As discussed in #966, this PR makes the size of the ring buffer used to send
data to userspace configurable. It changes the Python, Lua and C++ APIs to
expose this knob.

It also defaults the buffer size to a larger value (64 pages per CPU, an 8x
increase) for several tools which produce a lot of output, as well as making it
configurable in `trace` via a `-b` flag.

Fix "for loop initial declarations only in C99" compile error

Fix minor error in test instructions

External debuginfo support and general symbols overhaul

This commit introduces support for tests of the new debuglink and
build-id debuginfo resolution functionality. The tests build a
dummy.c file with a debuglink section, and again with a build-id
section, and make sure that the symbol resolution code can locate
the debug information correctly (in the binary's directory for
debuglink, and in /usr/lib/debug/.build-id for the build-id).

The implementation of `ProcSyms::resolve_name` was only valid for
kernel symbols, when there is no module. When a module was provided,
it would segfault due to the module being null. Fixed by making
`bcc_symcache_resolve_name` take an additional module parameter,
which, for kernel symbols, is simply null (`None` from Python).

Adds support for resolving symbols using external debuginfo files,
which can be retrieved from two locations. First, check the build-id
of the desired binary and look in /usr/lib/debug/.build-id according
to the build-id structure. Second, check the debuglink section of
the desired binary and look in /usr/lib/debug or in the binary's
current directory. These are the rules applied by GDB as well, but
GDB lets the user reconfigure the debug directory path from
/usr/lib/debug to something else; we do not support this.

These changes are based on the following description of how GDB
resolves external debuginfo:

https://sourceware.org/gdb/onlinedocs/gdb/Separate-Debug-Files.html

When resolving symbols, ProcSyms would treat position-independent
executables (PIE files) incorrectly, resulting in symbol resolution
failures. Specifically, PIE files are treated like shared objects
for ASLR, which means all symbol addresses in the file need to be
taken relative to the executable load address at runtime, the same
as with dynamic library shared objects.

The fix is in the `is_so()` method on `ProcSyms::Module`, which
now uses the correct `bcc_elf_is_shared` helper for testing if a
file is a shared object rather than just looking at the extension
".so", which is very brittle -- and wrong.

Remove addresses from stack output, as these are not used in the
vast majority of the cases.

The default profile output used to include stack addresses,
which are not used in 99+% of the cases.

Remove usyms.py dependency and replace with new symbols API.

The new API has two main methods: `sym` and `ksym` (the second is
a trivial wrapper of the first one). Both methods accept two
Boolean flags arguments: `show_module` and `show_address`. The first
controls whether the resulting symbol name should contain the name
of the symbol's module, in brackets. For kernel symbols, this is
simply "[kernel]". The second controls whether the resulting symbol
name should contain the instruction offset from the beginning of
the symbol, e.g. "start_thread+0x202".

This class was obsolete and replaced by the SymbolCache class.

Support base + index * scale addressing for USDT arguments

trace, argdist: Treat small USDT arguments correctly

trace and argdist currently only work correctly for USDT arguments
whose size is exactly 8 bytes. Smaller types, such as chars, shorts,
ints (signed or unsigned) are not treated correctly. The reason is
that the produced program would invoke the `bpf_usdt_readarg` helper
with the address of a u64 local variable, and then cast that variable
to the user-specified type derived from the format string. However,
the `bpf_usdt_readarg` rewriting then passes `sizeof(u64)` to the
generated `bpf_..._readarg` macro, which then fails to read anything
because the provided size doesn't match the argument size it knows
about.

The fix is fairly easy: instead of declaring a u64 unconditionally
and reading into that variable with `bpf_usdt_readarg`, declare a
variable that has the correct type according to what we know about
the USDT probe.

Fix file descriptor leak

It turns out that some software will have USDT probe arguments
referencing memory using the full `nnn@(%basereg + %idxreg * scale`
syntax. This is represented as `nnn@(%basereg,%idxreg,scale)` in
the `NT_STAPSDT` note, encountered in building a recent version of
PostgreSQL on FC25.

This format is now recognized by the USDT parser, and the correct
BPF code is emitted to retrieve arguments that reference memory
using this full addressing syntax.`

llcstat: fix TypeError on python3

dbslower and dbstat

syscount: Summarize syscall counts and latencies

Adds zlib1g-dev Debian package build dependency

When building from source in Debian, zlib1g-dev is needed or else
'/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lz' error will occur.

This new tool attaches to the raw_syscalls:sys_enter and sys_exit
tracepoints, and collects frequency counts and optionally latencies
of syscalls (aggregated by syscall or by process). It is a fairly
natural and efficient extension of Brendan Gregg's syscount from
perf-tools. Options include latency tracing, interval printouts,
process filtering, summarizing only failed syscalls, and more.

NOTE:
The translation of syscall numbers to names is performed using a
static list, borrowed from strace sources. It is accurate up to
syscall 313, and does not include the bpf() syscall, for example.
Also, it is only relevant for x86_64.

Basic example:

```
$ syscount -P
Tracing syscalls, printing top 10... Ctrl+C to quit.
[10:13:21]
PID    COMM               COUNT
30216  sshd                 533
31391  vi                   494
25188  screen               134
25776  mysqld                24
31394  python                10
494    systemd-journal        5
^C

$ syscount -L
Tracing syscalls, printing top 10... Ctrl+C to quit.
[10:13:34]
SYSCALL                   COUNT        TIME (us)
select                      132      1902458.009
nanosleep                   166        11136.305
write                        89           41.308
ftruncate                     1           33.217
stat                          1           22.117
fstat                         1            6.134
[unknown: 321]               28            4.553
ioctl                         7            4.544
wait4                       166            3.962
timerfd_settime               1            3.786
^C
```

Related: #786

This tool traces MySQL/PostgreSQL queries, and aggregates their
latencies into a histogram. The histogram is then printed when the
tool is stopped, or at user-specified intervals.

This tool traces MySQL/PostgreSQL queries, including an optional
minimum duration threshold. This is based on `mysqld_qslower` but
adapted to automatically detect MySQL/PostgreSQL processes, and a
couple of other code fixes.

I believe at this time, `mysqld_qslower` can be retired, as this
tool completely supersedes it.

Revert "undo rebase"

This reverts commit a112514c.

The changes the commit reverted are legit and should not have been
reverted.

Move monotonic_time to BPF class, use CLOCK_MONOTONIC

The bytes object has no __format__ method of its own, inheriting it from
object, so an exception is thrown in python3 when it's passed to a
formatted string since formatting instructions are type specific.

$: ./llcstat
Running for 10 seconds or hit Ctrl-C to end.
PID      NAME             CPU     REFERENCE         MISS    HIT%
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./llcstat", line 108, in <module>
    (float(hit) / float(v.value)) * 100.0))
TypeError: non-empty format string passed to object.__format__

Add pkg-config file to Debian packages.