiler

* move Perf to common class

Use errno symbols in offcputime.py

Fix probe detaching and auto-kprobes

* for #605, this diff moves probe storage from the BPF module to the BPF object,
  letting each instantiation clean up its own probes. A module-level counter
  for all open probes is provided for the quota check. It also adds a
  `cleanup()` function to force cleanup before the `atexit` handler runs.

* for #614, it removes the `len(open_kprobes) == 0` check that prevented more
  than one autoload probe working. It fixes the tests that this change breaks by
  calling the `cleanup()` function added.

Prior to this diff we used inconsistent types for keys in `open_kprobes`. The
results from the regex match (`attach_kprobe(event_re=..)`) and the automatic
`kprobe__` features were passed through `str.decode()`, yielding unicode keys,
but specific matches (i.e. from `attach_kprobe(event=..)`) were stored with
string keys passed down from the caller. Only probes under string keys were
released in `cleanup_kprobes`, leaving attached probes on program exit.

This diff makes all the keys regular strings. I erred on the side of using
regular strings over `str.decode()`ing them because a) this data isn't passed
outside of Python, b) it's more Python 3 compatible (there is no `.decode()` on
a regular string object in Python 3 so such a change would ultimately need
removing again).

I also cleaned up a few other things:

* removed the call to `awk` for getting probable functions

* removed the `isinstance` checks when cleaning uprobes/tracepoints -- we
  should only have string keys in these dicts

* made `num_open_kprobes` skip the perf_events buffers. People likely use this
  to check that the right number of probes have been placed so counting
  perf_events buffers doesn't make sense here

killsnoop: s/failed opens/failed kill syscalls/

fileslower: try probing vfs_write if __vfs_write is missing

Build debian packages in docker containers

Full tracepoint support in Clang front-end

Older versions of GCC don't support std::regex even though they support
most of C++11. To avoid breaking the build on older systems, such as
Ubuntu 14.04, use manual parsing instead of std::regex.

When a probe function refers to a tracepoint arguments structure,
such as `struct tracepoint__irq__irq_handler_entry`, add that structure
on-the-fly using a Clang frontend action that runs before any other
steps take place.

Typically, the user will create tracepoint probe functions using
the TRACEPOINT_PROBE macro, which avoids the need for specifying
the tracepoint category and event twice in the signature of the
probe function.

When a function in the BPF program starts with "tracepoint__", parse
the rest of the name as a tracepoint category and name and attach the
tracepoint automatically. For example:

```
int tracepoint__sched__sched_switch(...)
```

As a result, the sched:sched_switch tracepoint is enabled and the function
is attached to that tracepoint.

On some systems, was seeing a failure at tests/cc/test_c_api.cc:172 due
to failure to open the /tmp/perf-pid.map file. Looking through the code,
narrowed it down to an invalid use of c_str() on a temporary
std::string. Fix it by storing the string in a variable.
Signed-off-by: Brenden Blanco <bblanco@plumgrid.com>

Upstream, params() was renamed to parameters(). In order to support both
old and new LLVM, use the unchanged param_begin and param_end API.
Signed-off-by: Brenden Blanco <bblanco@plumgrid.com>